Articles tagged with Vaccination
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A new study reveals that measles vaccination prevents not only measles but also other infectious diseases by damaging the immune system's memory. This finding explains why mass measles vaccinations have driven down mortality rates from other diseases in high-income countries.
Researchers at UTMB have successfully tested a vaccine for Chagas disease, which can provide long-lasting immunity in animal models. The vaccine was found to significantly reduce parasite levels and prevent chronic symptoms, making it a promising tool for control of this infection.
A candidate vaccine has been shown to induce long-lasting immunity against the parasite that causes Chagas disease. Mice vaccinated with a combination of two parasite proteins showed reduced parasite numbers and improved immune response compared to uninfected mice.
Researchers at Queen's University found a significant reduction in cervical dysplasia and genital warts among eligible girls who received the HPV vaccine. The study of over 260,000 girls showed that one case of cervical dysplasia was prevented for every 175 eligible girls vaccinated.
The American Academy of Pediatrics celebrates seven significant research achievements that have led to prevention and treatment strategies for diseases such as rotavirus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, SIDS, and acute lymphocytic leukemia. These advancements have saved millions of lives and improved child health worldwide.
Scaling up existing interventions, including infant vaccination and treatment programmes, could prevent 90% of new chronic HBV infections and 65% mortality levels by 2030. Global expansion is necessary to achieve hepatitis B elimination, avoiding 20 million deaths by 2030.
A small artificially composed virus fragment, sAB+, has been found to be sufficient for inducing a partially protective immune response against the Chikungunya virus. This discovery presents a promising approach for developing a Chikungunya vaccine.
A recent study found that a drop in vaccine protection is a likely explanation for the surge in pertussis disease cases in the US. The 'acellular' vaccine is found to have lower protection levels compared to the previously-used 'whole-cell' vaccine.
Researchers have successfully completed the first step in developing an insulin vaccine to prevent type 1 diabetes. The Pre-POINT study showed a positive immune response in children at high risk for the disease, with no adverse reactions observed.
A large study of over 95,000 US children found no association between the MMR vaccine and an increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), even among those with older siblings already at higher genetic risk for ASD. The study suggests that parents' concerns about the vaccine's link to ASD may be unfounded.
Researchers used TACC's Lonestar4 supercomputer to simulate and analyze data for various vaccine trial designs. They found that a phased-rollout randomized controlled trial would provide better information about the effectiveness of an Ebola vaccine.
A new study suggests that vaccinating 12-year-old boys against HPV can save $8 million to $28 million over their lifetimes due to reduced incidence of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer. The study's findings have significant implications for public health policy in countries where HPV vaccination is not currently funded.
Researchers at UTMB have developed an Ebola vaccine that is both safe and effective with a single dose, providing protection against the deadly virus. The new vaccine employs a 'Trojan horse' approach, using a weakened form of the virus to trigger an immune response.
A phase 1 clinical trial found the VSV-EBOV Ebola vaccine to be safe and elicit a robust immune response, with 93% of volunteers developing anti-Ebola antibodies within two weeks. The vaccine's higher dose showed a stronger antibody response.
A UCLA professor of planetary astronomy confirms that the timing of human births and hospital admissions is not influenced by the lunar cycle. The study highlights the persistence of flawed beliefs despite evidence, attributed to confirmation bias, and societal costs including measles outbreaks.
Two experimental Ebola vaccines have proven safe in a phase 2 clinical trial involving over 600 participants in Liberia. The trial may now advance to Phase 3 testing if the results are confirmed, with the ultimate goal of determining whether these vaccines can protect against Ebola virus disease.
A new study reveals a cytomegalovirus-based vaccine provides protection against Ebola virus for over 14 months after a single dose, offering hope for preventing ebolavirus infection in African apes and reducing future human outbreaks. The innovative approach could help stabilize endangered ape populations and protect humans from the de...
A multivalent vaccine candidate induced broad antibody responses in trial participants, including to non-vaccine strains, suggesting a possible solution to evading immunity. The study provides evidence that VLP-based vaccines may overcome antigenic drift, but further development and clinical trials are needed for a vaccine suitable for...
The International Journal of Infectious Diseases publishes a special issue to mark World TB Day, highlighting recent successes and future challenges in eliminating TB. The issue presents new vaccine candidates, diagnostic techniques, and treatment options for drug-resistant strains.
Researchers calculate vaccine coverage among exposed populations in California, Arizona, and Illinois as far below 96-99% necessary for herd immunity. The virus's effective reproduction rate is estimated between 3.2-5.8, emphasizing the importance of vaccination to control outbreaks.
A recent measles outbreak in California was likely caused by substandard vaccination compliance, according to a study published in JAMA Pediatrics. The study estimates that vaccination rates among exposed populations may be as low as 50 percent, highlighting the need for herd immunity.
A study predicts a rise in measles cases by 100,000 across West Africa due to Ebola-related health system disruptions, resulting in an additional 5,000 measles deaths. The research highlights the need for aggressive regional vaccination programs to counteract the steep downturn in immunization rates.
Researchers have identified tiny differences in the outer shell proteins of different hepatitis C viruses that make them resistant to antibodies. The study found that these protein variations are not located where antibodies attach, requiring multiple antibodies to be stimulated for an effective vaccine. Future research will focus on i...
A Duke University study suggests that public health programs should allocate funds to encourage more boys to be vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV), which could ultimately protect more people. The study found that boosting HPV vaccination coverage in girls may become increasingly expensive as the pool of willing parents shrinks.
A recent study examines reasons people refuse vaccines and highlights the importance of vaccination in preventing measles outbreaks. The study found that vaccine refusal can lead to unnecessary risk to children, with cases reporting complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis.
A study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that the appropriate use criteria for diagnostic cardiac catheterization may not be reliable for guiding clinical decisions. The researchers evaluated a cohort of 48,336 patients without a history of coronary artery disease and found that obstructive CAD is more likely to be diagno...
A team of scientists discovered that HuR protein is critical for controlling metabolism in B cells, which produce antibodies essential for fighting infections. Removing HuR prevents proper growth and function of B cells, highlighting the importance of this protein in immunity.
A physician who received an experimental Ebola vaccine after a needle stick injury developed mild symptoms but strong Ebola-specific immune responses. The study found the patient's clinical syndrome and laboratory evidence consistent with vaccination response, with no evidence of Ebola virus infection detected.
Scientists have discovered a new way to manipulate how cells function, improving the efficiency of DNA vaccines and gene therapy. The new method boosts protein production by up to 20 times, potentially leading to stronger immune responses and reduced side effects.
A study by WSU researcher Graham Dixon found that emotional messages can backfire among individuals with anti-vaccine views. The approach highlights the consequences of non-vaccination using emotional pictures may not be as effective as previously thought.
A study found that almost all pediatricians encounter requests to spread out vaccines, with increasing numbers agreeing to do so despite risks. Most physicians feel tension between building trust and prioritizing child safety.
Research at Henry Ford Hospital found that patients whose physicians recommended flu vaccination were more likely to receive it, with higher rates among white and Asian patients. The study suggests that improving communication between doctors and patients about the benefits of flu vaccination is crucial.
A randomized trial using Colorado Immunization Information System found that children in the centralized notification system received at least one contact, with documentation rates of 26.9% compared to 21.7% in the practice-based group. The study concludes that a collaborative centralized approach can increase immunization rates and is...
The HPV vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in preventing cervical cancers caused by nine high-risk HPV types. If populations are vaccinated, approximately 90% of all cervical cancers worldwide can be prevented. The vaccine was found to be safe with no significant health concerns.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge and Animal & Plant Health Agency highlight the importance of specificity in new diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis (bovine TB) vaccination. For vaccination to be economically viable, the number of false positives must be below 15 out of every 10,000 cattle tested.
To make bovine TB vaccination viable, researchers recommend diagnostic tests must achieve high specificity to avoid increasing restrictions and financial burden. Achieving a specificity of greater than 99.85% is necessary to see benefits of vaccination.
A new HPV vaccine, Gardasil 9, has been developed to protect against nine types of the virus, significantly improving protection against cervical cancer compared to the current vaccine. The new vaccine offers up to 97% effectiveness in preventing high-grade cervical and vaginal disease caused by high-risk HPV types.
A study by Ohio State University found that both liberals and conservatives exhibit biases against scientific facts that contradict their political beliefs. Liberals showed lower trust in science related to fracking and nuclear power, while conservatives reacted more strongly to climate change and evolution.
A new study of adolescent girls found that HPV vaccination was not associated with an increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs), contrary to previous concerns. The study included over 21,000 vaccinated females and 186,500 non-vaccinated females, finding no evidence that HPV vaccination leads to higher rates of STIs.
A study by Washington State University researchers found that online comments from unknown experts can be more persuasive than public service announcements. Participants were equally influenced by pro-vaccination and anti-vaccination comments, regardless of the commenter's expertise.
A study found that an oral supplement containing arginine, zinc, and antioxidants improves healing of mild to severe pressure ulcers in malnourished patients. Meanwhile, a survey suggests that pain and other alarming symptoms in the last year of life have increased from 1998 to 2010. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's ACI...
A study by Ohio State University suggests that confidence in government is a key factor in public willingness to vaccinate. People with high trust in the government were more likely to take the swine flu vaccine, while those with low trust had lower vaccination rates. The research also found that individuals who watched more news and h...
The Liberia-NIH partnership is conducting a Phase 2/3 study to test the safety and efficacy of two experimental vaccines against Ebola virus infection. The trial will enroll approximately 27,000 healthy adults and those at high risk of infection, and will provide crucial information on potential countermeasures for future outbreaks.
The GSK/NIH Ebola vaccine candidate has shown a well-tolerated safety profile and generated an immune response in healthy volunteers. Larger trials are necessary to assess whether the immune responses offer protection against Ebola infection and disease.
Researchers at the University of Georgia have successfully tested a new treatment on mice that cures the disease even after the virus has spread to the brain. The new vaccine rescues mice much longer after infection than what was traditionally thought possible, with 50% of treated mice saved even after physical symptoms appear.
A new study by Kansas State University veterinary diagnosticians found that a rabies booster can protect pets with out-of-date vaccinations from developing the fatal disease. The finding gives pet owners and veterinarians new options when faced with quarantining or euthanizing a pet exposed to the rabies virus.
A new study found that infants show specific brain activity patterns when receiving vaccinations, which may help develop improved vaccination techniques and pain-relieving treatments. The researchers used EEG measurements to identify these patterns, which appeared earlier in younger infants and were more consistent in older children.
Only about half of teenage girls receive the HPV vaccine at the recommended age of 11-12, leaving them unprotected against cervical cancer and genital warts. Researchers found that rates of HPV infection increase significantly among young people between 14-24, emphasizing the importance of early vaccination.
Scientists develop a new approach to combat cocaine addiction by using a modified bacterial protein to trigger an immune system response. The strategy has shown promise in animal studies, offering hope for the creation of effective vaccines against drug abuse.
A 30-year study found that neonatal HBV vaccination significantly reduced the risk of primary liver cancer and other liver diseases in young adults. The study's results show that vaccination led to a 84% reduction in liver cancer incidence, highlighting the importance of early intervention.
A Phase 1B clinical trial in Uganda found the experimental vaccines safe and induced immune responses in healthy volunteers. The results are encouraging, as similar immune responses were observed compared to a previous US trial.
A study led by Dr Yaohe Wang at Barts Cancer Institute found that arming a modified virus called Vaccinia with a specific gene enhanced its effectiveness against pancreatic cancer. In mice, the armed virus was more effective in killing tumors and preventing regrowth compared to an unarmed version.
A phase 1 trial confirms two experimental Ebola DNA vaccines are safe and stimulate a similar immune response in Ugandan adults as reported in US adults earlier this year. The vaccines generated neutralizing antibodies and T-cells against the virus proteins, providing comparable safety and immune response.
Researchers have successfully developed an oral vaccine delivery system using Streptococcus mitis to induce mucosal immune responses in the mouth and beyond. This innovative approach has potential to protect against diseases such as tuberculosis, AIDS, and intestinal infections, making it a promising tool for global health threats.
Researchers have developed injectable 3D vaccines using programmable biomaterials that can induce an immune response to fight cancer and infectious diseases like HIV. The vaccines recruit dendritic cells, which then trigger an immune response to attack harmful cells.
A recent study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal has found that HPV vaccination does not lead to increased risky sexual behavior in young girls. The study followed 260,493 girls and found no significant increase in pregnancies or sexually transmitted infections among those who received the vaccine.
A new breast cancer vaccine developed at Washington University School of Medicine has shown safety and preliminary evidence of biological efficacy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. The vaccine targets a protein called mammaglobin-A, found almost exclusively in breast tissue, and primes the immune system to attack tumor cells, ...
The NIAID/GSK Ebola vaccine candidate was well-tolerated and produced immune system responses in all 20 healthy adults who received it. The vaccine induced a T-cell response, including CD8 T cells, which may play an important role in immune protection against Ebola viruses.
A new powdered measles vaccine has been found safe and effective in early human testing, with no clinically relevant side effects reported. The dry powder vaccine was delivered through a puff of air and showed promise as an alternative to traditional injectable vaccines.
A new study found that a provider-focused intervention improved Human Papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination rates by 10 times for boys and nearly twice as much for girls. The multi-component Performance Improvement Continuing Medical Education (PI CME) intervention was linked to sustained improvements in HPV vaccination rates.