Articles tagged with Acute Infections
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A retrospective cohort study in Sweden found ongoing transmission of hepatitis C before anti-HCV screening was implemented in 1992. The study identified undiagnosed hepatitis C patients living in Sweden who received transfusions pre-1992, emphasizing the need for testing and treatment.
A new study reveals that value-based incentive programs aimed at reducing health care-associated infections did not improve infection rates in either safety-net or non-safety-net hospitals. Safety-net hospitals continued to experience higher rates of health care-associated infections, highlighting persistent disparities in the healthca...
A new modeling study suggests that the number of infection-initiating viral variants is primarily determined by how long the source partner has been infected. The risk for multiple-founder variant transfer during sexual HIV exposure is nearly doubled during the first three months of the source partner's infection.
A large Swedish study found stress-related disorders associated with a higher risk of life-threatening infections like meningitis and sepsis. Younger age at diagnosis and co-occurring psychiatric conditions further increased the risk, while SSRI antidepressant use appeared protective.
A new study suggests that chronic ear infections caused by a flat Eustachian tube angle may have led to the demise of the Neanderthals. This condition would have been a lifelong threat to their health and survival, making it difficult for them to compete with Homo sapiens for resources.
Research reveals high levels of antibiotic resistance among E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae species in Ghana, posing a significant threat to the healthcare system. The spread of these resistant bacteria through contact with contaminated surfaces and person-to-person contact is a major public health concern.
Since 2008, chronic hepatitis B infections have increased steadily in Europe, with 58% of newly reported cases classified as chronic in 2017. Successful national vaccination programmes have contributed to a decline in acute cases, but incomplete data and varying surveillance systems hinder detailed epidemiological analysis.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have discovered two distinct neutrophil states in blood, which vary depending on patient health and infection status. These findings may lead to new models for disease detection and monitoring, such as tracking primed neutrophils to predict inflammatory diseases.
A new study sheds light on the metabolic shifts that occur during chronic asymptomatic malaria infection, which can help develop more effective detection and treatment methods.
Healthcare-associated infections are common in European hospitals and long-term care facilities, affecting millions of patients each year. Low microbiological testing rates vary widely between countries, highlighting the need for improved infection control measures.
The article discusses the rising trend of heroin abuse in the US, which has led to an increase in surgical complications such as skin and soft tissue infections, septic thrombophlebitis, and mycotic pseudoaneurysms. Rapid recognition and management of these complications are crucial to prevent life-threatening outcomes.
Researchers found that antibiotic treatment courses for common infections in English primary care often deviate from guidelines, with the majority of excess days attributed to respiratory conditions. The study suggests that reducing antibiotic overuse through better adherence to recommended treatment durations may have significant scope.
Researchers are studying norovirus and Clostridium difficile to determine effective disinfection strategies for cleaning up vomit on soft surfaces. The goal is to control the spread of diseases in long-term care facilities, where outbreaks account for 60% of cases.
A flare-up of an Ebola infection in a woman who had survived the disease a year earlier has highlighted the need for continued surveillance and strengthened health systems. The virus was detected in her family members, including her husband and sons, through genetic analysis.
Researchers found a significant decrease in C. difficile infections across Canada, with the most common virulent strain, NAP1, associated with severe illness and deaths. Improved infection control practices, such as frequent handwashing and better cleaning, may have contributed to this decline.
A study of almost 15,000 outpatients with acute respiratory infections during flu seasons found that 41% were prescribed antibiotics despite not being indicated for their conditions. Antibiotic overuse remains a widespread issue in the treatment of outpatient acute respiratory infections.
A study published in The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association found that 63% of Hepatitis C infections resulting from medical treatment were discovered after patients became acutely ill. Researchers highlight the importance of proactive reporting and proper infection control practices to prevent such incidents.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have identified volatile biomarkers that can detect malaria in people with no external symptoms. The study found that changes in human odours are characteristic of both acute and asymptomatic malaria infections, allowing for nearly 100% detection rate even at low pathogen quantities.
A new study found that brief exposure to fine particulate matter PM2.5 is associated with the development of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children, leading to increased doctor visits and hospitalizations. The research suggests that air pollution may impair the body's ability to fight off infections or cause damage ...
Research found that acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is associated with elevated levels of fine particulate matter PM2.5 in young children, even those as young as two months old. The study, involving over 100,000 patients, suggests that air pollution may impair the immune response and increase susceptibility to infections.
Most antibiotic courses for acute sinus infection in adults exceed five days, despite guidelines recommending a maximum of seven days. The study analyzed over 3.7 million visits by private practice physicians and found that nearly 70% of prescribed treatments lasted longer than 10 days.
Researchers analyzed immune cells of children with flu symptoms and found that previous exposures to viruses influence the immune response. The study identified changes in key immune pathways that may lead to better therapies for young patients with acute respiratory tract infections.
A study published in JAMA found that oral steroid prednisolone did not reduce symptom duration or severity in nonasthmatic adults with acute lower respiratory tract infections. The study randomly assigned 401 adults to receive either prednisolone or a placebo for five days, but no significant treatment effects were observed.
A new study published in JAMA found that oral steroids do not reduce the duration or severity of symptoms in non-asthmatic adults with acute chest infections. Researchers compared 398 participants who received prednisolone for five days to those receiving a placebo, and found no significant difference in symptom improvement.
Scientists at Georgetown University Medical Center found that alpha-Synuclein, a protein implicated in Parkinson's disease, is released when an infection occurs in the upper GI tract, inducing an immune response. Chronic infections may overwhelm the body's capacity to clear alpha-Synuclein, leading to disease.
A new study found that nearly half of seniors in Ontario who visited a family doctor for a non-bacterial infection received an unnecessary antibiotic prescription. The majority of prescriptions were for broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes and antibiotic resistance.
A RAND Corporation study found that direct-to-consumer telehealth services prompt new use of medical services, leading to increased spending. Despite the convenience and lower costs associated with telehealth visits, only 12% of telemedicine visits replaced traditional office visits, while 88% represented new use of medical services.
A global study confirms that vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of acute respiratory infections by cutting it in half for individuals with severe vitamin D deficiency. Regular supplementation also offers benefits, whereas occasional high doses show no significant impact.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that vitamin D supplementation results in a 12% reduction in the proportion of participants experiencing at least one acute respiratory tract infection. Daily or weekly doses show greater benefit, particularly in those with severe vitamin D deficiency.
A new study suggests that widely used pain relievers may increase the risk of a heart attack when used during a cold or flu-like illness. Researchers found a stronger association with a heart attack when both an acute respiratory infection and NSAID use were present, with a 3.4-fold increased risk for a heart attack.
A recent study has provided the first details of how enteroviruses, which cause millions of infections worldwide annually, may enter the body through the intestine. The researchers used a mini-gut model to demonstrate that echovirus 11 induced significant damage to intestinal cells, facilitating passage into the bloodstream.
The study establishes the prevalence of bloodstream infections as the most common type of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in children, with a high mortality rate associated with these infections. The findings highlight the need for urgent action to prevent and reduce HAIs in neonatal and paediatric intensive care units.
A study found that high monthly doses of vitamin D reduced acute respiratory infections in older long-term care residents by 40%. However, it also increased the number of falls experienced by these individuals. The study suggests daily dosing with high levels of vitamin D may be needed to minimize risk.
Researchers at the University of Basel discovered that calcium induces the transition from acute to chronic infections in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a life-threatening pathogen. This shift enables the bacteria to adapt and survive in the lungs, making treatment more challenging for patients with cystic fibrosis.
The European Union experiences a significant number of healthcare-associated infections each year, resulting in approximately 2.5 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The study found that these infections have a higher combined burden than other communicable diseases like influenza and HIV/AIDS.
A new study estimates the combined burden of six healthcare-associated infections to be higher than that of diseases like influenza, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis together. The estimated annual burden is approximately 2.5 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in the EU/EEA.
A US university is testing an intervention to reduce antibiotic prescriptions for viral infections, a major contributor to antibiotic resistance. The study focuses on adult acute bronchitis and children's upper respiratory tract infections, aiming to promote better use of antibiotics and reduce resistance.
Researchers have reported a new neurological complication of Zika virus infection, specifically sensory polyneuropathy, in a Honduran patient. The study highlights the potential for Zika virus to cause acute infectious sensory polyneuropathy, which began during the acute infectious phase.
A recent study estimates the financial burden of acute gastrointestinal illnesses on the Swiss healthcare system, which costs between €29-€45 million annually. The most commonly reported cause of foodborne disease in Switzerland is Campylobacter infections, generating estimated EUR 8 million annual costs.
A Finnish study found that nearly 60% of patients with coronary artery disease also had dental root tip infections. The researchers discovered a strong link between the two conditions, suggesting that oral infections may contribute to heart disease risk. Root canal treatment may help reduce this risk.
The US Army's MHRP is part of a collaborative research team awarded $4.6M per year to develop an integrated approach to finding an HIV cure. Researchers will study immune responses generated by therapeutic vaccines and broadly neutralizing antibodies.
Researchers found that early combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) blunts gastrointestinal inflammation and immune activation in acutely infected HIV patients. However, cART did not restore CD4+ T cell counts in the gut, suggesting that earlier therapy may be beneficial but with limited long-term benefits.
Researchers develop CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNA sequences targeting latent herpesvirus DNA in infected human cells, suppressing virus replication. Efficient elimination of EBV genomes was observed, while HCMV replication was impaired with simultaneous editing at multiple critical sites.
Researchers analyze high-risk individuals and track their HIV status to understand the evolution of symptoms and signs during acute infection. The study reveals a correlation between peak viremia and set-point viremia, establishing a critical window for intervention strategies.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that Ontario's infant rotavirus immunization program significantly reduced hospitalizations for acute gastroenteritis by 71%, while emergency department visits dropped by 68%. The findings also suggest that herd immunity may have been created among older children and adults.
A new study suggests that detecting HIV earlier through screening programs can lead to lower rates of transmission in local epidemics. In San Diego, an acute infection screening program was implemented, resulting in fewer new HIV diagnoses than expected without such testing.
A young patient infected with Zika virus presented with motor deficiency, intense pain, and urinary retention. Researchers detected high concentrations of the virus in cerebrospinal fluid and treated the patient with methylprednisolone, leading to improved neurological conditions.
A systematic review of 25 years of studies found no significant difference in risk of laboratory-confirmed respiratory infection between N95 respirators and surgical masks. The authors recommend RCTs to evaluate N95 respirator effectiveness in clinical environments due to human behavior factors.
A study found that accountable justification and peer comparison behavioral interventions significantly reduced inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. The interventions resulted in modest changes to the practice environment without restricting clinicians' choice of treatment.
A new study found that behavioral interventions, such as peer comparison and accountable justification, significantly reduced unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions for acute respiratory infections. The study built upon prior research and resulted in a 16 percentage point reduction in prescription rates.
Research reveals a four-fold increased risk of in-hospital cardiovascular mortality in AMI patients with respiratory infections. Respiratory infections were associated with longer hospital stays, more severe clinical presentations, and higher incidence of arrhythmias and reinfarction.
A new study suggests that less than 1% of diagnosed acute hepatitis C cases met CDC reporting criteria, indicating massive underreporting in the public health surveillance system. This finding is crucial for guiding public health initiatives and planning for future needs, as accurate estimates are essential for targeting resources.
A new RAND Corporation study found that patients treated virtually for acute respiratory infections are just as likely to be prescribed antibiotics as those treated face-to-face. The study also found higher rates of broad-spectrum antibiotic use in virtual care.
Researchers found that a viral co-infection with Epstein-Barr virus can suppress the immune response to malaria in mice, leading to severe anemia. The study suggests that similar effects may occur in humans, particularly young children living in malaria-endemic areas.
A new study reports that bathing patients in chlorhexidine was equally effective in preventing MRSA transmission as current contact precautions, reducing contamination events by 29%. The research challenges the practice of limiting patient contact and may provide a cheaper alternative strategy for improving patient care.
Researchers estimate that newly infected individuals with HIV are less likely to spread the virus to others during the acute phase of infection, which may improve strategies to control HIV's spread. This finding bolsters the approach of treating patients with antiretroviral drugs before the onset of AIDS to prevent transmission.
A new study finds that recently infected individuals with HIV are not as likely to infect others as previously estimated, suggesting a potential impact on Treatment as Prevention programs. The researchers used two approaches to estimate acute phase infectivity and found estimates to be significantly lower than previous studies.
A recent study found that approximately 40 percent of hospitalizations for severe sepsis can be prevented or treated early to avoid rehospitalization. The most common readmission diagnoses included ambulatory care sensitive conditions such as heart failure and pneumonia.
A study conducted by McMaster University researchers found that hospitalized patients wash their hands infrequently, with rates as low as 3% when entering and leaving their rooms. The research emphasizes the importance of educating patients on hand hygiene practices to reduce the spread of infection.
A recent study found that healthy individuals carry an average of five types of viruses on their bodies, with some individuals harboring up to 15 viruses. The researchers discovered seven families of viruses, including strains of herpes viruses not associated with sexually transmitted infections.