Articles tagged with Colorectal Cancer
Researchers identified a common oncogene, KRAS, as a key player in immune checkpoint blockade therapy resistance in metastatic colorectal cancer. Restoring IRF2 expression or inhibiting MDSCs through CXCL3-CXCR2 signaling increased CRC sensitivity to ICB therapy.
The study analyzed tumor DNA from 843 patients with colorectal cancer, identifying associations between genetic mutations and treatment responses. Patients with microsatellite instability had longer survival when treated with bevacizumab, while those with high tumor mutational burden lived longer than those with less variation.
Researchers found that younger patients with early-onset colorectal cancer have unique genetic mutations and subtypes of the disease. Patients with predisposing conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, also exhibit distinct clinical and genetic characteristics compared to those without such conditions.
A new study by Indiana University School of Medicine and the Regenstrief Institute found that an annual noninvasive stool test is effective for colon cancer screening in average-risk adults. The test, known as FIT, identified hidden blood in stool and had high detection rates for colorectal cancer.
The study found that Medicaid patients experienced a tripling of CRC screening, with a notable increase in those from Appalachian regions. Following the expansion, CRC patients on Medicaid demonstrated improved survival rates, particularly after the first year.
A new study led by Salk Institute scientists suggests that high-fat diets contribute to colorectal cancer growth by disrupting the balance of bile acids in the intestine. The findings could explain why younger people are developing colorectal cancer at an alarming rate.
Consuming garlic and onions has been shown to lower the risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese study involving 833 patients. Adults who ate high amounts of allium vegetables had an 79% lower chance of developing the disease compared to those who consumed low amounts.
Researchers discovered a link between Escherichia coli and colorectal cancer risk through colibactin, a genotoxic warhead that damages DNA. The study identified potential biomarkers for assessing colorectal cancer risk and provides significant mechanistic insights into the carcinogenic activities of colibactin.
The black-white cancer mortality gap has closed considerably over the past several decades, with faster declines among black Americans. The disparities have narrowed for lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers, and have stabilized since 2010 for breast cancer.
Researchers found that elevated levels of IL-33 and Tregs trigger cancer-promoting chronic inflammation, leading to the development of skin and colon cancer. Blocking this axis can prevent cancer development in mice with chronic dermatitis.
A new study found that spending more time watching TV is associated with a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer in people under 50. The research, published in JNCI Cancer Spectrum, suggests that sedentary behaviors like watching TV may be a distinct risk factor for young-onset colorectal cancer.
A new study finds rates are increasing for six of 12 obesity-related cancers in younger adults in the US, with steeper increases in progressively younger ages. Excess body weight is a known carcinogen associated with more than a dozen cancers and suspected in several more.
The American Gastroenterological Association has announced the 2019 recipients of the annual recognition awards, honoring outstanding contributions to the field of gastroenterology. The award winners include John I. Allen, MD, MBA, AGAF; Harry B. Greenberg, MD; and Timothy C. Wang, MD, AGAF.
A study at St. Michael's Hospital found that transgender patients have lower odds of being screened for certain types of cancer, including breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer. Transgender patients had a 70% lower odds of being screened for breast cancer, with similar disparities seen in cervical and colorectal cancer screening.
Researchers investigated the effect of AR inhibitor fidarestat on high-fat diet-induced intestinal polyps in ApcMin/+ mice. The study found that fidarestat reduced the number and size of polyps, as well as inhibited key proteins involved in carcinogenesis.
A study published in Cell Reports reveals a critical connection between chronic inflammation and the development of colon cancer. Researchers found that persistent inflammation leads to increased levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and interleukin-10, which ultimately silence tumor suppressors and contribute to cancer growth.
A study published in The Lancet reveals that consuming at least 25g to 29g of dietary fibre per day can reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and colorectal cancer by 16-24%. Whole grains also show promise in reducing mortality rates and incidence of these diseases.
Colorectal cancer mortality rates are projected to decrease in most countries, but increase in Europe, North America, and Oceania. The number of deaths is expected to rise globally by 60.0% and 71.5% until 2035.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have discovered a protein that can serve as an early biomarker for colorectal cancer. The protein, beta-1,4-GalT-V, is involved in cell proliferation and new blood vessel formation, which are critical processes in cancer growth.
A large Kaiser Permanente study shows that 10 years after a negative colonoscopy, members had a 46% lower risk of developing colorectal cancer and an 88% lower risk of dying from it. This evidence supports the recommended 10-year rescreening interval after a normal colonoscopy finding.
A study of over 280,000 people found a significant association between work stress and increased risk of colorectal and esophagus cancers. However, no link was observed for prostate, breast, or ovarian cancers, with the relationship varying by region.
Scientists identified that loss of two genes drives serrated colorectal cancer and found a combination treatment that has treated the cancer in mice. This discovery holds implications for patient care and may provide insights into the link between inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.
A study found 29% of veterans who underwent recommended colonoscopies were uncomfortable with stopping screenings when benefits were expected to be low. Participants preferred a more personalized approach to screening decisions, citing mistrust in life expectancy calculators and age-based guidelines.
A program providing individually tailored lifestyle recommendations for patients undergoing colorectal cancer screening helped encourage healthy behavior, according to a study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. Participants who received tailored feedback increased their cancer preventive behaviors by 0.11 compar...
Researchers discovered 40 new genetic variants associated with an increased risk of colon cancer, validating 55 previously identified variants. The study also identified a rare protective variant for sporadic colorectal cancer, offering hope for targeted treatments.
A Finnish study found that men who participated in the national colorectal cancer screening programme were less likely to require emergency surgery, chemotherapy, and incomplete tumour removals. The benefits of screening were particularly pronounced among male patients with left-sided colorectal cancer.
A recent study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention found that many patients diagnosed with adenomas often do not receive subsequent colonoscopies within the recommended time frame. The study analyzed patterns and factors associated with the receipt of colonoscopy within approximately three years of a diagnosis of ...
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that racial differences in colorectal cancer incidence are not due to biological factors. The study suggests that screening should begin at age 50 regardless of race, with consideration for individual risk factors and preferences. Improved access to screening is crucial to reducing disparitie...
Research reveals a 6% annual increase in European colorectal cancer incidence rates among adults aged 20-39 years between 2008 and 2016. This trend is driven by increased risk factors such as sedentary lifestyles, obesity, and poor diets.
A new immunotherapy combination shows durable clinical benefits in patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer, with 60% objective response rate and 84% of patients experiencing tumour shrinkage. The treatment is also well-tolerated, with manageable side effects.
Researchers report a 100% major pathological response rate in early-stage colon cancers with mismatch repair deficiencies treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab. The regimen was well-tolerated, and patients underwent radical resection without delays.
A new study found that healthy diets are associated with a lower risk of death from colorectal cancer, both before and after diagnosis. Those who followed the American Cancer Society's guidelines on nutrition and physical activity had a 22% lower risk of all-cause mortality.
A recent survey found that social vulnerability and medical skepticism are major barriers to cancer screening participation, particularly for colorectal and lung cancer screenings. Researchers call for a combined approach incorporating new technologies and personalized messaging to address inequalities in screening uptake.
A new study has found that women with higher BMIs are more than twice as likely to develop colorectal cancer before age 50. The researchers estimate that around 22% of these cases could have been prevented if participants had a normal BMI between 18.5-24.9.
The report emphasizes tobacco control as the top priority in a national cancer control plan due to its significant health benefits. Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable cancer deaths, accounting for nearly 30% of all cancer-related deaths in the US.
Researchers at RCSI have discovered that chromosomal instability can predict which patients will benefit from the colorectal cancer drug Avastin. Patients with intermediate-to-high levels of chromosomal instability responded better to Avastin treatment, while those with low levels of chromosomal instability benefited less.
Researchers found a significant correlation between H. pylori infections and colorectal cancer incidence, especially in African Americans. The study analyzed data from over 4,000 cases and found that antibodies to four H. pylori proteins were most often present among those with colorectal cancer.
Scientists have found that low TIP60 expression leads to uncontrolled jumping gene expression, triggering tissue inflammation that supports tumor growth. The discovery opens new avenues for cancer treatment using anti-HIV drugs.
The report reveals a high burden of prostate and colorectal cancers among Hispanic men in Puerto Rico, contrasting with lower rates among non-Hispanic whites. The study emphasizes the need for culturally tailored strategies to address these disparities and promote healthy lifestyle behaviors.
Current guidelines on anticoagulation therapy for atrial fibrillation may be insufficient due to varying stroke rates among studies, suggesting a need for individualized risk assessments. A case report also highlights the successful treatment of multiple cancers with pembrolizumab in a patient with Lynch syndrome
Dr. Lan Zhou's research focuses on the impact of gut microbiome imbalance, immune response, and genetics on colorectal cancer development through the serrated pathway. Her team will use mouse models and human tissue to study carcinogenic transformation and inflammation-related pathways.
The ACCION program has increased screening rates in West Texas to around 50 percent, compared to a national average of about 70 percent. The program's success is attributed to its use of promotoras and partnerships with community organizations to make screenings more accessible.
A new study confirms that Kaiser Permanente's organized screening program has led to a 52% decrease in colorectal cancer mortality and a 25.5% decline in incidence, saving thousands of lives.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that inhibiting Jagged 1 protein can prevent colon and rectal tumour growth, even removing existing tumours. This approach may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for selectively targeting malignant stem cells in colon cancer.
A study found that a diet discouraging alcohol consumption and promoting healthy eating was associated with reduced overall and breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer risks. Adherence to the WCRF/AICR score had the strongest association with reduced risk.
Using complementary medicine alongside conventional cancer therapy is associated with a higher risk of death from cancer. The study analyzed data from over 1.9 million patients and found that those who used complementary medicine were more likely to refuse conventional treatments.
A study at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center found that mailing colorectal cancer screening tests to patients insured by Medicaid increased screening rates for this population. The project resulted in a nearly 9 percentage point increase in screening rates compared to patients who just received a reminder.
A study of 99,654 individuals found that lifetime light alcohol drinkers had the lowest combined risk of mortality or developing cancer. The risk increased linearly with lifetime alcohol consumption, with heavy and very heavy drinkers facing significantly higher risks.
A large international study found that higher circulating vitamin D concentrations are significantly associated with lower colorectal cancer risk. Optimal vitamin D concentrations for colorectal cancer prevention may be higher than current recommendations.
A new study published in JAMA found that increased follow-up testing of colorectal cancer patients does not improve survival rates. The study showed that patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer experienced the same five-year survival rate regardless of whether they received two or five follow-up tests.
The American Cancer Society recommends earlier colorectal cancer screening for average-risk adults beginning at age 45, based on research showing an increased incidence of CRC in younger adults. Colorectal cancer incidence has declined steadily over the past two decades in people 55 and older due to screening.
Colorectal cancer screening may need to be started earlier than previously recommended, with a new study suggesting starting at age 45. Researchers estimate that cutting mortality from colorectal cancer could save up to 70% of lives if everyone followed the revised guidelines.
A preclinical study found that combining soy lecithin with an NSAID increased anticancer properties and reduced gastrointestinal bleeding. The combination provided superior protection against colorectal cancer without the usual side effects, according to researchers at UTHealth.
Two studies found that more frequent follow-up testing did not significantly impact mortality rates from any cause or colorectal cancer over five years. However, a related editorial suggests that current guidelines should be reevaluated in the context of these findings and potential harms associated with more frequent testing.
Researchers are testing a two-pronged approach combining a DNA vaccine and antibody to boost the immune response against tumors in patients with advanced stage CRC. Preliminary mouse studies showed promising results, including an immune memory that prevented re-challenge with the same tumor.
Researchers identified a correlation between gut microbial composition and microRNA expression in human colorectal cancer. The study found that dozens of microRNAs are differentially regulated in colorectal cancer tumors and are correlated with the abundance of microbes in the tumor microenvironment.
A new 'scoring' system developed by Johns Hopkins Medicine enhances the prediction of survival in people with colorectal cancers that have spread to the liver. The system includes traditional Fong indicators plus genetic and morphological evaluation (GAME) factors, which outperform the existing Fong system in predicting patient outcomes.
A study confirms a curable state between single and widespread cancers by identifying molecular patterns that predict patient outcomes. Researchers found that patients with limited spread of disease could achieve prolonged survival with surgery or targeted radiation therapy.
A study published by The BMJ found no evidence of 'gaming' after death rates for bowel surgeons were publicly reported. However, improvements were seen in mortality rates for patients undergoing non-emergency surgery, suggesting that the introduction of public reporting may have triggered better outcomes through teamwork.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University successfully killed tumors and prevented metastatic growth in mouse models of colorectal cancer using CAR-T cell therapy, targeting the GUCY2C antigen. The therapy achieved high survival rates without side effects, paving the way for potential human clinical trials.