Articles tagged with Hiv Infections
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The Midwest Developmental Center for AIDS Research will unite scientists and public health experts to fight the HIV epidemic in the region. The center aims to create a platform for collaboration and coordinate efforts to address the disease, with a focus on improving healthcare equity and outcomes.
The researchers developed a novel viral reporter system called HIV-Tocky, which allows for real-time visualization of HIV dynamics post-viral infection. This innovation provides crucial insights into HIV-1 latency mechanisms and establishes a foundation for developing eradication strategies.
A study found that statin therapy significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in adults aged 60 years and older, including those over 85. Statins also did not increase the risk for adverse events such as myopathies and liver dysfunction.
The Kobe University study traced the HIV variant CRF01_AE to Thailand, where it emerged around 1977. The virus then spread through Southeast Asia and was introduced to Indonesia at least three times, with an Indonesian strain moving to Iran. Understanding these transmission trends is crucial for developing effective treatments.
Researchers compared HIV reservoirs between patients with early and late treatment initiation. Early treatment was associated with faster decay of virus reservoirs, indicating a more effective immune clearance mechanism. This study supports the potential for early interventions to combat HIV by enabling an eventual cure.
A study by UC San Diego researchers found that closing the US-Mexico border during COVID-19 increased HIV transmission due to continued drug tourism. The study analyzed data from participants who crossed the border, revealing nine new cases of HIV contraction primarily during the pandemic.
A study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that semaglutide is an effective therapy for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in people with HIV. The medication, approved for type 2 diabetes treatment, showed significant reductions in liver fat and improved metabolic markers.
A study of nearly 4,000 individuals found significant impairments in processing speed, working memory, and executive function among perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents. The findings highlight the need for better diagnosis and treatment in low- and middle-income countries to improve long-term cognitive outcomes.
A study by Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute reveals that people living with HIV who contract COVID-19 face a significant increase in cardiovascular disease risk. The researchers identified several factors associated with this increased risk, including age, previous cardiovascular disease, and chronic conditions.
Researchers found that children born to mothers with HIV infection have an increased risk of immune abnormalities, impaired growth, and development. Infants exposed to HIV had a 41% higher mortality rate than those not exposed, with systemic inflammation being strongly associated with infant mortality.
A new implementation programme highlights challenges of locating and re-engaging former prisoners and individuals living with HIV who drop out of care. The study found that retaining these patients in care is crucial to end the global HIV epidemic.
Scientists at Sanford Burnham Prebys have identified promising links between common HIV drugs and a reduced incidence of Alzheimer's disease. The study analyzed over 225,000 medical records and found that RT inhibitor exposure was associated with a statistically significant reduced incidence and prevalence of AD.
A new study reveals that a specific RNA chemical modification, m6A, is crucial for HIV-1 virus replication and production. The research found that targeting this modification could lead to the development of new treatments for HIV infection.
Researchers have identified a 'sugar signature' in the blood of people living with HIV that may accelerate biological aging and inflammation. The findings could lead to new strategies for mitigating the negative effects of chronic viral infections.
A US study found that medical cannabis enrollment increased overall between 2016 and 2022, but decreased in states with legalized recreational use. The number of patients using cannabis for medical purposes has risen by over 600% since 2016.
A study published in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity found that normal levels of interferon-β are required for normal memory function, and its absence changes nerve cell components in a sex-dependent fashion. The research also showed that higher or lower than normal levels of interferon-β affect the brain in a sex-dependent manner.
A Danish study found that PrEP use was associated with a more than twofold increase in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis diagnoses. The researchers suggest that changes in sexual risk-taking may lead people to seek PrEP rather than increased risks.
Older people with HIV are more likely to have comorbidities and become frail compared to their age groups without HIV. By 65 years old, around 70% of those living with HIV for 20 years or more are living with multiple conditions.
A new nanofluidic implant has been shown to deliver an HIV drug with increased potency compared to existing oral medications, providing a potential breakthrough in addressing treatment nonadherence. The device is intended for long-term controlled release and avoids repeated systemic treatment, which can lead to adverse side effects.
Researchers have identified a potential path to eliminate the viral reservoir that prevents people from being completely cured of HIV. A new drug candidate, called a proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC) molecule, triggers the degradation of the Nef protein, which suppresses HIV replication and restores immune system detection. This ...
Researchers successfully demonstrate CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology to eliminate all traces of the HIV virus from infected cells in laboratory settings. The study aims to develop a robust and safe combinatorial regimen to target diverse HIV strains across various cellular contexts.
A study published in JAMA found that three months of social worker follow-up support improved HIV clinic attendance and antiretroviral therapy initiation, but did not reduce mortality after one year. The intervention, known as Daraja, was highly effective at addressing barriers to care such as stigma and lack of social support.
A randomized clinical trial found that linkage case management intervention did not improve 12-month mortality outcomes for hospitalized people with HIV. The study involved 500 participants and sheds light on the potential role of this intervention among hospitalized individuals with HIV.
A large clinical study conducted in South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe found that the dapivirine vaginal ring and daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis to be safe for HIV prevention among pregnant women. The study involved 248 pregnancies and showed no increased risk of stillbirth or miscarriage.
A large international clinical trial found that standard tools underestimate cardiovascular event risk in people with HIV, particularly in high-income regions and those with detectable viral loads. The study highlights the need for updated screening tools to provide precision care for the diverse population living with HIV.
A new study shows that HIV antiretrovirals can be taken together with gender-affirming hormone therapy without losing potency of either drug. The study found that estrogen and testosterone levels remained unchanged when participants took HIV medications alongside their hormone regimen.
A new study by the University of Washington found that condom use has been declining among younger gay and bisexual men, even when not taking PrEP. The study highlights the need for continued education about the benefits of using condoms during sex to reduce HIV transmission rates.
The Almodóvar lab is studying the link between HIV and pulmonary hypertension, a condition that increases pressure in lung arteries. By examining the interactions between different cell types and using a humanized mouse model, researchers hope to propose novel therapies to prevent lung diseases in people with HIV.
A new study has found that heavy alcohol use and illicit opioid use are linked to a higher risk of falls and fractures among people living with HIV. The study suggests the need for targeted clinical screening and interventions to prevent falls and related injuries, particularly among populations already at risk.
A UCLA-led study found that a combination of telehealth coaching, peer support, and automated text messages increased PrEP uptake among younger Americans by more than doubling it. The intervention's success suggests the importance of behavioral interventions and wraparound services in supporting HIV prevention.
Researchers found a significant connection between disrupted gut microbiomes, increased intestinal permeability, and faster biological aging in people living with chronic HIV infection. The study highlights specific bacteria as potential accelerators of aging, opening new avenues for developing strategies to mitigate these effects.
A new approach to fighting HIV has been developed using RNA, specifically small interfering RNAs (siRNA), which regulate gene expression in cells. This nanomedicine was shown to reduce HIV replication by 73% and is intended for vaginal application to prevent sexual transmission.
A recent study by Rutgers Health professor Stephanie Shiau and colleagues found that women with HIV experience accelerated DNA aging, linked to poorer physical function. The research highlights the unique challenges faced by women with HIV as they age, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions.
Researchers at City of Hope successfully treated the oldest person to achieve remission for both leukemia and HIV, demonstrating the effectiveness of reduced intensity chemotherapy before a stem cell transplant. The patient, Paul Edmonds, received donor cells resistant to HIV and was cured after nearly three years without antiretrovira...
Researchers at the University of Minnesota Medical School have explored a new approach to combat HIV by enhancing Natural Killer cell function. The study found that providing healthy NK cells and an anti-HIV drug resulted in significant reductions in infection burden, offering a potential cure strategy.
The new guideline aims to improve diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcosis, a fatal fungal infection that affects mainly the lungs and brain. It provides practical guidance for medical staff to recognize and manage invasive fungal infections, with the goal of improving patient survival rates.
A new clinical trial demonstrates a small reduction in the latent reservoir of HIV-infected cells using a combination of vorinostat and immunotherapy. While the results are promising, further research is needed to create more effective approaches to flush out the virus and attack it when it emerges from latency.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered a critical structure on the HIV virus that plays a crucial role in its infection process. By understanding this structure's dynamics, scientists may be able to design broadly neutralizing antibodies for an AIDS vaccine.
Researchers discover HIV uses its capsid to bypass cellular defenses and transport genetic material into the cell nucleus. The 'smart' FG phase of the nuclear envelope allows the capsid to slide through, concealing the genomic payload from anti-viral sensors.
Researchers discovered how HIV enters the cell's centre by mimicking host proteins, enabling it to produce genetic copies and infect other cells. The study provides insight into host-pathogen interactions beyond HIV biology.
A study by Texas Biomed researchers identified mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and inguinal lymph nodes as the leading sources of HIV rebound infection. The findings have implications for potential new therapies targeting these tissues to prevent viral spread.
A new study using an animal model has identified a window of opportunity for early treatment to promote long-term control and remission of HIV infection. Starting treatment four weeks after infection promotes viral control after discontinuation of treatment, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers are exploring 'priming, shaping, and polishing' techniques to develop an HIV vaccine targeting rare immune cells that produce broad-neutralizing antibodies. The Amsterdam UMC-led project aims to create an effective vaccine for low- and middle-income countries with a €4.5m grant.
The MAMAH trial found that preventive treatment with DHA-PPQ significantly reduces the risk of malaria infection and disease in pregnant women living with HIV. Women in the treatment group had almost eight times lower risk of clinical malaria and half the risk of becoming infected compared to the placebo group.
Researchers found that intradermal administration of the JYNNEOS smallpox vaccine induces an efficient immune response, protecting people living with HIV from contracting the monkeypox virus. Individuals with low CD4 T cell levels require a booster dose to compensate for their immunosuppressed status.
Research finds that people with higher HIV viral loads have higher recombination rates, enabling the virus to diversify and evade the immune system. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how recombination drives HIV evolution.
A new study will analyze electronic health records to identify facilitators and barriers of successful pediatric-to-adult HIV care transitions among youth in South Carolina. The research aims to develop guidance to improve systems and protocols for vulnerable populations.
Suicide rates in the US increased across all racial groups between 1999 and 2020, with highest rates among White people and American Indian/Alaska Native persons. Firearms and hanging were the top methods used, with a sharp increase in hangings among women.
Studies published in Nature Medicine show that implementing updated WHO screening guidelines could reduce cervical cancer death rates by over 63% in low-to-middle-income countries. Women with HIV have a sixfold risk of developing cervical cancer, and primary HPV testing can save up to 38 women's lives for every 71 screened.
A new study published in Nature Microbiology suggests that providing easy access to HIV treatment and care for heterosexual men could rapidly cut transmission to their female partners. Closing the viral suppression gap in men is estimated to halve rates of new infections among women and eliminate gender disparities.
Researchers are shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV replication and viral integration, opening new avenues for tackling the virus. Discoveries suggest that targeting the cell nucleus and harnessing innate immunity may be key to blocking viral replication and persistence.
A study of over 50 babies with HIV found that starting antiretroviral therapy within hours of birth can safely suppress HIV in the blood to undetectable levels. The treatment regimen was shown to halt the formation of hard-to-treat viral reservoirs, potentially leading to ART-free remission.
A qualitative research study from the University of Bath found that young men who have sex with other men often face barriers to accessing PrEP, a lifesaving medication. The study highlights the need for increased education and online services to improve access to the drug.
New HIV diagnoses rose by 31% in the EU/EEA in 2022, with migrants accounting for 49% of cases. Ukrainian refugees made up a significant proportion of new diagnoses, with women disproportionately affected. The increase highlights the need for tailored early testing and treatment approaches to address this growing public health threat.
Scientists identify a link between HIV's gp120 protein and chronic inflammation, leading to premature aging and comorbidities. A clinical trial aims to test the effect of Fostemsavir on reducing cardiovascular diseases and improving quality of life for women living with HIV.
A new study by Rutgers University found that Latino sexual minority men who experience racial and ethnic prejudice are more likely to delay HIV testing, complicating efforts to end the over 40-year epidemic. The researchers suggest that everyday discrimination may be a barrier to testing frequency.
Researchers used simulation modeling to find that achieving equity-centered goals can help reduce racial inequities in life expectancy among black and white men who have sex with men. By allocating resources to develop effective equity-centered interventions, health disparities can be comprehensively addressed.
A study of over 2,300 patients found that HIV-1 neutralizing antibody response decreases over time but highly potent broadly neutralizing antibodies remain detectable. This finding suggests a possible permanent vaccine response and is an important step toward developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine.
A new study by UCSF researchers found that the COVID-19 pandemic slowed progress on reducing HIV blood levels and worsened outcomes for certain groups, particularly Black patients and people who inject illicit drugs. The study tracked data from 17,999 participants across eight large HIV clinics in the US.
Researchers found large reservoirs of proviruses with mutations that help them evade detection, leading to low levels of residual viremia in individuals with HIV. Altered gene expression patterns also contributed to dampened immune responses and increased survival of infected cells.