Articles tagged with Lung Cancer
Researchers found that chronic cigarette smoke exposure leads to epigenetic changes in lung cells, silencing protective genes and priming them for cancer. These changes can be reversed by quitting smoking, suggesting a potential strategy for reducing lung cancer risk.
A study published at ESMO 2017 Congress found that abdominal fat distribution is a significant predictor of cancer diagnosis in postmenopausal women. The study, which included 5,855 women, showed that the ratio of abdominal to peripheral fat was an independent risk factor for certain cancers.
The PACIFIC trial showed that durvalumab improved progression-free survival in patients with locally advanced, unresectable stage II-III NSCLC, decreasing the probability of disease progression by 48%. Durvalumab also reduced treatment-related adverse events and improved overall response rates.
Researchers at the University of Southern Denmark have discovered a new strategy to overcome resistance in lung cancer, which often leads to treatment failure. By combining an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with an AKT inhibitor, tumor growth can be arrested, potentially improving patient survival.
A University of Colorado study found that blood tumor markers can predict lung cancer progression, allowing for earlier adjustments to treatment plans. Markers were associated with a 10% or greater rise in 53% of patients experiencing cancer progression, but not limited brain progression cases.
The largest study on hardmetal workers found no increased risk of lung cancer or death due to the substance's use in the industry. Short-term workers showed small excesses in lung cancer mortality, attributed to lifestyle and behavior factors rather than occupational exposure.
The study found that regular CT scans may not be necessary for follow-up, suggesting a conservative approach to monitoring the disease. The findings challenge standard clinical practice guidelines recommending chest CT scans every three to six months in the first two years after surgery.
Researchers developed a new assay to detect gene fusions in dozens of genes simultaneously, identifying a rare MET fusion in a late-stage lung cancer patient. The patient showed an almost complete response to targeted therapy crizotinib after over 8 months of treatment.
Researchers found that patients who received canakinumab had a marked reduction in lung cancer incidence and mortality, with death from cancer reduced by half in the highest dosage group. The study suggests that anti-inflammatory therapy may help slow lung cancer progression.
The CANTOS trial found that canakinumab significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular events and total cancer death, with dose-dependent effects on lung cancer rates. The study showed a 15% reduction in cardiovascular event risk and a 17% reduction in hospitalization for unstable angina.
Long-term use of high-dose vitamin B6 and B12 supplements is associated with a two- to four-fold increased lung cancer risk in men. Male smokers taking these supplements were three times more likely to develop lung cancer, while those taking higher doses were approximately four times more likely.
Researchers at Norton Thoracic Institute have developed a new approach to treat an aggressive subgroup of lung cancer. The study found that patients with tumors harboring specific genomic mutations, such as KRAS and LKB1, are more likely to benefit from a novel drug in clinical trials.
Researchers have developed a novel blood biopsy test that reads platelets to detect human lung cancer with high accuracy. The thromboSeq test analyzes tumor RNA absorbed by circulating platelets and has shown promising results in diagnosing non-small cell lung cancer, achieving up to 90% accuracy.
Lung cancer clinical trials have complex requirements that act as a barrier to development and patient enrollment. A retrospective study found an increase in eligibility criteria for medical therapy trials, particularly for cardiac, concurrent medications, and immunotherapy-related treatments.
A study by the Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium identified HER2 mutations in 24 lung cancer patients (3%), with median survival doubling when treated with HER2-directed therapy. This finding suggests a significant population of HER2+ lung cancer patients, highlighting the need for targeted therapies.
A new study published in Thorax found that smokers who undergo a low-dose CT scan of their lungs are more likely to quit smoking. The UK Lung Cancer Screening trial involved 4,055 participants and showed a 15% success rate in quitting after two years.
A study by MD Anderson Cancer Center found improved survival rates for patients with stage 3 lung cancer treated with concurrent chemotherapy and proton therapy. The treatment reduced toxic effects compared to standard care, with a median overall survival of 26.5 months.
The European Society for Medical Oncology has announced the recipients of its four distinguished annual awards. Miguel Martin is recognized for his work in breast cancer research, while José Baselga receives the Lifetime Achievement Award for pivotal contributions to drug development. Alberto Bardelli wins the Translational Research Aw...
Researchers used mathematical modeling to examine patterns in lung cancer metastases, revealing a preferential pattern for brain spread in patients with EGFR mutations. The findings suggest that Markov modeling could help predict metastatic spread and personalize treatment for non-small cell lung cancer patients.
A new study indicates that Holocaust survivors have a small but consistent increase in cancer risk, linked to extreme population-level tragedies. Survivors exposed to starvation, overcrowding, and psychological stress had higher risks of developing certain types of cancer, including colorectal and lung cancers.
A new study has identified 18 genetic variations associated with lung cancer risk and 10 new gene variations. The research, conducted by an international team, used a special research platform called OncoArray to gather genotype data from different studies worldwide.
A new circular RNA marker has been identified in blood and lung tissue, associated with increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. High expression of this marker may improve lung cancer screening and detection at late stages.
Researchers at Dartmouth Health have received a five-year, $12.1 million NIH grant to study and improve the precision of lung cancer risk and screening. The team aims to enhance understanding of gene-environment interactions in lung cancer etiology and translate observations into improved screening eligibility criteria.
A new report finds that nearly half of all cancer deaths in China are attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors. The study reveals that effective public health interventions can have a significant impact on reducing the cancer burden in China.
Research reveals a link between Alzheimer's and lower lung cancer risk due to mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation. A study analyzing over 1000 patient samples identified altered genes and confirmed the protective effect of Alzheimer's against lung cancer.
A new study suggests that lung cancer screening programs targeting high-risk people could reduce costs while saving lives. The research found that focusing on high-risk individuals could reduce the number of people who need to be screened by over 80%, making the program more cost-effective.
Researchers developed an AI-based approach to extract lung nodules from chest CTs, improving diagnosis accuracy and reducing false positives. The method can be integrated into existing CADe systems and accommodate new data streams, potentially increasing the five-year survival rate for lung cancer patients.
Scientists have discovered a new type of immune cell that can predict which lung cancer patients will benefit from immunotherapy treatment. The study found that patients with high levels of tissue-resident memory T-cells in their tumour were more likely to survive, and the cells' behaviour played a key role in increasing survival rates.
Researchers discovered a mechanism that makes lung cancer cells dependent on mutated versions of the p53 gene, opening the potential for new treatments. They also showed that ChK1 inhibitors could effectively stop cancer cell multiplication in patients with gain of function p53 mutations.
Researchers have identified 18 new lung cancer susceptibility loci, including 10 novel ones, in the largest genome-wide association study to date. The study found variation around a subunit of the nicotinic receptor and genes related to telomere function play a significant role in adenocarcinoma risk.
The new clinical guideline provides evidence-based recommendations on the use of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. For medically inoperable patients with high-risk clinical scenarios, SBRT is recommended as an alternative to surgery or salvage therapy.
A new study suggests that the standard dosage for pembrolizumab may be unnecessarily high, with personalized dosing resulting in significant cost savings. The study found that using a weight-based dose of 2 mg/kg instead of the fixed dose of 200 mg could lead to annual savings of $825 million.
The ALEX trial demonstrates alectinib's superiority over crizotinib as first-line therapy for ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer, with improved progression-free survival and brain metastasis outcomes. Alectinib achieved a 53% reduction in progression risk and 68.4% one-year progression-free rate compared to crizotinib.
A phase III clinical trial suggests a potential new treatment for patients with advanced EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Dacomitinib delayed cancer growth by 5.5 months compared to gefitinib, but also caused more side effects.
A phase III clinical trial found that alectinib, a next-generation ALK inhibitor, extended the median time to progression by about 15 months compared to crizotinib. Alectinib also caused fewer severe side effects and was more effective in preventing brain metastases.
BU researcher Avrum Spira recognized for his work on early detection of lung cancer using Percepta RNA biomarker, as well as development of new drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). His research has made a direct impact on diagnosis and daily care of patients with lung cancer and COPD in the past 20 years.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a 35-gene signature that indicates higher genetic likelihood of chemotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. This biomarker can help predict relapse and provide a new pharmacologic approach to target chemo-resistant lung cancer.
A new study suggests that 'light' cigarettes have no health benefits and may contribute to the rise of lung adenocarcinoma. The FDA should regulate the use of ventilation holes on cigarettes to reduce the risk of this type of cancer, according to experts.
Lung cancer patients are susceptible to malignant pleural effusion, a build-up of excess fluid that can cause shortness of breath and chest pain. Researchers have discovered a novel mechanism that causes this condition, which could lead to the development of new treatments targeting the KRAS-mutant cancer cells.
The FDA approves brigatinib as a second-line therapy for ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer, demonstrating a 54% response rate and 12.9-month progression-free survival. Brigatinib's longer control duration compared to other next-generation ALK inhibitors suggests its broader spectrum of coverage against resistance mechanisms.
A phase III clinical trial shows gefitinib is effective in preventing recurrence after lung cancer surgery, with patients going about 10 months longer without disease-free survival. The treatment causes far fewer side effects compared to chemotherapy, with only 12% experiencing severe side effects versus 48%.
Researchers developed a prototype drug that directly activates a tumor suppressor protein, preventing lung cancer tumors in mice. The study's findings suggest the potential for broad applicability to various human cancers, including breast, prostate, and childhood cancers.
Lung cancer cells in an invasive pack have specialized roles as leaders and followers, which depend on each other for mobility and survival. The leader-follower symbiosis could be a key target for future treatments aimed at impairing or preventing cancer metastasis.
Researchers discovered that blocking this Wnt pathway prevents tumor growth and prolongs mouse lifespan. Human lung adenocarcinoma samples also showed high levels of Wnt activation.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have engineered a cancer stem cell vaccine that expresses pro-inflammatory protein IL-15 and its receptor to stimulate T cell production. This results in enhanced immune responses against tumors with reduced side effects, offering potential new immunotherapy treatments.
A recent study found that East German women are at a higher risk of death from smoking due to insufficient anti-smoking policies. The researchers forecast a significant increase in mortality rates for these women, mainly due to lung cancer and other smoking-related diseases.
A study published in JAMA found that using a combination of docetaxel and selumetinib did not improve progression-free or overall survival for patients with KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. The treatment had more frequent grade 3 or higher adverse events compared to the placebo group.
A Penn study has identified a new molecular chain of events that highlights novel targets to treat prostate cancer, which also shows promise in treating lung cancer. The research found that PKCε overexpression can cause cancer progression and that blocking CXCL13-CXCR5 molecules may be a new cancer treatment.
A Georgia State University researcher is studying how to reduce tumor growth in lung cancer using a $2.3 million grant. The goal is to identify novel targets for treatment, as tumors become resistant to current therapies and promote new blood vessel formation.
Researchers found that adaptive radiation treatment significantly decreased the incidence of radiation pneumonitis in advanced lung cancer patients, while still slowing and controlling cancer growth. The study also showed no difference in cancer recurrence rates between the two groups.
Researchers found that white blood cell counts at baseline and during therapy predict whether patients will respond to nivolumab treatment. A greater number and concentration of natural killer cells were associated with response to treatment.
Researchers found that certain lung cancer patients can continue treatment with immunotherapy even if the disease appears to be progressing, according to a study presented at ELCC 2017. The study used immune-related RECIST criteria, which take into account temporary tumour enlargement in patients taking immunotherapy.
A new study maps immune system components in early lung cancer, identifying potential targets for immunotherapy and suggesting a possible cure. The research reveals that early lesions are heavily infiltrated with immune cells, making immunotherapy a promising treatment option.
A new analysis reveals heart failure patients experience worse survival rates than prostate cancer and breast cancer survivors, but better outcomes compared to lung cancer and ovarian cancer. The study highlights the continued burden of heart failure as a major public health concern.
Osimertinib significantly reduces lung cancer symptoms, including appetite loss, fatigue, and breathlessness, while improving global health status and enabling patients to perform daily activities. The drug demonstrates better activity, less toxicity, and improved quality of life compared to chemotherapy.
Patients with advanced NSCLC who received pre-treated checkpoint inhibitors had a 27% partial response rate to salvage chemotherapy, compared to 7% in those without pre-treatment. The study's findings suggest that checkpoint inhibitors may render tumor cells more sensitive to chemotherapy.
Dr. Katerina A. Politi has made significant contributions to the understanding and treatment of EGFR mutant lung cancer. Her research has led to a paradigm-shift in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, including the early adoption of molecular profiling.
Researchers tracked lung tumour evolution in real-time to discover unstable chromosomes drive genetic diversity, increasing relapse risk. Circulating tumour DNA analysis reveals potential for personalised treatments to target resistant tumours.
Lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors are at increased risk of adverse events after receiving the seasonal influenza vaccination, according to a new study. The researchers observed an unusual high frequency of immune-related adverse events, including severe grade 3 or 4 irAEs, in this population.
A study by researchers from the University of Georgia found that a spouse's cancer diagnosis results in a significant decline in household income, with men experiencing a 5% reduction and women experiencing a 9% reduction. The caregiver effect plays a crucial role in this decline, as spouses reduce their employment to support each other.