Research on lung cancer detection and treatment. Covers microbial predictors of immunotherapy, MRI detection, microplastics, and RAS-mutant drugs.
A new study has identified 18 genetic variations associated with lung cancer risk and 10 new gene variations. The research, conducted by an international team, used a special research platform called OncoArray to gather genotype data from different studies worldwide.
A new circular RNA marker has been identified in blood and lung tissue, associated with increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. High expression of this marker may improve lung cancer screening and detection at late stages.
Researchers at Dartmouth Health have received a five-year, $12.1 million NIH grant to study and improve the precision of lung cancer risk and screening. The team aims to enhance understanding of gene-environment interactions in lung cancer etiology and translate observations into improved screening eligibility criteria.
A new report finds that nearly half of all cancer deaths in China are attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors. The study reveals that effective public health interventions can have a significant impact on reducing the cancer burden in China.
Research reveals a link between Alzheimer's and lower lung cancer risk due to mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation. A study analyzing over 1000 patient samples identified altered genes and confirmed the protective effect of Alzheimer's against lung cancer.
A new study suggests that lung cancer screening programs targeting high-risk people could reduce costs while saving lives. The research found that focusing on high-risk individuals could reduce the number of people who need to be screened by over 80%, making the program more cost-effective.
Researchers developed an AI-based approach to extract lung nodules from chest CTs, improving diagnosis accuracy and reducing false positives. The method can be integrated into existing CADe systems and accommodate new data streams, potentially increasing the five-year survival rate for lung cancer patients.
Scientists have discovered a new type of immune cell that can predict which lung cancer patients will benefit from immunotherapy treatment. The study found that patients with high levels of tissue-resident memory T-cells in their tumour were more likely to survive, and the cells' behaviour played a key role in increasing survival rates.
Researchers discovered a mechanism that makes lung cancer cells dependent on mutated versions of the p53 gene, opening the potential for new treatments. They also showed that ChK1 inhibitors could effectively stop cancer cell multiplication in patients with gain of function p53 mutations.
Researchers have identified 18 new lung cancer susceptibility loci, including 10 novel ones, in the largest genome-wide association study to date. The study found variation around a subunit of the nicotinic receptor and genes related to telomere function play a significant role in adenocarcinoma risk.
The new clinical guideline provides evidence-based recommendations on the use of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. For medically inoperable patients with high-risk clinical scenarios, SBRT is recommended as an alternative to surgery or salvage therapy.
A new study suggests that the standard dosage for pembrolizumab may be unnecessarily high, with personalized dosing resulting in significant cost savings. The study found that using a weight-based dose of 2 mg/kg instead of the fixed dose of 200 mg could lead to annual savings of $825 million.
The ALEX trial demonstrates alectinib's superiority over crizotinib as first-line therapy for ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer, with improved progression-free survival and brain metastasis outcomes. Alectinib achieved a 53% reduction in progression risk and 68.4% one-year progression-free rate compared to crizotinib.
A phase III clinical trial found that alectinib, a next-generation ALK inhibitor, extended the median time to progression by about 15 months compared to crizotinib. Alectinib also caused fewer severe side effects and was more effective in preventing brain metastases.
A phase III clinical trial suggests a potential new treatment for patients with advanced EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Dacomitinib delayed cancer growth by 5.5 months compared to gefitinib, but also caused more side effects.
BU researcher Avrum Spira recognized for his work on early detection of lung cancer using Percepta RNA biomarker, as well as development of new drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). His research has made a direct impact on diagnosis and daily care of patients with lung cancer and COPD in the past 20 years.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a 35-gene signature that indicates higher genetic likelihood of chemotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. This biomarker can help predict relapse and provide a new pharmacologic approach to target chemo-resistant lung cancer.
A new study suggests that 'light' cigarettes have no health benefits and may contribute to the rise of lung adenocarcinoma. The FDA should regulate the use of ventilation holes on cigarettes to reduce the risk of this type of cancer, according to experts.
Lung cancer patients are susceptible to malignant pleural effusion, a build-up of excess fluid that can cause shortness of breath and chest pain. Researchers have discovered a novel mechanism that causes this condition, which could lead to the development of new treatments targeting the KRAS-mutant cancer cells.
A phase III clinical trial shows gefitinib is effective in preventing recurrence after lung cancer surgery, with patients going about 10 months longer without disease-free survival. The treatment causes far fewer side effects compared to chemotherapy, with only 12% experiencing severe side effects versus 48%.
The FDA approves brigatinib as a second-line therapy for ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer, demonstrating a 54% response rate and 12.9-month progression-free survival. Brigatinib's longer control duration compared to other next-generation ALK inhibitors suggests its broader spectrum of coverage against resistance mechanisms.
Researchers developed a prototype drug that directly activates a tumor suppressor protein, preventing lung cancer tumors in mice. The study's findings suggest the potential for broad applicability to various human cancers, including breast, prostate, and childhood cancers.
Lung cancer cells in an invasive pack have specialized roles as leaders and followers, which depend on each other for mobility and survival. The leader-follower symbiosis could be a key target for future treatments aimed at impairing or preventing cancer metastasis.
A recent study found that East German women are at a higher risk of death from smoking due to insufficient anti-smoking policies. The researchers forecast a significant increase in mortality rates for these women, mainly due to lung cancer and other smoking-related diseases.
Researchers discovered that blocking this Wnt pathway prevents tumor growth and prolongs mouse lifespan. Human lung adenocarcinoma samples also showed high levels of Wnt activation.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have engineered a cancer stem cell vaccine that expresses pro-inflammatory protein IL-15 and its receptor to stimulate T cell production. This results in enhanced immune responses against tumors with reduced side effects, offering potential new immunotherapy treatments.
A study published in JAMA found that using a combination of docetaxel and selumetinib did not improve progression-free or overall survival for patients with KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. The treatment had more frequent grade 3 or higher adverse events compared to the placebo group.
A Georgia State University researcher is studying how to reduce tumor growth in lung cancer using a $2.3 million grant. The goal is to identify novel targets for treatment, as tumors become resistant to current therapies and promote new blood vessel formation.
A Penn study has identified a new molecular chain of events that highlights novel targets to treat prostate cancer, which also shows promise in treating lung cancer. The research found that PKCε overexpression can cause cancer progression and that blocking CXCL13-CXCR5 molecules may be a new cancer treatment.
Researchers found that adaptive radiation treatment significantly decreased the incidence of radiation pneumonitis in advanced lung cancer patients, while still slowing and controlling cancer growth. The study also showed no difference in cancer recurrence rates between the two groups.
A new analysis reveals heart failure patients experience worse survival rates than prostate cancer and breast cancer survivors, but better outcomes compared to lung cancer and ovarian cancer. The study highlights the continued burden of heart failure as a major public health concern.
Osimertinib significantly reduces lung cancer symptoms, including appetite loss, fatigue, and breathlessness, while improving global health status and enabling patients to perform daily activities. The drug demonstrates better activity, less toxicity, and improved quality of life compared to chemotherapy.
Researchers found that white blood cell counts at baseline and during therapy predict whether patients will respond to nivolumab treatment. A greater number and concentration of natural killer cells were associated with response to treatment.
Researchers found that certain lung cancer patients can continue treatment with immunotherapy even if the disease appears to be progressing, according to a study presented at ELCC 2017. The study used immune-related RECIST criteria, which take into account temporary tumour enlargement in patients taking immunotherapy.
A new study maps immune system components in early lung cancer, identifying potential targets for immunotherapy and suggesting a possible cure. The research reveals that early lesions are heavily infiltrated with immune cells, making immunotherapy a promising treatment option.
Patients with advanced NSCLC who received pre-treated checkpoint inhibitors had a 27% partial response rate to salvage chemotherapy, compared to 7% in those without pre-treatment. The study's findings suggest that checkpoint inhibitors may render tumor cells more sensitive to chemotherapy.
Researchers tracked lung tumour evolution in real-time to discover unstable chromosomes drive genetic diversity, increasing relapse risk. Circulating tumour DNA analysis reveals potential for personalised treatments to target resistant tumours.
Dr. Katerina A. Politi has made significant contributions to the understanding and treatment of EGFR mutant lung cancer. Her research has led to a paradigm-shift in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, including the early adoption of molecular profiling.
Lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors are at increased risk of adverse events after receiving the seasonal influenza vaccination, according to a new study. The researchers observed an unusual high frequency of immune-related adverse events, including severe grade 3 or 4 irAEs, in this population.
Researchers found that patients with increased PD-1+ CD8 T cells in their blood after starting treatment experienced better clinical outcomes. The study's results suggest that monitoring activated T cells may help oncologists and patients decide whether to continue or combine treatments.
A study by researchers from the University of Georgia found that a spouse's cancer diagnosis results in a significant decline in household income, with men experiencing a 5% reduction and women experiencing a 9% reduction. The caregiver effect plays a crucial role in this decline, as spouses reduce their employment to support each other.
Rafal Dziadziuszko, a global leader in clinical thoracic oncology, has been awarded the Heine H. Hansen (HHH) Award by ESMO and IASLC for his lifetime contributions to lung cancer research and education globally.
Researchers developed a method to isolate EVs from blood samples, enabling rapid analysis and potential personalized anticancer treatments. The technique uses nanoprobes to capture EVs within 15 minutes, offering an alternative to invasive methods.
As the US HIV population ages, cancer incidence rates for AIDS-defining cancers are expected to decline due to effective treatment with modern antiretroviral therapies. However, frequencies of other cancers such as lung and prostate cancer are projected to increase.
A clinical trial of nivolumab found that 16% of patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer survived at least five years, significantly higher than the standard 1-4% survival rate. Researchers hope to identify specific genetic markers linked to long-term response.
A combination of two drugs targeting molecular pathways controlled by the RAS gene has shown promise in treating RAS-driven lung, ovarian, and thyroid cancers. Patients with heavily treated cancers have experienced long-term clinical benefit from the treatment, including one patient on treatment for over two years.
Researchers used positron emission tomography (PET) to identify genetic cell mutations that cause lung cancer. Advanced image analysis technique, radiomics, non-invasively identified underlying cell mutations in NSCLC patients.
Researchers found that after reirradiation with intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT), the majority of patients were free from local recurrence one year following treatment and few experienced severe side effects. Patients who received a higher dose of radiation had fewer local recurrences and improved progression-free survival.
A blood test analyzing specific biomarkers has been shown to detect lung cancer recurrences an average of six months before conventional imaging methods. This finding suggests that blood tests may be used in conjunction with CT and PET/CT scans to guide personalized treatment planning for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Researchers found a combination of radiation therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors to be effective in controlling tumors in metastatic lung cancer patients. Ten percent experienced severe treatment-related toxicity, but the treatment regimen showed promise for thoracic tumors, with median progression-free survival at 3.8 months.
African Americans and American Indians received less likely to receive potentially curative treatments for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while Asian/Pacific Islanders had better survival rates. Patients who received definitive treatment had improved survival rates, regardless of race, age, or gender.
A new study presents evidence that intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with recurrent lung cancer. The study shows that over three-fourths of patients were free from local recurrence at one year following retreatment, with fewer than one in ten experiencing severe side effects.
Researchers found that SBRT is well-tolerated in elderly patients with early stage lung cancer, offering a viable curative treatment option. Patients who received definitive SBRT had high two-year survival rates of 73% for cancer-specific survival and 57% for overall survival.
A new study shows that even with PD-1 blockade, tumor-specific T cells require CD28 co-stimulation to expand and restore effective immune responses. This finding suggests that only a subset of tumor-specific CD8 T cells will proliferate after PD-1-directed therapy.
A free lung cancer screening in the Augusta area found more than double the cancer rate of previous screenings, with 3% of participants diagnosed with lung cancer. The majority of cases were caught early, with a 90% overall survival rate for those detected before symptoms appeared.
A study of 151 patients with metastatic kidney cancer found that 85 had lung cancer metastasis, but only three had a primary lung cancer tumor that went undiagnosed. This discovery highlights the importance of medical oncologists and radiologists being aware of hidden lung cancers in kidney cancer patients.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have found a genomic biomarker in the nasal passage that can accurately determine lung cancer likelihood. This non-invasive test may spare patients from costly and risky procedures by identifying those at low probability for having lung cancer.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that people who spend time in jails and prisons are more likely to develop certain types of cancer than the general population in Ontario. The study also revealed that these individuals have a higher mortality rate from cancer, particularly for men.
Death rates from cancer are expected to decline faster in men than in women in Europe in 2017, with men predicted to fall by over 8% and women by around 4%. Lung cancer death rates will rise in women, but overall, fewer women than men will die from cancer.
Researchers at Emory University's Winship Cancer Institute have mapped a vast network of interactions between cancer proteins, revealing new ways to target cells with mutations. This approach identified a potential link between FDA-approved drug palbociclib and a commonly mutated gene in lung cancer cells.