Articles tagged with Gastroenterology
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The American Gastroenterological Association recognizes Robert S.andler for his lifelong contributions to gastroenterology and AGA, while C. Richard Boland receives the William Beaumont Prize for his work on Lynch syndrome and colorectal cancer research. The Distinguished Educator Awards are given to Patrick S. Kamath and Charles Melbe...
A simple blood test can predict which chronic hepatitis C patients will respond to interferon-based therapy, according to a recent study. The researchers found that levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the blood predicted treatment response.
The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) highlights notable clinical practice data and basic science research presented at Digestive Disease Week (DDW) 2015. Notable abstracts include fecal microbiota transplantation donors, maximizing endoscopy utilization, and bile acid roles in obesity.
A new special issue of the journal Gastroenterology explores how food affects health and disease, including the gut microbiome, food allergies, and non-celiac wheat sensitivity. The research provides evidence-based summaries to guide clinical recommendations for patients and clinicians.
The study found that the Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir combination achieved an 81.6% SVR4 rate after 12 weeks of treatment and a 93.9% SVR4 rate after 24 weeks, with a 100% SVR4 rate when combined with ribavirin. The treatment was effective in both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients.
Recent studies confirm that NAFLD worsens heart disease and increases serum levels of cardiovascular risk markers. Additionally, a large population sample found a significant association between psychological distress and liver disease mortality. Meanwhile, inpatient mortality for cirrhosis patients has decreased by 41% in the U.S., at...
Natural language processing can help track quality of care at individual provider, service line, and health-care systems levels. The Regenstrief Institute's Center for Biomedical Informatics is utilizing natural language processing to improve care and provide information to those who need it.
Research links non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with increased intestinal permeability, suggesting a 'gut-liver axis' role in its development. The study found that liver injury may precede changes in gut permeability, potentially worsening liver disease.
Women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a higher risk of developing cervical dysplasia and cancer, according to a new study. Researchers found that patients with Crohn's disease had a significantly higher risk of cervical neoplasia, especially those diagnosed at a young age or treated with certain medications.
The American Gastroenterological Association recommends longer surveillance periods and new criteria for surgery to limit unnecessary interventions. The risk of malignancy for pancreatic cysts is low, with most patients having benign cysts.
Researchers have found that IL-33 is a critical messenger triggering changes in the stomach's inflammatory response to H. pylori infection, potentially leading to new therapies targeting gastric damage. Elevated IL-33 levels may be associated with chronic infection and metaplasia.
A new study published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology found that chronic narcotic use is more prevalent in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared to children without the disease. The study also identified factors associated with narcotic use, such as psychological impairment and health-care utilization.
New American Gastroenterological Association guidelines provide guidance on managing HBV reactivation in patients undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapy. The guidelines recommend screening for HBV in patients at moderate or high risk, and consider prophylaxis with anti-hepatitis B therapeutics.
A new study finds that steroid therapy is associated with a nearly five-fold increase in venous thromboembolism events among IBD patients. Corticosteroid use was linked to a higher rate of venous thromboembolic events, even when combined with biologic therapies.
A study found that transoral fundoplication was more effective in eliminating troublesome regurgitation than omeprazole in patients with persistent GERD symptoms. The procedure showed a lower failure rate and better safety profile compared to traditional surgery, making it a promising treatment option.
Researchers have discovered a new signaling intermediate, leukotriene B4, which is synthesized and released by pancreatic acinar cells. This finding provides a potential target for the development of novel therapies for pancreatitis, a common disorder that complicates many ailments.
Researchers found that cathelicidin protein can prevent intestinal fibrosis and scarring in colitis, potentially sparing patients from repeated surgeries. The study used pre-clinical models of disease and human colonic fibroblasts to demonstrate the anti-fibrotic effects of cathelicidin.
Researchers have discovered a link between Sox10 protein defects and post-operative GI dysfunction in Hirschsprung's disease patients. The study found that mutations in the Sox10 gene disrupts the balance of cell types in the intestine, leading to impaired GI motility.
A 24-week course of sofosbuvir and ribavirin prevents HCV recurrence after liver transplantation, with positive outcomes for short- and long-term health. The therapy is effective in 70% of patients, including those with advanced disease.
A new formulation of oral budesonide suspension is safe and effective in treating pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, according to a recent study. The treatment demonstrated remarkable efficacy in reducing eosinophilic inflammation and improving symptoms.
A large cohort study found that women with celiac disease do not report fertility problems more often than women without the condition. However, rates of infertility were slightly higher among women diagnosed with celiac disease at a younger age, likely due to increased concern prompting earlier consultations.
Two new treatments for liver diseases are being explored. A probiotic, VSL#3, has been shown to improve liver function and reduce the risk of hospitalization in patients with cirrhosis. Meanwhile, a fatty acid conjugate called Aramchol has been found to significantly reduce liver fat content in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver di...
A new guideline from the American Gastroenterological Association provides guidance on treatments for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), highlighting the effectiveness of linaclotide and rifaximin. The guidelines also suggest using tricyclic antidepressants, antispasmodics, and other therapies for IBS patients.
A new study suggests fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) can detect all colorectal cancers and 61% of advanced adenomas, similar to colonoscopy screening. FIT may offer a less invasive option for high-risk individuals with familial colorectal cancer.
The study found that over-the-scope clip (OTSC) placement is a safe and effective therapy for closing gastrointestinal (GI) defects. Clinical success rates ranged from 90% for perforations to 73% for leaks, with successful closure of fistulae being less than half the patients.
A new study found that both short and long sleep durations are associated with an increased risk of developing ulcerative colitis. The study, published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, followed over 90% of nurses for biennial questionnaires to examine the association between sleep duration and incident disease.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), leading to the development of novel molecular therapies. Current therapies are often ineffective or have unknown long-term efficacy, but new treatments show promise in treating IBS symptoms.
Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IAFLD) in children is characterized by gradual and often symptomless liver injury, with mortality rates up to 40%. Early enteral feeding and referral to specialized intestinal failure centers are key to prevention and treatment.
Researchers found that taller individuals are less likely to develop esophageal cancer and its precursor, Barrett's esophagus. The study, which included data from 1,000 cases of esophageal cancer and twice as many cases of Barrett's esophagus, consistently demonstrated an inverse association between height and these conditions.
Fecal microbiota transplantation has been proven to be a safe and highly effective treatment for recurrent C. difficile infections, eradicating bacteria in around 90% of cases with good safety profiles. The technique is now officially recognized as an effective treatment for this difficult-to-treat infection.
The US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer released new consensus guidelines highlighting the importance of good bowel cleansing for high-quality colonoscopy. The guidelines aim to reduce missed precancerous lesions and increase patient safety, with an 85% target for adequate cleansing rate.
The American Gastroenterological Association has released a new clinical decision tool to guide gastroenterologists in assessing and treating patients with Crohn's disease. The tool synthesizes current literature to create a practical algorithm for clinicians, providing a pathway for better quality care.
A retrospective single-center study found that restarting infliximab therapy after a drug holiday is safe and effective for IBD patients. The average duration of infliximab holiday was 15 months. Patients who were in remission at the time infliximab was discontinued showed a 78 percent response rate at one year.
A subset of stage III colon cancer patients with CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) showed improved overall survival when treated with irinotecan-based therapy. Patients with CIMP-negative tumors experienced significant harm from the addition of irinotecan, resulting in lower overall survival rates.
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) shows promise in treating a broad range of gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. A new orally delivered community of microbes has been developed to address the challenges of FMT.
The American Gastroenterological Association has awarded seven high school students with grants to support their research projects on digestive diseases. The students will receive up to $2,500 each to conduct research for at least 10 weeks.
A new study published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology found that thiopurine therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may increase the risk of myeloid disorders, including acute myeloid leukemia. The study analyzed data from over 19,000 IBD patients and found a seven-fold increased risk among those taking thiopurines.
The US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer recommends genetic testing of tumors for all newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients with a familial risk of the disease. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome and direct management for affected individuals, as well as family members.
Gastroenterology and Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology journals received record-high impact factors, with Gastroenterology having the highest at 13.9. The journals' commitment to disseminating top clinical research is recognized by the GI community.
A new study finds that statin use significantly reduces the risk of developing Barrett's esophagus, with the greatest effect seen in obese patients. Those with a body mass index greater than or equal to 30 had a 74 percent reduction in Barrett's esophagus odds.
A new study found that dietary elimination therapy is an effective treatment for adults with eosinophilic esophagitis, with 71 percent of patients experiencing symptom improvement. The most common triggers were dairy and eggs, and adding them back to the diet after a six-week period showed promising results.
The ESPGHAN statement provides practical guidance on PEG tube placement and care, emphasizing the safety and effectiveness of this procedure for children with feeding and nutrition problems. The decision to insert a PEG tube should be made by a team experienced in carrying out the procedure.
A toolbox has been created to assist gastroenterology training directors in meeting ACGME Internal Medicine Subspecialty Reporting Milestones requirements. The toolkit includes 13 core tasks, or entrustable professional activities, that define the work of gastroenterologists and hepatologists.
Two studies published in Gastroenterology found that antiviral therapy can reduce the risk of liver cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Younger patients with minimal liver damage and those treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues showed a significant reduction in liver cancer risk.
A growing number of colorectal cancer deaths in Europe necessitates an increase in nurse endoscopy training, with regular screening reducing the risk by 20-30%. UEG and ESGENA are working together to standardize training requirements and improve workforce availability.
A new phase 2 study found that the enzyme ALV003 reduces gluten-induced injury to the small intestine, decreasing gastrointestinal symptoms in celiac disease patients. The treatment was well-tolerated and appeared to be effective in reducing damage caused by low levels of gluten.
A new study published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology found that probiotics can modify the gut microbiota to prevent hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The researchers discovered that probiotic supplementation was not associated with any side effects, suggesting a safer treatment option.
The AGA Institute published a special issue on the intestinal microbiome, exploring its role in maintaining human health and developing certain diseases. The research focuses on basic concepts, gut microbiome and disease interactions, and modification of the microbiome to maintain health or treat disease.
The American Gastroenterological Association has awarded several distinguished individuals for their lifetime contributions to the field of gastroenterology. Nicholas F. LaRusso, MD, AGAF, received the Julius Friedenwald Medal, while John A. Williams, MD, PhD, was honored with the Distinguished Achievement Award for his major research ...
A pilot study found that a vibrating capsule increased spontaneous bowel movements and decreased constipation symptoms in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) and C-IBS. The capsule uses mechanical stimulation to mimic the body's natural physiology, avoiding common side effects of medication.
At DDW 2014, researchers presented cutting-edge data on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapies and the impact of the gut microbiome on digestive health. The AGA Institute showcased its latest advances in GI research, including new treatments for pancreatic cancer and colorectal polyps.
The American Gastroenterological Association has awarded fellowships to 10 minority college students to further their research careers in digestive disease and nutrition. The 2014 AGA Investing in the Future Student Research Fellowship Award recipients will conduct eight to 10 weeks of research related to digestive diseases or nutrition.
The American College of Physicians has launched a High Value Care Coordination Toolkit to improve communication between primary care doctors and gastroenterologists. The toolkit includes data sets and guidelines for referrals, aiming to reduce unnecessary tests and delays in care.
The American Gastroenterological Association has developed a framework for a colonoscopy bundled payment model, which provides a structure for physicians and facilities to negotiate payment. The model includes services and supplies provided before, during, and after the procedure, aiming to improve quality and value of care.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have discovered a specific genetic defect in the SCN5A gene that causes disruption in bowel function, leading to irritable bowel syndrome. This breakthrough finding has given researchers hope of developing disease-modifying agents to treat IBS.
A University at Buffalo study found that IBS patients' health perceptions are more closely tied to non-biomedical factors such as social relationships and fatigue than the severity of their gastrointestinal symptoms. The study, which included 234 IBS patients, suggests that addressing these underlying issues could lead to improved clin...
IBS patients exhibit imbalanced gut microbiota composition and altered digestive functions. A low-fiber diet rich in FODMAPs can exacerbate symptoms, while a balanced Western diet with low FODMAP content may improve IBS symptoms.
A healthy diet rich in vegetables, salads, and fruits, as well as fermented dairy products containing probiotics, can help maintain digestive health. Probiotics also have beneficial effects at all stages of life, including the very early ones, supporting disease prevention and treatment in children and immunocompromised individuals.
The American Gastroenterological Association highlights significant new colorectal cancer (CRC) research in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Gastroenterology. Studies reveal the impact of patient factors on colonoscopy preparation quality, as well as the relationship between dietary fiber intake and reduced CRC risk.
The REACT clinical trial found that an accelerated step-care approach can improve the management of Crohn's disease by inducing remission, reducing corticosteroid use, and healing intestinal ulcers. This new strategy involves early introduction of combined immunosuppression in high-risk patients.