Articles tagged with Memory T Cells
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Researchers at Yale University discovered a critical protein pair that maintains T cell quiescence, keeping immune systems healthy. Without this resting state, T cells die, making hosts more susceptible to infections and cancer.
A groundbreaking study has discovered that the cornea produces a delicate immune response to fight viral infections without damaging vision. Long-living memory T cells have been found patrolling and fighting viral infections in the cornea, upending previous thought on T cell presence in healthy corneas.
Studies found people infected and vaccinated had similarly robust antibody responses against variants alpha through omicron; Immune memory cells against common cold coronaviruses may be markers of longer immunity. Researchers hope to improve vaccines with these insights.
Researchers found that COPD leads to premature senescence of the immune system, reducing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This disruption impairs the immune system, making COPD patients more susceptible to infections.
Researchers found that a single mRNA vaccine booster shot can provide the same level of protection as three doses, making it a promising investment for resource-poor countries. The study suggests that this strategy could benefit billions of people worldwide and help combat emerging COVID-19 variants.
A new study by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators found that T cells' genetic program and developmental path affect their response to immunotherapy. The results suggest that infiltrating T cells don't all meet the same fate in every tumor, with long-lived memory programs correlating strongly with overall survival
Researchers successfully reprogrammed non-controllers' CD8+ T cells to acquire properties of natural HIV controllers, enabling them to suppress viral load and survive without exhaustion. This breakthrough could lead to a cell therapy strategy for achieving HIV remission, with potential applications in cancer treatments.
Researchers found a 1000-fold increase in skin microbiota and larger lesions after smallpox vaccination, but all groups had equal protection from re-infection. The study suggests that manipulating commensal skin microbiota might enhance the efficacy of intradermal vaccines.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have discovered that tissue-resident memory T cells are crucial for recognizing tumor cells in ovarian cancer. These T cells arise from circulating T cells and undergo a differentiation process to target cancer cells, providing a potential roadmap for improved immunotherapy options.
Researchers found that vaccine-induced T cells remain stable for up to 15 months after vaccination or infection, recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This long-lasting immune response is crucial in supporting the development of antibodies against the virus.
Scientists have identified a clear genetic signature of Parkinson's disease in people's memory T cells, which could lead to new therapies and diagnostics. The study found that targeting these genes may help stop T cells from attacking brain cells in Parkinson's.
New study reveals that T-cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can predict protection against infection. In healthy individuals, T cells with a specific cytokine profile offered immunity against COVID-19. In contrast, cancer patients showed lower T-cell responses and increased susceptibility to infection.
Researchers found that interleukin-2 promotes the development of two subsets of CD8 T cells, one producing IL-2 and the other not, with distinct fates. The IL-2-producing cells develop into immune memory cells with long-term protection, while the non-IL-2-producing cells gain effector traits but lose memory formation.
A study has identified specific signaling pathways that determine when immune cells develop into long-lived protective T cells. The researchers found a distinct molecular signature of these memory cells, which helps to unravel the complex way in which immunological memory is formed and maintained.
Four COVID-19 vaccines prompt the body to make effective, long-lasting T cells against SARS-CoV-2. These T cells can recognize variants of concern, including Delta and Omicron. Fully vaccinated people have fewer memory B cells and neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet found that memory T cells formed after previous infection or mRNA vaccination can still recognize the omicron variant, suggesting protection against severe disease. The study also suggests booster immunization may provide benefits beyond neutralizing antibodies.
A new graft strategy has reduced chronic graft-versus-host disease in leukemia patients by depleting naïve T cells from donor blood. The approach has shown promising results, with only 7% of patients developing chronic GVHD compared to 30-60% with standard treatment.
Researchers discovered that infections improve the production and function of naïve T cells, the body's first line of defense against disease. This mechanism involves interleukin 7 and MHC molecules, which signal naïve T cells to stay alive and receive optimal metabolic signals.
Researchers found that CD4+ T lymphocytes — immune system cells — produced by people who received COVID-19 vaccines persisted at high levels six months after vaccination, with a significant response against the delta variant. The study also showed that vaccine-elicited fighters recognize and help attack coronavirus delta variant.
Researchers have discovered a new target for COVID-19 vaccines that could complement existing vaccines by inducing an immune response against 'replication proteins', essential for the viral cycle. The approach may lead to the creation of a pan-coronaviruses vaccine protecting against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses.
A new study reveals that memory T helper cells can work with memory B cells to effectively defend the body against chronic viruses. This finding has direct relevance to developing new vaccines for HIV and hepatitis C, as it suggests a more sustained immune response.
A new study by Boston Children's Hospital researchers found that tissue-resident memory T cells in joints anchor themselves after a flare and wait for another trigger to react. Deleting these cells prevents arthritis flares from occurring, opening up new therapeutic avenues for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
A study of young Swedish adults found that over one in four had SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, but fewer had measurable levels of memory B and T cells compared to other age groups. The researchers will continue to study long COVID and vaccination effects on immunity.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine report that children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have normal T cell responses to the COVID-19 virus, contrary to previous hypotheses. This suggests that MIS-C may not be caused by an abnormal immune response to the virus.
Researchers comprehensively review T-cell responses to respiratory viral infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), highlighting key characteristics of peptide-reactive T-cells. The review aims to improve understanding of the underlying mechanisms, leading to more effective immune protection and treatment methods.
A novel population of long-lived T cells, called 'lymph node resident memory T cells,' provides protection against melanoma by persisting in lymph nodes. These cells were found to counteract melanoma spreading in mice and predicted better outcomes for human melanoma patients with lymph node metastases.
CD8+ T cell priming in the spleen generates long-lived, stem-like memory T cells with enhanced ability to differentiate into T effector cells. Spleen-primed T cells have superior capacity to respond to rechallenge infection and expand into infection-fighting T effector cells.
New research in monkeys reveals T cell depletion does not induce severe disease. Despite this, strongly depleted macaques still develop potent memory responses to a second infection. The study's findings suggest antibody responses are more critical for protection by vaccination.
The article highlights the advantages of intranasal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, including needle-free administration and elicitation of mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract. Researchers argue that this approach may be more effective than traditional intramuscular vaccinations, offering a broader range of protection.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology report that T cells can be engineered to clear tumors without succumbing to T cell exhaustion. Altering CAR T cells to overexpress BATF boosts the 'effector' program, making T cells better against solid tumors.
Most COVID-19 patients develop and maintain T cell memory for over 10 months, suggesting effective long-term immunity. The study provides new insights into vaccine development by revealing the self-renewal capacity and multipotency of memory T cells.
Researchers developed a new technology to detect a wider range of T cells recognizing coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 patients with mild disease have more killer T cells capable of recognizing conserved epitopes across all coronaviruses.
Gladstone researchers have identified specific subsets of CD4+ T cells that are most susceptible to HIV infection. The team used a technology called CyTOF/PP-SLIDE to classify these cells and found that remodeling caused infected blood cells to alter their surface, potentially helping the virus infect more cells.
A subset of T cells, known as memory T cells, can persist for years in melanoma patients with durable responses to immunotherapy. Researchers identified a new subset of resident memory (TRM) cells that localize to patient skin and tumor and make high levels of the cytokine interferon gamma.
Non-circulating memory T cells play a crucial role in chronic transplant rejection by providing local protection against re-infection and causing prolonged immune responses. Targeting these cells could improve clinical transplant outcomes while preserving the immune system's ability to fight off infections.
Researchers have developed a new imaging technique that allows them to visualize immune T cells in three dimensions, revealing specialized niches that determine their function. The study identifies avenues for therapeutically targeting effector and memory cells, which could lead to improved vaccine strategies.
Immunologists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have mapped the biological machinery that generates T cells to kill bacteria, viruses, and tumor cells. The study reveals mechanisms that inhibit development of long-lived memory T cells, which can be blocked with pharmacological or genetic approaches to boost protective immunity.
A new study reveals that people with severe COVID-19 cases have stronger long-term immunity due to a higher number of protective memory T cells. In contrast, those with milder cases may experience T cell exhaustion, which can hinder their ability to build long-term immunity.
A recent study found that pregnancy causes the immune system to become sensitized to transplanted organs, particularly those from the father of the child, while becoming tolerant to the fetus. This paradoxical effect increases the risk of transplant rejection.
A potential preventative treatment for Crohn's disease has been demonstrated using a triple-punch treatment to remove T memory cells and increase T regulatory cells, preventing colitis in both mouse models and patient cells. This treatment approach may offer a new immunotherapy to prevent or ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered that blocking OX40L and CD30L, two key immune molecules, is crucial to preventing asthma attacks. The study shows how these molecules contribute to inflammation in the lungs during an allergic reaction.
Researchers at Technical University of Munich found that memory T cells form earlier in the immune response than previously believed, contrary to current scientific opinion. This discovery has significant implications for vaccine development and could lead to improved vaccines with increased long-term effectiveness.
A research team from Chinese Academy of Sciences proposes an innovative immune cocktail therapy combining ICT with other approaches to enhance cancer treatment. The therapy achieves anti-tumor effects by enhancing T cell priming, killing tumor cells, and generating immune memory T cells.
Scientists discovered a key transcription factor regulating T cell survival and immunological memory. Overexpressing this factor in CAR-T cells improved therapy efficiency for cancer treatments. Improved therapies could benefit patients with B cell lymphoma and other diseases.
Researchers have discovered that innate T cells, responsible for biodefense, share the same developmental pathway despite having distinct functions. This finding has significant implications for immunotherapy using MAIT and gamma-delta T cells to treat various diseases.
Researchers discovered a type of long-lived immune cell that can provoke chronic inflammation in IBD patients, leading to abdominal pain and damage. The inflammatory T RM cell subtype may also escape into the bloodstream, affecting other parts of the body.
Researchers found that mild COVID-19 cases can elicit robust memory T cell responses, even in the absence of detectable virus-specific antibody responses. These responses may play a significant role in preventing recurrent episodes of severe disease.
A new study suggests that exposure to common cold coronaviruses can teach the immune system to recognize SARS-CoV-2, potentially leading to milder or more severe COVID-19 symptoms. The research found that memory helper T cells recognizing common cold coronaviruses also recognized matching sites on SARS-CoV-2.
Studies found cross-reactive T cell epitopes in unexposed individuals, suggesting a potential for pre-existing immunity. The discovery sheds light on the mechanisms behind natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Researchers found that recovered COVID-19 patients and even those infected with SARS 17 years ago possess virus-specific memory T cells, indicating long-lasting immunity. This discovery could lead to better understanding of cross-reactive immunity and potential therapeutic use of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells.
Researchers at Salk Institute discovered that lung-resident killer T cells can recognize second viral infections without relying on dendritic cells, providing a new paradigm for vaccine development. This finding may lead to superior immunity against respiratory viruses.
Researchers found activated T cells in brain tissue of MS patients, indicating local inflammation is driving the disease. This discovery supports the idea that white blood cells on the outside of the brain no longer influence the disease in advanced stages.
Researchers discovered that T cells respond differently to immune signals based on their 'training', revealing a continuum of memory experience. This spectrum affects how fast a cell can respond and what signals it can respond to.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center developed a combination therapy that reprograms effector T cells into persistent central memory T cells capable of self-renewal and effective cancer cell killing. This approach addresses the persistence challenge in cellular therapies, increasing their effectiveness.
Researchers have discovered that T follicular helper cells can persist for at least 400 days after infection, supporting antibody production even in late stages. This finding opens up new prospects for creating long-term acquired immunity through vaccination strategies.
A new study from Penn researchers reveals that the molecular mechanisms of newly formed precursor T cells drive transformation into exhausted T cells. The discovery could help identify patients who may benefit from specific treatments, such as checkpoint inhibitors.
The study found that almost complete immune capacity in the gut had developed as early as 14 weeks, with cells from both innate and adaptive immune systems present. This discovery could lead to the development of new maternal vaccines and a better understanding of the risk of autoimmune diseases.
Researchers found that patients with non-small cell lung cancer who develop checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis have higher levels of memory T cells in their lungs compared to those without the condition. The study also identified decreased levels of regulatory T cells, which may lead to new ways to treat this complication.
Researchers found that memory T cells in bone marrow enriched with fat tissue protected mice from bacterial infections and tumors when fed restricted diets. The study suggests how the immune system may have evolved to survive limited food availability.
Research found that T-cells dominate advanced plaques and a subtype of T-cells, called CD4-positive effector memory cells, are more common in patients who have previously had a stroke or mini-stroke. This localized inflammation may be targeted by new immune therapies to reduce heart attack and stroke risk.