Articles tagged with Gene Expression
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A team of researchers discovered that people with Down syndrome have altered white matter insulation in their brains, affecting nerve transmission. This finding may lead to new treatments for DS patients and has implications for other developmental disabilities like autism.
A new study found that differences in gene expression patterns in youth can predict longevity. Genes involved in energy production are less active, leading to longer lifespan. Researchers also discovered a potential link between mitochondrial function and longevity.
Scientists have identified three previously unknown subgroups of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), a group of immune cells crucial for maintaining the barrier function of mucosa. This discovery was made possible by single-cell RNA sequencing, which allowed researchers to analyze gene expression across thousands of genes.
Researchers have discovered that complex brain divisions in vertebrates evolved before the emergence of jaws, contradicting previous assumptions. The study found similarities between jawless fish and jawed vertebrates in brain development patterns.
A Penn study shows that knocking out a key gene during development accelerates aging and shortens lifespan by two thirds in mice, but delaying the deletion until after birth eliminates this effect. The findings highlight the need to understand the role of clock genes during development.
Researchers demonstrate selective gene delivery to modified upper motor neurons, showing promise for future gene replacement therapies. The study provides evidence that targets diseased cells with high specificity, laying the groundwork for effective treatment strategies.
Researchers found that an FDA-approved blood pressure drug reduced cell damage linked to Alzheimer's disease. The study supports the potential effect of other Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for early treatment.
A team of international scientists has identified a mechanism for chromatin-remodeller enzymes to regulate gene expression in embryonic stem cells. By mapping the location of these enzymes across the genome, researchers found that they bind to specific nucleosomes before gene sequences, controlling access to critical DNA regions.
A study published in Neurology found that individuals with higher BDNF protein levels had slower cognitive decline than those with lower levels. The researchers discovered a 50% reduction in cognitive decline for those in the highest 10% of protein expression compared to the lowest 10%.
A new study examined the early expression of genetic risk for schizophrenia in adolescence, finding associations between psychopathological features and increased risk. The research, published in JAMA Psychiatry, highlights the importance of monitoring genetic risk factors during critical developmental periods.
A new study from the University of Minnesota Academic Health Center found DNA imprinting defects in children with osteosarcoma and their parents. The researchers suggest that these defects may be a cause of the disease's pathobiology, and could lead to targeted treatments using DNA- and chromatin-modifying drugs.
Researchers discovered brief opportunities for recovery from chronic stress by altering gene expression, enabling neural circuitry changes. The brain retains the ability to change and adapt, even under repeated stress.
Scientists discovered a cellular mechanism that allows herpes simplex virus to reactivate in neurons, triggered by stress. The virus uses a protein pathway called JNK to escape the neuron's repressive environment and cause disease.
Researchers found that moving from forest to urban habitats affects epigenetic patterns of the immune response, while historical lifestyles impact development and physical characteristics. These findings suggest a significant influence of environment on epigenetics and potential risks for autoimmune diseases.
Researchers investigate how early life stress affects gene expression and increases cardiovascular risk in young adults. Longitudinal study analysis reveals persistent methylation changes associated with childhood trauma and ACEs.
Researchers found that group B streptococcus mutations can promote virulence in infants, particularly after the first few days of life. The study identified specific genomic changes associated with increased virulence, highlighting the need for better therapeutic interventions against neonatal GBS infections.
A nine-gene molecular prognostic index (MPI) provides accurate survival stratification for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The MPI combines gene expression profiles with clinical data from a large database, enabling robust and clinically applicable predictions.
Research identifies a key trouble spot in the brain that contributes to intellectual disability in Down syndrome, shedding light on disrupted brain networks. The study suggests therapies targeting these networks may be beneficial for future treatments.
Researchers at the University of Montreal successfully block apoC-III gene expression, demonstrating significant decreases in triglyceride levels. This breakthrough could lead to precise interventions for severe hypertriglyceridemia, reducing cardiovascular risks.
The study reveals how lysine acetylation in histone tails influences gene activity by altering their structure. This modification makes DNA molecules more accessible to effector proteins, leading to increased gene expression.
A new bioinformatics approach has been developed to identify associations between molecules from vast data sources, resulting in more accurate results than current methods. This technique improves the detection of genes related to lipid metabolism by 15% on a mouse nutritional study.
Researchers discovered that chromosomal abnormalities in human embryos can be predicted within the first 30 hours of development. This finding could improve IVF success rates, which have hovered around 30-35 percent worldwide. By analyzing a single cell level, they identified 12 genes that are activated prior to the first cell division.
Danitza Nébor, a Jackson Laboratory postdoctoral associate, is driven by her personal connection to sickle-cell disease. She searches for genetic modifiers to reduce the severity of the disease in patients with two copies of the sickle-cell gene.
Researchers at the Institute of Food Research discovered how Salmonella bacteria synchronize gene expression for invasion. They found that RpoS, DksA and ppGpp work together to coordinate the deployment of SPI1 and SPI2.
A new method using Droplet Digital PCR Technology enables rapid determination of chromosomal phase of allelic markers hundreds of kilobases apart, providing insights into disease cause and severity. This technology overcomes challenges of current phasing methods, allowing researchers to quickly and affordably determine haplotype data.
Researchers successfully reversioned a bird's skull features to mimic small dinosaurs like Velociraptor and Archaeopteryx. This breakthrough sheds light on the molecular underpinnings of an important evolutionary transition, revealing a single genetic mechanism responsible for transforming beak structure.
A nine-week relaxation response training program improved symptoms and gene expression in patients with IBS and IBD. The study found significant improvements in disease-related symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life, with changes in the expression of nearly 200 genes in IBS patients and over 1,000 genes in IBD patients.
Researchers mapped human genes triggered by soy phytonutrients, revealing a complex role in breast cancer prevention and promotion. Soy flour stimulates tumor-suppressing genes, while purified isoflavones stimulate oncogenes, promoting tumor growth.
Researchers examined muscle physiology in deer mice from high and low-altitude habitats, revealing heritable differences in energy metabolism and muscle plasticity. Genetic changes associated with increased oxidative capacity and blood supply enabled improved fitness under hypoxic conditions.
A new human respiratory tissue model, MucilAir, has been shown to maintain normal biochemical processes for at least six months. The model is suitable for testing the impact of repeated exposures over a prolonged period, making it a valuable tool for assessing the toxicological effects of inhaled chemicals and safety of medicines.
A study by University College London researchers discovered that male birds with physical ornaments tend to have genomes with mildly negative mutations. This leads to reduced fitness in their descendants. The study focused on the Galloanserae bird group, analyzing genetic material from various species.
A study published in Cell Reports identified RBFox2 as a critical protein in the progression from weakened heart muscle to heart failure. The researchers found that reduced RBFox2 expression coincides with weakening of the heart muscle, suggesting a causal role in heart failure.
Christophe Lavelle's research combines biophysics with genome compaction and gene expression to improve cooking techniques. The study of molecular gastronomy reveals the physical and chemical processes involved in food preparation and consumption, leading to healthier eating habits and more delicious meals.
A study led by Dr. Howard Steiger found that individuals with anorexia nervosa exhibit disorder-relevant alterations in DNA methylation, affecting emotional reactions, physiological functions, and behaviors. Early treatment is crucial to prevent chronicity of the illness.
A new study by Johns Hopkins researchers links the Notch cell signaling pathway to pilocytic astrocytoma, a common and slow-growing brain tumor in children. The study found that Notch was abnormally active in nearly all samples of PA brain tissue, suggesting it may be a therapeutic target for treatment.
The discovery of pALTINK4a/b in naked mole rats could explain their resistance to cancer. The protein is better at stopping cells from dividing than the human version of the INK4 gene locus, which only encodes three proteins.
A University of Colorado study finds alterations in expression of PIK3R3 and PTEN genes in young-adult Ewing Sarcoma, commonly observed in adult tumors. These findings could lead to adapted therapeutic strategies for adult cancers to treat Ewing Sarcoma.
Researchers at Henry Ford Hospital identified a gene that may contribute to keloid scar development. The study found altered AHNAK gene expression in keloid tissue, suggesting a potential target for novel treatments.
A new statistical method for RNA-seq analysis has identified and corrected for hidden structure between cells, revealing new subtypes that may have distinct functions. This breakthrough allows researchers to create more accurate gene-expression profiles and explore cell types in cancers and diseases.
The Damon Runyon-Rachleff Innovation Award funds novel approaches to fighting cancer, enabling exceptionally creative thinkers to develop high-risk/high-reward ideas that lack preliminary data. The awardees have the potential to significantly impact cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Researchers found that exposure to diesel exhaust for just two hours can alter DNA methylation, changing the expression of approximately 400 genes. This epigenetic shift can have long-term effects on health, even without noticeable symptoms.
The study found that the Nordic diet reduced inflammation-associated gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue, even in overweight individuals. This suggests a possible link between diet and improved metabolic health.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have successfully used electromagnetic waves to remotely control insulin production in diabetic mice, opening up new possibilities for treating diseases. The system, dubbed radiogenetics, uses a natural iron storage particle and heat-activated ion channel to trigger gene expression in cells.
Researchers found associations between extraversion and pro-inflammatory genes, as well as conscientiousness and reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression. These findings support the idea that personality traits influence health and longevity.
A new statistical model developed by WPI's Patrick Flaherty allows better identification of different cell types found in solid tumors, enabling more targeted treatment options. The GLAD model accurately predicted the fractions of various subtypes in glioblastoma tumors and has potential applications in breast cancer treatment.
Researchers found that microglia cells in autism brains are perpetually activated and their genes for inflammation responses are turned on. The study is the largest so far of gene expression in autism brains, analyzing data from 104 brain samples.
A study found that cancer's gene-control system is disordered, allowing tumors to adapt and evade therapy. The disorder in methylation patterns - a process controlling gene expression - contributes to cancer progression and heterogeneity.
A study found that high sugar diets in male fruit flies can cause obesity in their offspring through epigenetic changes affecting gene expression. Researchers also discovered a similar system regulating obesity susceptibility in mice and humans.
The NIST 'erccdashboard' tool evaluates experimental methods used to study gene expression, ensuring reproducibility and reliability. The dashboard provides a standardized approach for analyzing gene expression data, allowing researchers to assess technical performance and prevent erroneous conclusions.
A new study from the University of Chicago found that female birds' color vision is essential for mate selection and sexual dimorphism. The research, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, suggests that the expression of a specific opsin gene is linked to the evolution of colorful plumage in males.
Researchers have determined that the yellow fever virus replicates primarily in the liver, causing significant damage to liver cells. This knowledge could help identify an earlier clinical outcome measure of disease severity, enabling doctors to provide more aggressive supportive care for patients.
Researchers have discovered that the yellow fever virus replicates primarily in the liver, causing significant damage to liver cells. A new clinical parameter has been identified, which could help manage cases of yellow fever, allowing for earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers found age-related differences in DNA methylation in 8% of genome sites, but most changes did not affect cellular function. A small subset of methylation changes were associated with altered gene expression and pulse pressure.
The review article explores the therapeutic advantages of phosphorothioate groups in oligonucleotides, enabling novel gene expression-regulation therapies. Novel applications include microRNA and long non-coding RNA targets and decoy oligonucleotides.
Scientists have identified a new therapeutic target, Mpl, which could lead to the development of novel treatments for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The study found that reducing the expression of Mpl in laboratory models can prevent the development of mutant JAK2 disease.
New research suggests that differences in DNA methylation patterns and gene activity established in the womb underpin the link between birth size and disease risk. The study found that being overweight at birth may be better than being underweight for future health.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine have devised a new way to edit the genome without using enzymes or promoters, which may lead to a safer and longer-lasting treatment for genetic diseases like hemophilia. The technique successfully cured mice with hemophilia by inserting a gene for a clotting factor missing in the animals.
Researchers create a fluorescent tag that identifies bone-producing cells in human fat, yielding more than twice the yield of potential bone-makers compared to another method. The extracted cells produce significant amounts of bone matrix and show promise for regenerative therapies.
Researchers identified over 4000 genes with differing expression profiles between VS cells and normal Schwann cells, including the aberrant PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Testing compounds BEZ235 and PKI-587 reduced tumor cell viability and increased cell death.
A Massachusetts General Hospital study analyzed circulating tumor cells and found increased expression of extracellular matrix genes, which could be a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. The study also identified distinct classes of pancreatic CTCs with unique gene expression patterns.