Articles tagged with Gene Expression
New research challenges traditional idea about relationship between alcohol use and brain size, suggesting that reduced brain volume may represent a genetically-conferred predispositional risk factor for heavier alcohol consumption. Longitudinal and family data from three independent brain imaging studies confirm this association.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open reveals that analyzing gene expression in tumor cells can reveal new targets for therapy in pediatric cancer patients. The study found that 68% of children with cancer showed potential for treatment through gene expression analysis, compared to 46% who responded to DNA mutation analysis.
A recent study found that acetate, a byproduct of alcohol metabolism, affects the brain's memory system and contributes to cravings. The research team discovered that alcohol metabolism impacts histone acetylation in the hippocampus, leading to increased gene expression and memory formation.
Researchers at the University of Arizona discovered that cellular sleep has different levels, with too deep sleep leading to shutdown. They found that manipulating gene expression patterns could slow aging by adjusting cellular recycling function.
Researchers analyzed brain samples from two mutant HD gene positive individuals and found massive inflammation and similar gene expression patterns in the striatum compared to the prefrontal cortex. Unique patterns were also observed in the striatum, suggesting active neurogenesis during the disease process.
Researchers discovered unique brain cell types specific to male and female mice in the hypothalamus region, which governs aggression and mating behaviors. The study found 17 distinct cell types, with some abundant in males and others only in females.
Researchers discovered a genetic mechanism that promotes cocaine craving during prolonged abstinence, increasing the likelihood of relapse. The study found that gene expression changes in response to chromatin remodeler INO80 and E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM3, facilitating drug-craving behavior.
A study of stickleback fish found that male parental care is accompanied by changes in gene activity in the brain, similar to those experienced by mammals. The researchers identified genes associated with mothering and aggression, suggesting a molecular link between fish and mammal parents.
A recent study published in Aging Cell has discovered that human aging processes may actually hinder the development of cancer. In most human tissues, aging-related gene expression changes are contrary to those found in cancer, suggesting a protective effect on cell growth.
Researchers found that levels of filarial antigens increase after treatment in individuals with adverse events, suggesting a host response to dying parasites. Gene expression analysis also identified elevated levels of immune molecules and 744 genes involved in immune signaling in those with adverse events.
Researchers at the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown discovered that the brain's circadian clock controls the function of immune cells in the gut, which are crucial for maintaining gut health. Disrupting this clock leads to reduced immune cell numbers, severe inflammation, and increased fat accumulation.
A new study reveals that psychopathic violent offenders exhibit abnormal expression of genes and immune-response-related molecular pathways, which have also been linked to autism. The findings suggest that targeting the opioid system could be a feasible treatment approach for psychopathy.
Researchers studied nanoparticle uptake in human stem cells and found minor effects on gene expression. The nanoparticles were encapsulated in lysosomes, ensuring their storage and preventing cell damage.
Researchers discovered a group of genes whose activity was associated with longevity in response to various interventions. The study used mice as a model organism and identified biomarkers that could facilitate the search for new longevity interventions.
Researchers developed a simple, high-throughput protocol to assess the maturation of hepatic-like cells (HPCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells. The protocol enables quick assessment of stem cell differentiation efficacy and helps optimize differentiation conditions for regenerative medicine.
Researchers have developed a novel chemical treatment that can segregate X-bearing sperm from Y-bearing sperm, enabling dramatic alteration of the sex ratio in offspring. This technique has potential for simplifying sex selection in human assisted reproduction and artificial insemination.
Researchers at the University of California San Diego have developed a groundbreaking system for determining gene expression based on machine learning. The new method leverages chromatin biology and molecular features to identify expressible genes with high accuracy, providing a genetic 'Rosetta Stone' for biologists.
Researchers have found that gene expression patterns in the brain are highly disrupted in people with schizophrenia, suggesting a link to the disease's molecular mechanisms. The study's findings could help researchers better understand schizophrenia and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Scientists have developed a new computational method that reveals genetic patterns in individual cells, enabling the diagnosis of specific genetic defects and potentially rectifying them with CRISPR. This breakthrough advances precision medicine by providing personalized treatment options for patients with unexplained infertility.
Short periods of social isolation can lead to significant changes in neuronal remodeling and gene expression in forebrain regions involved in higher-order cognition. These neurogenomic changes may influence brain health and the processing and perception of experience.
Researchers discovered genome-wide variations in gene expression between females and males in mammalian species. The study revealed hundreds of conserved sex-biased gene expressions contributing to differences in traits.
A study found that women tend to procrastinate due to a genetic predisposition towards high dopamine levels, which affects brain regions involved in decision-making and impulse control. This trait is not observed in men, who show no correlation between the tyrosine hydroxylase gene and action control.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have developed a new method to divide patients with ulcerative colitis into two groups based on conserved gene expression across species. The study found that 87% of patients in one group responded poorly to treatment, while 60% in the other group showed improvement.
A new study by McGill's Goodman Cancer Research Centre uncovers novel microRNA polycistron functions and their impact on cancer. Researchers discovered a mysterious step in microRNA biogenesis that occurs in cell nuclei, shedding light on the role of microRNAs in cancer.
A new study reveals that the complement system, part of the innate immune system, plays a protective role in slowing retinal degeneration in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. The research suggests that the complement system helps to clear away dead cells and maintain homeostasis in the retina.
A team of researchers delivered a therapeutic gene to the spinal canal of infant rhesus monkeys, resulting in sustained expression of the alpha-I-iduronidase enzyme. The study's findings suggest a promising approach for treating severe forms of neuropathic storage diseases.
Researchers at Saint Louis University found that low levels of the hormone adropin predict increased weight gain and metabolic dysregulation in male monkeys fed a high-sugar diet. Adropin regulates glucose and fat metabolism, and its expression is controlled by biological clocks.
A study published in Experimental Physiology found that short-sleepers have lower blood levels of three microRNAs, which influence gene expression and maintain vascular health. This could lead to new tests for sleep-deprived patients concerned about their health.
Research reveals that male fruit flies' genitals remain preserved in size even when food is scarce, allowing them to reproduce more successfully. This preservation is linked to lower levels of a growth factor called FOXO, which acts as a brake on growth and size maintenance.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University use genome editing to create a human stem cell model of congenital hepatic fibrosis, uncovering molecular players that contribute to the illness. They identify IL-8 and CTGF as key genes involved in the disease's progression.
Researchers developed an algorithm called Scanorama that merges over 20 diverse human cell datasets into a single, diverse source of data. The algorithm uses a modified computer-vision technique to find matching cells across datasets and preserves unique cell types.
MIT researchers develop a method to extract comprehensive samples of massive cell datasets, preserving rare cell types and their biological information. The 'sketching' approach generates compact summaries of large datasets in minutes, making it practical for biological studies.
The WINTHER trial successfully matched personalized therapy to 35% of patients with advanced cancer, showing improved overall survival for those with a high degree of matching. The trial's strategy employed RNA expression testing to tailor treatment based on gene expression differences between tumors and normal tissues.
A study found that exercise-induced cognitive improvements can be inherited by offspring via sperm. Exercise has been shown to increase the growth of immature neurons and improve mitochondrial function in the brain, leading to enhanced memory performance.
BRB-seq, a novel approach to RNA sequencing, preserves strand-specificity and detects the same number of genes as gold standard methods. The technique is 25 times less expensive than commercial RNA sequencing technologies, enabling bulk RNA sequencing of large sets of samples.
Researchers identified unique genetic signatures in patients with active celiac disease and those in remission, revealing differences in gene expressions. The study uncovered potential targets for therapeutic intervention and shed light on the underlying mechanisms of celiac disease.
Researchers at the University of Otago and Indian Statistical Institute have discovered distinct epigenetic markers in oral cancer tissues that are associated with patient survival. The findings, published in the journal Epigenomics, could help save thousands of lives by identifying cancer cells early.
Long-term spaceflight causes significant changes to gene expression, immune system, and DNA repair systems. The study provides insights into the effects of prolonged space travel on astronaut health and may help scientists develop treatments or prevention strategies.
Researchers found that male fruit flies produce fewer proteins in their seminal fluid when females are without competition, leading to health disadvantages for the females. In contrast, polygamous males with no competition can manipulate females through protein receipt, increasing their own reproductive success.
A recent study published in JNeurosci has identified genes and molecular pathways associated with higher educational attainment in older adults. The research found that individuals with higher education levels had thicker prefrontal brain regions, which are linked to improved working memory and decision-making.
The Slide-seq technique generates detailed three-dimensional maps of tissues, revealing the location and activity of cell types and genes. This platform offers unparalleled views of tissue function, allowing researchers to study cellular relationships, gene expression, and responses to perturbations.
Researchers have developed a new method to study gene expression and its relationship with cell behavior, including regeneration. The method, called single-cell-digital gene expression (1cell-DGE), allows for the analysis of RNA from individual living cells in intact tissue without compromising positional information.
A new study published by the Moskalev Lab has revealed how overexpressing the pro-longevity gene Gclc in Drosophila melanogaster leads to life extension and changes in the thorax's transcriptome, including genes involved in metabolism, immune system, and circadian rhythmicity.
A new study found that endocrine disruptors can alter female reproduction and sexual development in offspring, affecting reproductive health throughout multiple generations. The researchers observed delayed puberty, abnormal cycles, and ovulation in third- and fourth-generation females.
Daniel Hartl receives the 2019 Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal for his influential contributions to experimental and theoretical genetics research, combining mathematical models with cutting-edge techniques. His work explains how DNA mutations are passed through generations, influencing species divergence.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have created a ranked list of genes that are likely to be involved in any disease, allowing researchers to distinguish between these 'usual suspects' and those unique to specific conditions. The study's findings provide valuable context for interpreting gene activity in disease onset.
Research reveals that symbiotic bacteria in Hawaiian bobtail squid alter gene expression in the eye and gill organs, with effects varying by time of day. Bioluminescence may drive system-wide changes in gene expression.
Gene activity in defenders reflects origin of attacking slavemakers, with successful invaders triggering weaker defenses. Researchers found that host ants react aggressively to rare slave-makers and not to common ones, highlighting the complex co-evolutionary relationship between parasites and their hosts.
A team of researchers led by Joshua Sanes created the first cellular atlas of the primate retina, identifying 65-70 separate cell types and their expressed genes. The study sheds light on the mechanisms that give rise to differences in foveal cells and offers a foundation for understanding vision-related diseases.
Researchers at the Allen Institute have created the largest single-cell database of mammal organ development, tracing gene expression from a single cell to fully formed organs. The study provides valuable insights into human biology and developmental diseases, with potential applications in understanding common adult diseases.
Research in zebrafish reveals that clock genes determine daily behavioral rhythms and activity levels. The study found that eliminating these genes reduces energy supply, leading to lower locomotion and more resting behavior.
A new study found that warmer water temperatures combined with low-level chemical exposure influence the expression of genes in the offspring of a North American fish species. The finding threatens organisms sensitive to water temperature and highlights the need for reevaluating regulatory decisions based on short-term testing.
A KAIST team has developed a noninvasive light-sensitive photoactivatable recombinase suitable for genetic manipulation in vivo. The new tool enables spatiotemporal control of gene expression in the mouse brain with high precision and minimal side effects.
Researchers discovered 677 genes and small RNAs expressed differently between African and global Salmonella strains, leading to alterations at the protein level. The study provides a powerful tool for understanding the bacteria's genetic basis and potential antibiotic resistance.
A study of wild baboons in Kenya found that high-ranking individuals have better access to resources and immune system genes. However, the relationship between social status and health differs between males and females, suggesting a sex-specific connection between rank and immune function.
A new study finds that spinal cord injuries profoundly impact the body's internal clocks, affecting body temperature, hormone fluctuations, immunity, and other bodily processes. The researchers discovered that expression of clock genes was reduced in both injured and uninjured tissue, with implications for recovery.
A study found that random differences in gene expression during fetal development can lead to a survival advantage, potentially contributing to adult health issues. The researchers propose that these epigenetic variations can become more common in individuals exposed to famine or adverse conditions during gestation.
Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes weakening of skeletal muscles. Researchers at Kanazawa University found that the immune system regulatory molecule programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1) is abundant in muscle tissue of patients, which may help reduce disease symptoms.
Researchers used single-cell RNA sequencing to study gene expression in individual cells and identify unique therapeutic targets for cancers that form in specific cell types. The study found that mutations in certain genes can make cells vulnerable to apoptosis, providing a potential way to prevent or treat cancer.
Neuroscientists at the Allen Institute have sorted brain cells from the cerebral cortex into 133 different cell types based on their gene expression patterns. This comprehensive study provides a detailed catalog of brain cell types and lays the groundwork for understanding their functions.