Articles tagged with Gene Expression
A new study found that endocrine disruptors can alter female reproduction and sexual development in offspring, affecting reproductive health throughout multiple generations. The researchers observed delayed puberty, abnormal cycles, and ovulation in third- and fourth-generation females.
Daniel Hartl receives the 2019 Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal for his influential contributions to experimental and theoretical genetics research, combining mathematical models with cutting-edge techniques. His work explains how DNA mutations are passed through generations, influencing species divergence.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have created a ranked list of genes that are likely to be involved in any disease, allowing researchers to distinguish between these 'usual suspects' and those unique to specific conditions. The study's findings provide valuable context for interpreting gene activity in disease onset.
Research reveals that symbiotic bacteria in Hawaiian bobtail squid alter gene expression in the eye and gill organs, with effects varying by time of day. Bioluminescence may drive system-wide changes in gene expression.
Gene activity in defenders reflects origin of attacking slavemakers, with successful invaders triggering weaker defenses. Researchers found that host ants react aggressively to rare slave-makers and not to common ones, highlighting the complex co-evolutionary relationship between parasites and their hosts.
A team of researchers led by Joshua Sanes created the first cellular atlas of the primate retina, identifying 65-70 separate cell types and their expressed genes. The study sheds light on the mechanisms that give rise to differences in foveal cells and offers a foundation for understanding vision-related diseases.
Researchers at the Allen Institute have created the largest single-cell database of mammal organ development, tracing gene expression from a single cell to fully formed organs. The study provides valuable insights into human biology and developmental diseases, with potential applications in understanding common adult diseases.
Research in zebrafish reveals that clock genes determine daily behavioral rhythms and activity levels. The study found that eliminating these genes reduces energy supply, leading to lower locomotion and more resting behavior.
A new study found that warmer water temperatures combined with low-level chemical exposure influence the expression of genes in the offspring of a North American fish species. The finding threatens organisms sensitive to water temperature and highlights the need for reevaluating regulatory decisions based on short-term testing.
A KAIST team has developed a noninvasive light-sensitive photoactivatable recombinase suitable for genetic manipulation in vivo. The new tool enables spatiotemporal control of gene expression in the mouse brain with high precision and minimal side effects.
Researchers discovered 677 genes and small RNAs expressed differently between African and global Salmonella strains, leading to alterations at the protein level. The study provides a powerful tool for understanding the bacteria's genetic basis and potential antibiotic resistance.
A study of wild baboons in Kenya found that high-ranking individuals have better access to resources and immune system genes. However, the relationship between social status and health differs between males and females, suggesting a sex-specific connection between rank and immune function.
A study found that random differences in gene expression during fetal development can lead to a survival advantage, potentially contributing to adult health issues. The researchers propose that these epigenetic variations can become more common in individuals exposed to famine or adverse conditions during gestation.
A new study finds that spinal cord injuries profoundly impact the body's internal clocks, affecting body temperature, hormone fluctuations, immunity, and other bodily processes. The researchers discovered that expression of clock genes was reduced in both injured and uninjured tissue, with implications for recovery.
Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes weakening of skeletal muscles. Researchers at Kanazawa University found that the immune system regulatory molecule programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1) is abundant in muscle tissue of patients, which may help reduce disease symptoms.
Researchers used single-cell RNA sequencing to study gene expression in individual cells and identify unique therapeutic targets for cancers that form in specific cell types. The study found that mutations in certain genes can make cells vulnerable to apoptosis, providing a potential way to prevent or treat cancer.
Neuroscientists at the Allen Institute have sorted brain cells from the cerebral cortex into 133 different cell types based on their gene expression patterns. This comprehensive study provides a detailed catalog of brain cell types and lays the groundwork for understanding their functions.
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz have discovered that sperm retain epigenetic marks important for the development of the germ line in offspring. This study provides evidence that the life experience of a father can affect the health of his descendants, highlighting the importance of epigenetic information carried by sperm.
The study found that pro-inflammatory TNFα and anti-inflammatory CCL18 cytokines are increased in human atherosclerotic lesions, associated with cholesterol accumulation. The expression levels vary across plaque stages, with maximum levels in lipofibrous plaques.
Researchers identified specific genes and cells associated with CKD, including the adaptor protein DAB2 in the TGF-β pathway. Further experiments confirmed that reducing DAB2 expression protected mice from CKD. The findings could inform treatment options for this complex disease.
A new Cornell University-led study has identified genes that were altered in tame animals in two areas of the brain involved with learning and memory. Genes impacting serotonergic and glutaminergic neurons, important for learning and memory, were clearly affected by selection toward tameness.
Scientists at the Francis Crick Institute developed machine learning algorithms to predict yeast metabolism from protein content, shedding light on the complex relationships between enzymes and metabolites. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of perfect beer flavors and personalized treatments for metabolic disorders.
A new study suggests that paternal diet influences offspring health by affecting sperm DNA methylation tags and seminal plasma immunological responses. Mice fed a low-protein diet had overweight offspring with dysfunctional metabolism, highlighting the importance of a healthy father's nutrition for child well-being.
Gene therapy using optimized AAV to deliver human factor VIII showed substantial hFVIII expression and no detectable antibody response in cynomolgus macaques. The results suggest that AAVhu37-based gene therapy has the potential to advance to clinical trials for treating hemophilia A.
The international team of researchers presents the first high-quality fully annotated reference genome sequence of bread wheat variety Chinese Spring. This advancement provides a powerful tool for accelerating the development of new wheat varieties designed to address human nutrition and crop resiliency needs.
Researchers have successfully engineered silkworms to produce high yields of spider silk using genome editing, a breakthrough that could pave the way for mass production of this versatile material. The transgenic silkworms produced fibers with improved elasticity and extensibility compared to wild-type silkworms.
Gene expression analysis of blood samples from 15 kidney transplant recipients revealed that the most robust gene expression changes occurred in the first day following transplantation. A comparison between living donors and deceased donor groups identified 11 genes that may play a key role in kidney repair and regeneration.
A subset of dopaminergic neurons are inhibited during the day by light-responsive neuropeptide Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF) and its receptor (PDFR), promoting wakefulness. High daytime levels of PDF increase daytime sleep, while reducing PDFR expression decreases daytime sleep.
Researchers found that nanoplastics caused damage to the DNA and cell membranes of mussels, leading to oxidative stress and changes in gene expression. The study highlights the potential long-term consequences of consuming mussels contaminated with nanoplastics.
Researchers have identified a protein called dMLL3/4 that helps balance out differences between chromosomes inherited from parents. This discovery may lead to new diagnostic approaches and improved embryo culture media formulations for assisted reproduction techniques.
Researchers at the University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix are developing a quick and accurate diagnostic test for radiation exposure in case of a nuclear disaster. The test uses gene expression biomarkers to calculate the amount of radiation absorbed by the human body, potentially saving thousands of lives.
Researchers developed a personalized Therapeutic Intervention Fingerprint (pTIF) to predict the effectiveness of targeting specific biological factors for controlling neurological disease progression. This technique can categorize patients with their unique physiological needs, leading to more effective and tailored treatments.
Researchers successfully used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to restore normal levels of the AAT enzyme in mouse models of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. The approach showed promise for treating patients with this genetic disorder.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Human Biology found that healthy gaming experiences are linked to favorable gene expression profiles. The research, led by Dr. Jeffrey Snodgrass, highlights the importance of social connectedness in mitigating negative effects of online gaming.
A study by a Danish-German research team reveals that modified RNA bases play a crucial role in controlling gene expression from DNA to functional RNA. The researchers used a newly developed technique to label newly made RNA with the m6A modification, demonstrating its impact on RNA maturation and splicing efficiency.
A team of scientists developed a high-throughput approach to integrate laboratory experiments, literature data, and network analysis to study Huntington's disease. The approach revealed that changes in inflammation, cell architecture, and calcium signaling drove the disease forward, while counteracting these changes improved health.
Researchers have found a blood-based genetic biomarker, KLRD1, which determines an individual's susceptibility to the flu. Those with higher levels of this gene have better immune defenses and are less likely to fall ill.
Researchers found that a type of lung cancer's spread is facilitated by immune cells forming clots in tumors. These clots allow tumor cells to migrate and spread to other parts of the body. The study identifies a new target for potential metastasis treatment.
Juhyun Lee is using a new $251,000 grant from the American Heart Association to explore targeted delivery of messenger RNA to reverse damage caused by congenital heart disease. His goal is to modulate mechanical forces and reduce gene expressions to stimulate heart growth or healing.
Researchers found that inheriting a variation in the PM20D1 gene increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, making it an excellent candidate for clinical prevention trials. The study highlights the importance of international scientific collaboration and multidisciplinary research to tackle complex diseases like dementia.
Researchers developed a method to improve electrical transmission in the heart by introducing the Connexin 43 gene into cells forming the infarct scar. Mice with overexpressed Cx43 showed reduced cardiac arrhythmias compared to control animals.
EPFL scientists have joined the Human Cell Atlas initiative, a global project mapping every type of cell in the human body. The team developed an automated single-cell analysis pipeline, enabling non-expert labs to engage in high-level genomic research.
Researchers discovered that HTLV-1 survives by evading immune surveillance through transient Tax expression in infected cells. This unique strategy allows the virus to maintain a population of infected leukemic cells, making it a potential target for new therapies.
Researchers have detailed for the first time how interneurons emerge and diversify in the brain, tracing their lineage from earliest precursor states to mature forms in mice. The study identified key genetic programs that determine the fate of developing interneurons, shedding light on their functions and potential treatment strategies.
A study by McGill University researchers found that complex interactions among roots, fungi, and bacteria drive the degradation of hydrocarbons in polluted soil. This discovery suggests a new approach to phytoremediation, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary research.
A study on bariatric surgery reveals that changes in the intestines lead to the reversal of diabetes after weight-loss surgery. The research found dramatic changes in gene expression in intestinal tissue, explaining blood glucose improvement and body weight loss after RYGB surgery.
A new study suggests that low-calorie sweeteners can promote metabolic syndrome and increase the risk of prediabetes and diabetes in overweight individuals. The research found that these substances can lead to increased glucose entry into cells through enhanced activity of genes called glucose transporters.
Researchers developed a light-activated genetic switch that can turn genes on and off in mammalian cells using red and far-red light. The switch relies on two insights: creating an electron transfer system and placing the molecular synthesis in mitochondria, allowing for precise gene control.
Researchers have identified a range of synthetic antisense oligonucleotides that can activate the frataxin gene in FA patients. The discovery demonstrates flexible options for increasing frataxin protein expression and alleviating FA symptoms.
A new gene-editing technology has been developed to improve the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9, allowing for safer and more efficient correction of disease-causing mutations in patients. The system uses a nano-sized porous material to coat the molecular components of CRISPR/Cas9, enabling efficient release into cells.
The Scanpy software is a candidate for analyzing the Human Cell Atlas, enabling comprehensive analysis of large gene-expression datasets. It uses graph-based algorithms to characterize cells by identifying their closest neighbors, similar to social networks.
Researchers found genetic clues to distinct susceptibility to virus infection in congenital Zika syndrome, using Brazilian twin babies with different outcomes. The study revealed a single gene cannot explain the cases of CZS development nor brain resistance to Zika virus.
Researchers find that beta amyloid protein disrupts mitochondria function, leading to early disease symptoms. Human cells can be protected from damage with a custom-designed compound, offering an exciting avenue for future drug development.
A novel chip-based gene expression tool has been developed to analyze RNA levels in cancerous tissue samples quickly and accurately, while preserving spatial information. The technique allows for the analysis of entire tissue samples and identification of cancer cells in under two hours.
Researchers at the Salk Institute discovered that genes that normally sever connections between neurons are reactivated in aging astrocytes, leading to reduced neuronal communication. This may explain age-related cognitive decline and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and diabetes.
A new study uses deep learning methods to identify genes involved in embryonic development, fetal transition, and cancer. The research may lead to innovative strategies for induced tissue regeneration and cancer treatment.
Gene expression in specific cells and regions provides a more precise, neuroprotective approach than traditional treatments for neurological diseases. Increasing cholesterol synthesis gene expression in astrocytes of the spinal cord can repair nerves affected by walking in multiple sclerosis patients.
A blood-based precision medicine test incorporating age, sex, and gene expression score (ASGES) helped evaluate older outpatients with symptoms of obstructive coronary artery disease. The study found higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in those with high ASGES scores compared to low ASGES scores
A genetic variation linked to autism spectrum disorders stunts the growth of dendrites in rat cells and a mouse model of autism. This excessive pruning may contribute to differences in neuronal connectivity underlying social and communication deficits observed in autism.
A collaborative study has identified a novel cluster of dysregulated genes in the pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 diabetes. The findings suggest that these altered genes are responsible for beta cell failure in diabetes and may hold new insights into how to prevent and treat the disease.