Articles tagged with Gene Expression
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers used single-cell RNA sequencing to study gene expression in individual cells and identify unique therapeutic targets for cancers that form in specific cell types. The study found that mutations in certain genes can make cells vulnerable to apoptosis, providing a potential way to prevent or treat cancer.
Neuroscientists at the Allen Institute have sorted brain cells from the cerebral cortex into 133 different cell types based on their gene expression patterns. This comprehensive study provides a detailed catalog of brain cell types and lays the groundwork for understanding their functions.
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz have discovered that sperm retain epigenetic marks important for the development of the germ line in offspring. This study provides evidence that the life experience of a father can affect the health of his descendants, highlighting the importance of epigenetic information carried by sperm.
The study found that pro-inflammatory TNFα and anti-inflammatory CCL18 cytokines are increased in human atherosclerotic lesions, associated with cholesterol accumulation. The expression levels vary across plaque stages, with maximum levels in lipofibrous plaques.
Researchers identified specific genes and cells associated with CKD, including the adaptor protein DAB2 in the TGF-β pathway. Further experiments confirmed that reducing DAB2 expression protected mice from CKD. The findings could inform treatment options for this complex disease.
A new Cornell University-led study has identified genes that were altered in tame animals in two areas of the brain involved with learning and memory. Genes impacting serotonergic and glutaminergic neurons, important for learning and memory, were clearly affected by selection toward tameness.
Scientists at the Francis Crick Institute developed machine learning algorithms to predict yeast metabolism from protein content, shedding light on the complex relationships between enzymes and metabolites. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of perfect beer flavors and personalized treatments for metabolic disorders.
A new study suggests that paternal diet influences offspring health by affecting sperm DNA methylation tags and seminal plasma immunological responses. Mice fed a low-protein diet had overweight offspring with dysfunctional metabolism, highlighting the importance of a healthy father's nutrition for child well-being.
Gene therapy using optimized AAV to deliver human factor VIII showed substantial hFVIII expression and no detectable antibody response in cynomolgus macaques. The results suggest that AAVhu37-based gene therapy has the potential to advance to clinical trials for treating hemophilia A.
The international team of researchers presents the first high-quality fully annotated reference genome sequence of bread wheat variety Chinese Spring. This advancement provides a powerful tool for accelerating the development of new wheat varieties designed to address human nutrition and crop resiliency needs.
Researchers have successfully engineered silkworms to produce high yields of spider silk using genome editing, a breakthrough that could pave the way for mass production of this versatile material. The transgenic silkworms produced fibers with improved elasticity and extensibility compared to wild-type silkworms.
Gene expression analysis of blood samples from 15 kidney transplant recipients revealed that the most robust gene expression changes occurred in the first day following transplantation. A comparison between living donors and deceased donor groups identified 11 genes that may play a key role in kidney repair and regeneration.
A subset of dopaminergic neurons are inhibited during the day by light-responsive neuropeptide Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF) and its receptor (PDFR), promoting wakefulness. High daytime levels of PDF increase daytime sleep, while reducing PDFR expression decreases daytime sleep.
Researchers found that nanoplastics caused damage to the DNA and cell membranes of mussels, leading to oxidative stress and changes in gene expression. The study highlights the potential long-term consequences of consuming mussels contaminated with nanoplastics.
Researchers have identified a protein called dMLL3/4 that helps balance out differences between chromosomes inherited from parents. This discovery may lead to new diagnostic approaches and improved embryo culture media formulations for assisted reproduction techniques.
Researchers at the University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix are developing a quick and accurate diagnostic test for radiation exposure in case of a nuclear disaster. The test uses gene expression biomarkers to calculate the amount of radiation absorbed by the human body, potentially saving thousands of lives.
Researchers developed a personalized Therapeutic Intervention Fingerprint (pTIF) to predict the effectiveness of targeting specific biological factors for controlling neurological disease progression. This technique can categorize patients with their unique physiological needs, leading to more effective and tailored treatments.
Researchers successfully used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to restore normal levels of the AAT enzyme in mouse models of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. The approach showed promise for treating patients with this genetic disorder.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Human Biology found that healthy gaming experiences are linked to favorable gene expression profiles. The research, led by Dr. Jeffrey Snodgrass, highlights the importance of social connectedness in mitigating negative effects of online gaming.
A study by a Danish-German research team reveals that modified RNA bases play a crucial role in controlling gene expression from DNA to functional RNA. The researchers used a newly developed technique to label newly made RNA with the m6A modification, demonstrating its impact on RNA maturation and splicing efficiency.
A team of scientists developed a high-throughput approach to integrate laboratory experiments, literature data, and network analysis to study Huntington's disease. The approach revealed that changes in inflammation, cell architecture, and calcium signaling drove the disease forward, while counteracting these changes improved health.
Researchers have found a blood-based genetic biomarker, KLRD1, which determines an individual's susceptibility to the flu. Those with higher levels of this gene have better immune defenses and are less likely to fall ill.
Researchers found that a type of lung cancer's spread is facilitated by immune cells forming clots in tumors. These clots allow tumor cells to migrate and spread to other parts of the body. The study identifies a new target for potential metastasis treatment.
Juhyun Lee is using a new $251,000 grant from the American Heart Association to explore targeted delivery of messenger RNA to reverse damage caused by congenital heart disease. His goal is to modulate mechanical forces and reduce gene expressions to stimulate heart growth or healing.
Researchers found that inheriting a variation in the PM20D1 gene increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, making it an excellent candidate for clinical prevention trials. The study highlights the importance of international scientific collaboration and multidisciplinary research to tackle complex diseases like dementia.
Researchers developed a method to improve electrical transmission in the heart by introducing the Connexin 43 gene into cells forming the infarct scar. Mice with overexpressed Cx43 showed reduced cardiac arrhythmias compared to control animals.
EPFL scientists have joined the Human Cell Atlas initiative, a global project mapping every type of cell in the human body. The team developed an automated single-cell analysis pipeline, enabling non-expert labs to engage in high-level genomic research.
Researchers discovered that HTLV-1 survives by evading immune surveillance through transient Tax expression in infected cells. This unique strategy allows the virus to maintain a population of infected leukemic cells, making it a potential target for new therapies.
Researchers have detailed for the first time how interneurons emerge and diversify in the brain, tracing their lineage from earliest precursor states to mature forms in mice. The study identified key genetic programs that determine the fate of developing interneurons, shedding light on their functions and potential treatment strategies.
A study by McGill University researchers found that complex interactions among roots, fungi, and bacteria drive the degradation of hydrocarbons in polluted soil. This discovery suggests a new approach to phytoremediation, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary research.
A study on bariatric surgery reveals that changes in the intestines lead to the reversal of diabetes after weight-loss surgery. The research found dramatic changes in gene expression in intestinal tissue, explaining blood glucose improvement and body weight loss after RYGB surgery.
A new study suggests that low-calorie sweeteners can promote metabolic syndrome and increase the risk of prediabetes and diabetes in overweight individuals. The research found that these substances can lead to increased glucose entry into cells through enhanced activity of genes called glucose transporters.
Researchers developed a light-activated genetic switch that can turn genes on and off in mammalian cells using red and far-red light. The switch relies on two insights: creating an electron transfer system and placing the molecular synthesis in mitochondria, allowing for precise gene control.
Researchers have identified a range of synthetic antisense oligonucleotides that can activate the frataxin gene in FA patients. The discovery demonstrates flexible options for increasing frataxin protein expression and alleviating FA symptoms.
A new gene-editing technology has been developed to improve the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9, allowing for safer and more efficient correction of disease-causing mutations in patients. The system uses a nano-sized porous material to coat the molecular components of CRISPR/Cas9, enabling efficient release into cells.
The Scanpy software is a candidate for analyzing the Human Cell Atlas, enabling comprehensive analysis of large gene-expression datasets. It uses graph-based algorithms to characterize cells by identifying their closest neighbors, similar to social networks.
Researchers found genetic clues to distinct susceptibility to virus infection in congenital Zika syndrome, using Brazilian twin babies with different outcomes. The study revealed a single gene cannot explain the cases of CZS development nor brain resistance to Zika virus.
Researchers find that beta amyloid protein disrupts mitochondria function, leading to early disease symptoms. Human cells can be protected from damage with a custom-designed compound, offering an exciting avenue for future drug development.
A novel chip-based gene expression tool has been developed to analyze RNA levels in cancerous tissue samples quickly and accurately, while preserving spatial information. The technique allows for the analysis of entire tissue samples and identification of cancer cells in under two hours.
Researchers at the Salk Institute discovered that genes that normally sever connections between neurons are reactivated in aging astrocytes, leading to reduced neuronal communication. This may explain age-related cognitive decline and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and diabetes.
A new study uses deep learning methods to identify genes involved in embryonic development, fetal transition, and cancer. The research may lead to innovative strategies for induced tissue regeneration and cancer treatment.
Gene expression in specific cells and regions provides a more precise, neuroprotective approach than traditional treatments for neurological diseases. Increasing cholesterol synthesis gene expression in astrocytes of the spinal cord can repair nerves affected by walking in multiple sclerosis patients.
A blood-based precision medicine test incorporating age, sex, and gene expression score (ASGES) helped evaluate older outpatients with symptoms of obstructive coronary artery disease. The study found higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in those with high ASGES scores compared to low ASGES scores
A genetic variation linked to autism spectrum disorders stunts the growth of dendrites in rat cells and a mouse model of autism. This excessive pruning may contribute to differences in neuronal connectivity underlying social and communication deficits observed in autism.
A collaborative study has identified a novel cluster of dysregulated genes in the pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 diabetes. The findings suggest that these altered genes are responsible for beta cell failure in diabetes and may hold new insights into how to prevent and treat the disease.
A new web-based application called NeuroExpresso provides a comprehensive catalogue of brain cell type data, helping to better define their functions and properties. The tool uses marker genes to estimate cellular composition of mouse and human tissue.
New research reveals stress's negative effects on brain function, including gene expression alterations, anxiety responses, and mental illness symptoms. Potential paths for relief include astrocyte signaling control, microbiome regulation, and newborn neuron development.
Researchers analyzed gene expression changes in tendon tissue of male and female subjects aged 20-24 and 54-70. The study found opposite effects on genes expressed in males and females with age, highlighting the importance of considering gender differences in treating tendon disease.
Researchers at MPFI discovered significant regional differences among chandelier cells in the hippocampus and neocortex. Chandelier cells exhibit distinct characteristics, including expanded axonal arbors, increased connections, and differential gene expression.
Scientists at UNC School of Medicine compare two reprogramming techniques to generate patient-specific cardiomyocytes, finding that one method produces cells with embryonic cell signatures while the other yields cells with adult characteristics. This knowledge is crucial for developing new therapies and understanding cardiac disease.
A new study uses gene transfer to block the expression of an enzyme that breaks down alcohol, leading to increased acetaldehyde levels and potential treatment for alcoholism. The approach has strong proof-of-concept data and bodes well for future development of a genetic therapy.
Research on Medaka fish reveals dynamic seasonal changes in color perception, with variations in behavior, light response, and gene expression. This phenomenon may not be limited to Medaka and could be widely observed in various animals, including humans.
Researchers identified distinct gene expression patterns and immune signatures associated with asymptomatic dengue infections, revealing a supporting role for T cell protection. These findings could optimize vaccine development efforts by understanding what types of immune responses are important in defending the body against the disease.
Researchers measured the effect of low-level mercury concentrations on microalga gene expression, revealing widespread deregulation of genes involved in various processes. This study provides insight into the environmental and public health implications of mercury's entry into the food chain.
The American Society of Human Genetics has honored Dr. Arthur L. Beaudet with the Victor A. McKusick Leadership Award, recognizing his groundbreaking work on uniparental disomy and its implications for genetic diseases. His current research focuses on neuronal carnitine deficiency as a risk factor for autism.
A research team has revealed intrinsic gene expression patterns of glioblastoma tumors, which could drive more effective treatments. The study found that tumor microenvironment cells contribute to the 'ecosystem' of hundreds of GBM tumors, influencing treatment outcomes and response to immunotherapy.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have discovered a fast and short-lived spike in signaling lipid PI3,5P2 that helps protect yeast cells from high salt stress before gene expression takes over. The study suggests that this early protection pathway may exist in other organisms and respond to different types of cellular stress.
A new study found that oral prednisone reduced immune responses to AAV-based gene delivery, resulting in a 60% decrease in cytotoxic T cell infiltrates. The treatment also increased PD-L2 levels, which induce programmed T-cell death, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit for gene therapy.
Raja Mazumder is developing databases BioMuta and BioXpress to standardize cancer genomics data, making it easier for researchers to integrate and compare data across various platforms. The project aims to connect cancer genomics mutation and expression data within an evolutionary context.
Research found that BPA exposure during early development alters genetic pathways, leading to changes in mitochondrial and ribosomal pathways. This can affect cognitive flexibility and memory. The study suggests permanent reprogramming of the brain with developmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals.