Articles tagged with Gene Expression
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers developed polygenic risk scores using genetic data from nearly 30,000 individuals, improving IBD predictions across European, Ashkenazi Jewish, Hispanic, and UK Biobank populations. Lower predictive power was seen in African ancestry due to smaller datasets and greater genetic diversity.
The study found that polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane impact salmon's lipid metabolism and environmental stress response. The transcriptome profiles suggest that OHC levels, rather than salmon origin, have a significant effect on the liver's gene expression.
Researchers use single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze kidney cells' gene expression, enabling the reconstruction of their spatial arrangement and functional information. The algorithm succeeds in completing a 3D puzzle, providing new insights into kidney disease.
Australian researchers have discovered a protein called SMCHD1 involved in the 'imprinting' process, where mother's proteins linger in her child's genes and switch off at least 10 different genes. This phenomenon could potentially have a lifelong impact on the offspring.
Researchers found that e-cigarette users exhibited significantly altered immune responses to a model of influenza virus infection, suggesting increased susceptibility to disease. The study also found that vaping changes the expression of genes and production of proteins in respiratory cells.
Researchers found that dietary intervention increased skin gene expression manifold, with raw food activating the immune defense system and increasing antioxidant production. This study suggests that a raw diet may help activate the immune defense of dogs, potentially reducing the risk of atopic dermatitis.
Researchers identified genes associated with decreased placental invasion and increased chemokine production in babies born with microcephaly. This finding provides insight into why only some babies exposed to Zika virus during pregnancy develop anomalies.
A new study from Baylor College of Medicine found that starting genetic analysis with RNA sequencing can increase diagnostic yield by up to 17% in rare genetic diseases. This approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of noncoding changes and enhances confidence in diagnoses.
Researchers found that elkhorn coral has a consistent immune response to diseases, indicating it actively fights off disease. The study suggests corals may have tougher epithelia and symbiotic dinoflagellates that develop differences in gene expression over time.
A team of researchers from the University of Münster has created a groundbreaking viral expression model that can simulate and analyze various viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. The model uses stem cells to mimic the mechanisms of action of viruses, allowing for precise investigation of disease progression and potential treatments.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University found that laser stimulation inhibits sclerostin expression in bone without causing inflammation, providing a new treatment possibility for osteoporosis. This method may aid the development of laser-based therapies to promote bone regeneration.
Scientists from the University of Copenhagen have identified specific neurons most affected by epilepsy, which could lead to personalized medicine-based treatments. The study analyzed over 117,000 neurons and found thousands of genes changing their expression in epilepsy.
Researchers found that auxin suppresses salicylic acid-mediated plant defense responses and promotes disease in Arabidopsis thaliana. Auxin also regulates virulence gene expression in Pseudomonas syringae bacteria, leading to increased disease susceptibility.
Scientists have discovered a new piece of DNA crucial for forming male sex organs in mice, revealing the Y-chromosome gene Sry has two distinct parts. The findings suggest this discovery could be used to manipulate sex ratios in agriculture and biological pest management, but not on human embryos.
Researchers found that gene activity increases when forces are applied perpendicularly to a cell, but decreases when forces are applied along the long axis. The findings could provide insights into diseases such as fibrosis and cardiovascular disease.
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive brain cancer with low five-year survival rate due to rapid development of radioresistance. Researchers from Hokkaido University and Stanford University identified Rab27b and epiregulin as key molecules contributing to radioresistance.
A study found MAIT cells enriched in airways of severe COVID-19 patients, strongly activating and associated with poor clinical outcome. Gene expression analyses revealed specific inflammatory proteins linked to mortality.
Scientists have documented all cell types and genes in healthy human hearts, paving the way for targeted treatments. This single-cell atlas will help understand heart disease and develop new therapies by correcting genetic mutations.
A new study by University of Copenhagen scientists found that time-restricted feeding alters the rhythmic concentration of metabolites in blood and muscle, influencing gene expression and amino acid transport. The study suggests that time-restricted feeding's positive health impact may be driven by diet rather than the body's core clock.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have developed a computational system called Watershed to predict the functions of rare genetic variants in individual genomes. This breakthrough could lead to the identification of genetic causes for previously undiagnosed disorders and health issues, with implications for public health.
Researchers developed a tumour gene test that accurately predicts ovarian cancer survival, outperforming age and cancer stage. The test identifies high-risk patients for personalized treatment options.
Scientists discovered genes with decreased expression in individuals with Down syndrome, which may also protect people from developing solid tumors. These findings could lead to the development of gene-targeted therapies for both people with Down syndrome and the general population.
Researchers developed a blood test that can identify babies at risk of serious neurodisabilities like cerebral palsy and epilepsy just hours after birth. The test looks for specific genes being switched on or off, which may provide new targets for treating brain damage before it becomes permanent.
Researchers successfully expressed and purified recombinant human coagulation factor XIIIa in Pichia pastoris, demonstrating biological activity. This expression system offers an efficient way to produce FXIIIa for further studies and potential large-scale production.
A new study published in Molecular Ecology reveals that the genes responsible for protecting frogs may actually be leading to their demise in the face of the invasive chytridiomycosis disease. Researchers found that frogs that died from the disease had higher expression of immune system genes than those that survived.
A NIH study found consistent sex-based differences in cortical volume across 2,000 brain scans, which correspond with patterns of sex-chromosome gene expression. These findings suggest that genetic mechanisms, including those on the X and Y sex chromosomes, may influence sex differences in brain anatomy.
Research reveals subtropical species are winners in future climates due to their ability to adapt to rising temperatures, while temperate species are most vulnerable. The study provides a catalogue of genes that informs about the adaptive capacity to climate change.
Research by Elena Lopez Peredo and Zoe Cardon found that desert green algae can become active again within seconds of receiving water, suggesting a unique adaptation for survival. The study also showed that these algae upregulate protective gene expression while downregulating metabolic genes during desiccation.
Scientists have discovered that the Anaplasmosis bacterium interferes with tick gene expression to survive and spread to new hosts. The study found that the bacterium reduces a regulatory molecule's production, leading to increased levels of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide (OATP), which enables its spread to vertebrate hosts.
Researchers proposed an algorithm to create patient-specific models describing electrical excitation of human heart cells. The model uses gene expression profiles to predict action potential in other patients. This could lead to personalized treatment and drug design for heart conditions.
A new pre-clinical study identified genes linked with the development of brain folds in the grey matter of the brain. The research found differences in genetic expression and neuron shape during the folding process, which can lead to cognitive deficits and neurological conditions such as autism and schizophrenia.
A study found that survivin positivity by IHC correlates with shorter survival in Neuroendocrine tumors. Radiation exposure increases BIRC5 gene expression, which is associated with an inferior survival. Survivin long peptide-mimic vaccine shows promise in preclinical studies.
Researchers used statistical physics models to study biological complexity and found that organisms are restricted to a low level of dimensionality. This means that their essential building blocks appear to be linked to each other, with variations fitting a one-dimensional curve or low-dimensional surface regardless of the environment.
Developing frog embryos damaged by nicotine exposure can be repaired with ionoceuticals that restore bioelectric patterns, leading to normal anatomy and gene expression. The discovery offers a roadmap for exploration of therapeutic drugs that could help repair birth defects in humans.
Mount Sinai researchers found lower ACE2 expression in younger children, increasing with age. This could help explain why children are less likely to get COVID-19 and account for only 2% of identified cases.
A study published in Journal of Internal Medicine found that weight loss surgery changes gene expression in fat tissue, leading to metabolic improvements and reduced type 2 diabetes risk. These changes persisted even after weight regain, suggesting a long-term impact on health outcomes.
A new study has identified a group of genes with altered expression in autism spectrum disorder, affecting communication among neurons. The discovery could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment by targeting these genes.
Researchers found a 25% increase in ACE2 expression in lung tissues from ever-smokers compared to nonsmokers, suggesting an increased risk for viral binding and entry. Smoking also remodelled gene expression, making it easier for the virus to infect human cells.
A marine heatwave in 2015-16 triggered different genetic responses in five coral reef fish species, showing varying levels of vulnerability to climate change. The study found common molecular pathways associated with increased oxygen uptake and cellular stress responses among all species.
A research team has identified reliable reference genes for studying wheat meiosis, enabling precise measurements of gene expression. The discovery will aid future genetic improvement efforts, potentially allowing for manipulation of chromosome associations and integration of genes from other species.
A twin study conducted by Monash University researchers found that even low levels of air pollution can affect gene expression, leading to long-term health consequences. The study suggests exposure to air pollutants, even at low levels, has real-life implications for the current COVID pandemic.
Researchers at Oregon Health & Science University developed a synthetic molecule that targets and corrects a mutated gene causing Usher syndrome in mice. The technique may be used to deliver drug therapy through amniotic fluid to the fetus, potentially treating and preventing several types of congenital hearing and balance disorders.
A study published in Nature reveals that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) plays a key role in the spread of pathological tau proteins between neurons. By inhibiting LRP1 expression, researchers were able to reduce tau spread in mice, offering new hope for potential treatments.
Researchers found that DOT1L inhibition significantly reduces MM cell viability in vitro and inhibits xenograft growth in mice. Concomitant targeting of SETD1B enhances this effect, suggesting a novel therapeutic angle for cancer treatment.
Research reveals glucose acts as a molecular switch regulating SIRT1's function, impacting gene expression and metabolic flexibility. Glucose modification affects organismal health, with both over-activation and under-activation linked to diseases.
A study published in Blood Cancer Discovery found that deleting one copy of the miR15a/miR16-1 gene cluster accelerated the development of multiple myeloma in mice, while also enhancing disease aggressiveness. The researchers also analyzed a genetic dataset of multiple myeloma patients and found similar associations.
A study found that bisphenol S, a BPA substitute, causes changes in gene expression and neurotransmitter levels in the mouse placenta, similar to BPA. The findings suggest that BPS may be toxic to humans, despite some differences in human and mouse placentas
Researchers developed a new high-throughput technique to study gene splicing, tracking thousands of genes in real-time. The results show that splicing occurs far more often than previously thought, with significant variability in gene expression timing.
A study published in PNAS reveals that the blood-brain barrier's impermeability is linked to depression symptoms and that restoring its integrity may lead to improved treatment outcomes. Researchers found that a decrease in claudin-5 protein and increased HDAC1 enzyme are associated with depressive symptoms.
Researchers at University of Bath identified a molecule called DIRC3 that acts as a tumour suppressor to block melanoma cell growth and spread. High levels of DIRC3 expression in patients were linked to increased survival rates, suggesting its potential as a new treatment for skin cancer.
A new study in rats suggests that caffeine may offset some of the negative effects of an obesogenic diet by reducing lipid storage and limiting weight gain. Caffeine decreased lipids in adipose cells by 20%-41% and downregulated genes associated with obesity.
Researchers found that a problem in gene-regulatory process can cause normal cells to turn malignant and produce Wilms' tumor. The implicated reader protein causes problems by acquiring a new property and being too active, leading to abnormal gene expression and tumor formation.
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital develop a computational approach to study anxiety, uncovering over 209 genes with varying activity across anxiety categories. The study identifies new targets for drug development, including genes related to synaptic plasticity, hormones, and G-protein coupled receptors.
87 LCMs show potential for persistent and bioaccumulative properties, affecting gene expression in embryonic chicken cells. Several LCMs found in indoor dust samples, highlighting environmental concerns.
Researchers at UConn's Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department shed new light on the evolution of the treehopper's distinctive helmet. By analyzing RNA sequences, they found that the gene expression lines up with wings rather than the dorsal body wall, suggesting a unique developmental pathway.
Researchers found no link between e-cigarette vapor and pneumonia in mouse models, contrary to earlier concerns about vaping's health risks. However, e-cigarette vapor did alter gene expression of pneumococcus bacteria, which may impact immune response.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in cell-free gene expression, enabling high-yielding protein synthesis and expanding genetically encoded chemistry. This has opened doors to create new types of enzymes, materials, and therapeutics. Northwestern University's Center for Synthetic Biology is at the forefront of this field.
A study by Duke-NUS Medical School researchers has uncovered new insights into how individual cell types in the brain contribute to Alzheimer's disease progression. The study found distinct gene expression profiles and networks across different cell types, providing potential druggable targets for future drug development.
Researchers at Michigan State University have found that cellular RNA levels change significantly following infection or vaccination. The study's findings could help identify new targets for building better flu vaccines and aid in the design of a universal vaccine.
A study analyzing data from four types of mouse Alzheimer's models found consistent changes in cell number and gene expression throughout the disease stages. The research provides new targets for intervention and therapy, highlighting the immune system's involvement in early stages of Alzheimer's.