Articles tagged with Gene Expression
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study in mice reveals how the protein Brd4 boosts the inflammatory response, with both beneficial and harmful effects. The findings suggest that Brd4 can protect the body from infection but also contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases.
Scientists have identified key genes involved in the homing behavior of rainbow trout, which use Earth's magnetic field to navigate back to their birthplace. The study found that changes in gene expression are triggered by disruption of the fish's internal compass, pointing to a possible role for iron-based magnetite particles.
Exposure to high temperatures in Caenorhabditis elegans can lead to genetic changes that persist through both sperm and egg, affecting up to 14 generations. These changes are driven by a temperature-induced reduction in an enzyme, resulting in gene expression alterations that 'remember' the environmental stress.
Research by British American Tobacco found that e-cigarette vapour has a limited effect on gene expression in human lung cells compared to cigarette smoke. The study exposed MucilAir 3D models to equivalent or higher doses of nicotine and measured the genes affected, revealing significant differences in response.
Researchers found that methionine supplementation can increase embryo survival in dairy cows and affect gene expression in ovarian follicles. Cows fed methionine had higher estrogen production and lower inflammation levels, potentially leading to faster heat cycles and improved fertility.
A new study identifies optimal adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy delivery vector constructs to treat Hemophilia A. The researchers successfully improved the design of AAV vectors, demonstrating significant and differing effects on liver-specific expression of the human factor VIII transgene in mice.
Scientists at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered that exhausted T cells have distinct DNA structures and activate specific genes, including NFAT and Nr4a proteins. These findings provide new insights into the molecular underpinnings of T cell exhaustion and offer potential targets for improving cancer immunotherapies.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University discovered changes in specific regions of DNA that 'enhance' harmful gene expression to promote tumor growth. These recurrent changes in DNA activate genes involved in colorectal cancer progression.
Researchers have developed a new imaging technology that sees DNA naturally fluoresce, allowing for the study of individual biomolecules and global patterns of gene expression. This breakthrough could yield insights into cancer and other diseases.
Scientists have mapped the entire methylome in pancreatic islets, revealing correlations between DNA methylation and impaired insulin function. The study found altered methylation in 25,820 genome regions, including changes in the PDX1 gene linked to type 2 diabetes.
Researchers developed a mini-intronic plasmid (MIP) system that can enhance transgene expression by up to 40-100-fold when used with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. This could reduce the cost of gene therapy and lessen immune responses.
Inflammation in mice brains and spleens differed depending on when chemotherapy drugs were administered, according to Ohio State University researchers. The study's findings could lead to more effective treatment strategies and reduced side effects for cancer patients.
Researchers developed a new mouse model that faithfully reproduces the pathologies of COPD and CF, revealing two key pathways: oxidative stress and protease-antiprotease imbalance. The model shows promise for developing new medication therapies.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have made a groundbreaking discovery about the human immune system's response to the bird flu vaccine. They found that neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, play a previously unobserved role in vaccine response and may function as antigen-presenting cells.
Researchers at Caltech have developed a method to link magnetic resonance imaging signals to gene expression in cells, allowing for non-invasive monitoring of disease. The technique uses aquaporin reporter genes to visualize gene expression in living tissues, with potential clinical translation.
Scientists identified a gene NAMPT that fuels glioblastoma growth and resistance to radiation therapy. Inhibiting NAMPT may improve treatment outcomes for most aggressive forms of the disease.
Researchers found that Varroa jacobsoni mites are shifting from Asian to European honeybees, posing a new threat to pollinators. The study identified key genes involved in the host switch and potential control strategies.
Plant biologists have increased crop productivity by modifying genes involved in photoprotection, allowing for more efficient use of sunlight. The study shows a 14-20% increase in modified tobacco plants, which could be applied to other crops like rice.
Researchers analyzed T cell protein expression in a human cohort, identifying unique markers associated with age and genetic predisposition to diseases. The study may lead to personalized medicine approaches and diagnostic tools for autoimmune diseases.
Plant biologists at ITbM, Nagoya University, have made a key discovery that the contents in pollen tubes alone can increase the size of seeds, without the need for fertilization. This new plant phenomenon, named as POEM (pollen tube-dependent ovule enlargement morphology), shows that even in the absence of fertilization, release of the...
Scientists have identified two distinct genetic subtypes in Crohn's disease patients, each with unique patterns of gene expression and clinical features. This discovery could lead to more effective treatment strategies tailored to individual patients' needs.
Researchers are investigating the role of SLC13A3, a likely tumor suppressor gene, in kidney cancer. They hope to understand why its expression is suppressed in African American patients and explore its potential as a therapeutic target.
A new study strengthens the links between transposons and aging, showing that increased transposon activity correlates with decreased lifespan in fruit flies. The study also reveals that manipulating genes involved in heterochromatin repression can lengthen lifespan, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for age-related diseases.
The Soybean Knowledge Base (SoyKB) uses high-performance computing to analyze soybean genetic data, promoting deeper understanding for scientists improving crops. Over 2,000 unique users log on monthly, with over 10,000 utilizing the platform since its development in 2010.
Researchers have identified novel expression sites in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb of mouse brains where the C9orf72 gene is strongly expressed. This discovery provides an important resource for studying animal models of ALS and FTD, with hopes of developing new treatments and eventually cures.
Researchers found that blocking specific cell signaling pathways may reduce the risk of preterm labor caused by inflammation or stop it altogether. The study also identified key molecules in the Notch signaling pathway, paving the way for therapies to control preterm labor in humans.
UAB researchers have discovered that levodopa induces widespread DNA methylation changes in brain cells that contribute to the development and maintenance of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Modulating global DNA methylation may be a novel therapeutic target to prevent or reverse this condition.
A new study found no serious adverse events related to gene therapy in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease five years after treatment. The long-term safety profile of the therapy is promising, lending support to its potential as a treatment for this debilitating disease.
A new study reveals that a simple GAGA DNA sequence is essential for dosage compensation in insects, allowing males to achieve double gene expression on their X chromosome. This process likely evolved independently among different species and may be applicable to other animals, including mammals.
Researchers at Hokkaido University found that biglycan molecule attracts tumor cells to blood vessel walls, facilitating metastasis formation. High biglycan expression linked to poor prognosis in breast, lung, and colorectal cancer patients.
Whole-genome gene expression and methylation data offer more predictive power than commonly-used clinical information in breast cancer survival predictions. Combining these data with clinical information improves predictions, suggesting a promising genomic approach for future clinic applications.
Researchers found that environmental factors and epigenetic changes are necessary to alter immune gene expression in individuals with familial ALS. This discovery may pave the way for developing preventive strategies for those at risk of ALS.
Researchers built a gene expression database of a stag beetle species and identified key genes involved in sex determination and differentiation. The study found that the intersex gene plays a crucial role in determining female-specific traits, while the transformer-2 gene affects more than just sex-specific characteristics.
A new high-resolution method allows analysis of all RNA molecules and provides spatial information, enabling precise identification of tumor cells and studying gene activity with greater resolution than ever before. This innovation has valuable applications for both preclinical research and cancer diagnostics.
Researchers found that fruit flies adjust their gene expression and metabolism to cope with cold temperatures, with nearly a third of genes altered and half of metabolites changing expression. This adaptation is crucial for insect survival during winter months.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have discovered a protein that acts as a powerful protectant against free radicals, which cause cell damage and death. The protein is activated by excessive free radicals and helps to regulate autophagy, a process that reduces oxidative stress and slows down aging.
The Jackson Laboratory's Gene Expression Database (GXD) will receive $10.5 million in funding over five years to support data curation and integration, infrastructure expansion, and enhanced tools.
Scientists at Hokkaido University developed a new CRISPR/Cas9 technique to unleash silenced genes, changing cell fates. They used DNA repair mechanism MMEJ with CRISPR/Cas9 to replace off-switches with on-switches, enabling efficient gene expression in cultured cells.
Researchers have successfully sequenced the genome of Hevea brasiliensis, the natural rubber tree, uncovering key genes responsible for its unique properties. The study identifies a cluster of genes related to rubber biosynthesis and disease resistance, which may contribute to the tree's high latex production.
Scientists have improved integration of biological data using Wikipathways, enhancing understanding of diseases like diabetes and asthma. The technology aggregates information from various databases, including DisGeNET and the EBI Expression Atlas, to discover new therapeutic targets.
A new study led by NIH researchers suggests that rod photoreceptors in mammals evolved from cone cells through a protein-mediated transformation, enabling nocturnal animals to thrive. The findings provide insights into the evolution of night vision and have potential applications for regenerating retinal cells.
The NIH has developed a crowdsourcing platform, OMics Compendia Commons (OMiCC), to make public gene expression data more accessible. Researchers can create groups of data and annotate them with standardized parameters, allowing for the reuse of existing data to address new research questions.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania have identified distinct characteristics that differentiate reserve stem cells from label-retaining cells, resolving a decades-long debate. The study uses single-cell gene expression analyses to demonstrate that reserve stem cells are a separate population in the intestines.
Researchers found that the testes of larger, more aggressive dark-eyed juncos produced more testosterone, leading to flashier plumage and other traits influenced by testosterone. The study challenges the prevailing theory that hormonally regulated trait differences are controlled largely by the brain.
Researchers have discovered a subgroup of neurons in the nasal cavity that express CD36, a lipid metabolism regulator, linking it to a preference for high-fat food and potentially odorant detection. The study suggests a possible role of CD36 in perception of smells and social interactions.
Research found that early institutional care was associated with lower DNA methylation at specific stress-related genes. This epigenetic modification can have long-lasting impacts on biological and behavioral processes.
Researchers at University of Delaware develop new biomaterials platform to stimulate growth factor expression and enhance chronic wound repair. The approach aims to provide a more efficient and localized production of growth factors, promoting full wound closure.
GAM is a free web service that identifies links between changes in metabolism and genes, enabling better understanding of complex biological processes. The program can analyze entire maps of metabolic pathways in cells, revealing mechanisms of tumor growth and shedding light on autoimmune pathologies.
A study by the Wyss Institute team provides a valuable guide to researchers on selecting synthetic Cas9 proteins for gene activation in various cell types. The findings identify top-performing activators and offer strategies to maximize gene expression.
Researchers discovered the Oct4 gene plays a critical protective role in preventing heart attacks and strokes by stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. Manipulating its expression may help block age-related decline in the body's ability to carry out repairs and heal wounds.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have discovered a reliable marker (PDGFRβ) to detect carcinoma-associated fibroblasts in oral cancer tissues. This finding could lead to the development of more effective cancer therapies by combining anti-PDGFRβ treatment with existing tumor treatments.
Researchers have discovered a gene signature that characterizes the transition from dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) to heart failure. The study found increased expression of fibrotic and inflammatory genes, as well as changes in heart muscle cell proliferation and metabolic profiles.
Loyola researchers identified a tumor gene that predicts survival outcomes in mouth and tongue cancer patients. The spectrin gene is expressed in 4.6 times more likely to die, requiring more aggressive treatment.
A study found that freeze-thawing and intravenous infusion affect mesenchymal stromal cell gene expression, which may impact their therapeutic use in reducing inflammatory responses. The lung microenvironment also influences MSC gene expression, highlighting the need for careful characterization.
A new rat study reveals genetic differences in the brain's pleasure receptor and epigenetic tags that affect cocaine addiction and relapse. The findings suggest inherited traits and epigenetics play a role in addiction vulnerability, with some rats more likely to seek out cocaine repeatedly due to genetic markers.
Acute myeloid leukemia researchers have identified a microRNA pathway that could lead to new targets for treatment. The study found that miR-22 is down-regulated in AML, leading to the development of cancer-causing genes and pathways. This discovery offers hope for developing effective therapies against this deadly disease.
A new study reveals that muscles controlling the eyes and eyelids are selectively spared in Duchenne muscular dystrophy due to higher utrophin levels. Researchers also found ECC machinery and calcium regulation similar to those of quadriceps muscles, challenging current understanding of muscle function.
Eosinophilic esophagitis-linked calpain 14 is an IL-13-induced protease that mediates esophageal epithelial barrier impairment. CAPN14 overexpression impairs tight junction protein desmoglein 1.
Researchers found chemicals in commonly used fungicides alter gene expression in mouse brain cells similar to those in people with autism and Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests these chemicals may impact brain function, including synaptic transmission and inflammation.
Scientists have developed a modified form of CRISPR that can silence genes in stem cells more efficiently and precisely than the original CRISPR-Cas9 system. This new technology allows for flexible gene suppression and reversal, enabling versatile investigations into genetic diseases.