Articles tagged with Gene Expression
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A recent study published in JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that soy supplementation altered the expression of genes associated with breast cancer. The study involved 140 patients who were randomized to either soy supplementation or placebo, and observed changes in several genes that promote cell cycle progression a...
The OncoFinder algorithm reduces errors in transcriptome analysis by mapping gene expression onto signalling pathways, allowing for more effective evaluation and analysis. The method enables scientists to characterise functional states of transcriptomes more accurately, improving research and clinical applications.
Researchers analyzed bladder biopsies from patients with suspected interstitial cystitis and those without the disease. The study found a significant difference in gene expression between low capacity patients and both normal capacity and control patients, suggesting a potential sub-type of IC.
Researchers used transgenic zebrafish and multidimensional time-lapse microscopy to visualize gene expression waves and segment formation. They found that the timing of segmentation is influenced by a Doppler effect caused by shortening embryonic tissue, which modulates the wave profile.
Inhibition of NgR expression reduces apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in diabetic rats by inhibiting Rho kinase, indicating a potential therapeutic target for glaucoma and related diseases. Upregulation of NgR is associated with increased cell apoptosis and visual extinction.
A study published in Science found that crows select mates with similar plumage colors due to genetic factors. The researchers identified a specific genomic region responsible for coloration and visual perception, suggesting a possible evolutionary mechanism behind species separation.
A new study reveals that gene expression profiling tests, such as Oncotype Dx, have a heightened perceived value among patients with early breast cancer due to access barriers. The carefully administered technology has led to unintended consequences like gatekeeping and perceived inequalities in access.
Researchers show that proliferation unlocks expression of Interleukin-10 in NK cells, a protein that moderates the immune system. This helps prevent hyperactivation of CD8 T cells, which can cause damage. The study provides another important role for lymphocyte proliferation and may help design vaccines.
A recent study published in Nature Communications discovered a correlation between the number of biological functions a gene has and its response to environmental changes. The research found that genes with more biological functions exhibit less protein expression change in response to temperature, challenging the long-held assumption ...
The DREAM project has successfully mined genomic data to predict breast cancer cell line responses to drugs, achieving 78% accuracy in identifying sensitive versus resistant cell lines. The study also identified molecular markers that can be tested against large collections of human samples.
A blood test has been developed to predict impending preterm birth, distinguishing between true and false labor in 70% of cases. The new test outperforms existing methods by using a set of nine genes coupled with clinical data, allowing for all women to be screened as part of routine blood work.
Researchers found that TAG-1 enhances proliferation and induces apoptosis-related gene expression without triggering apoptosis in U251 glioma cells. This study provides novel insight into the mechanisms of glial tumorigenesis by revealing the effects of transient axonal glycoprotein-1 on cell viability and signaling pathways.
Researchers developed a new gene expression analysis approach to identify cancer-associated genes from microarray data, outperforming traditional methods. The variance-based approach identified high variation in adjacent 'normal' tissue samples and preferentially selected genes specifically associated with cancer.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Maryland developed a new method, Sailfish, that dramatically speeds up estimates of gene expression from RNA sequencing data. The method can complete its analysis in a few minutes, with accuracy equal to or exceeding previous methods.
Researchers have discovered a 305-million-year-old harvestman fossil with two sets of eyes, challenging previous assumptions about the evolutionary history of arachnids. The fossil's exceptional preservation allows scientists to study its anatomy in unprecedented detail.
A new epidemiology model developed by Brown University researcher Yen-Tsung Huang integrates genomic data from SNPs, gene expression, and methylation to find significant associations with diseases like asthma and brain cancer. The model improves performance and validity across different subjects, paving the way for further applications.
Researchers found that deleting YAP from vascular smooth muscle cells causes thin-walled blood vessels prone to over-dilation and aneurysms. The protein also manages cell proliferation and suppression of the cell cycle arrest gene Gpr132, suggesting its role in normal blood vessel formation.
Researchers have identified six natural-products derivatives that can inhibit oral biofilm formation and quorum sensing in three indigenous oral Gram-positive bacteria. These compounds, structurally similar to S-ribosyl homocysteine, reduce bioluminescence in a Vibrio harveyi QS reporter, indicating inhibition of AI-2 based QS.
Researchers mapped RNA activity in 29 tissue types, cell lines, and environmental conditions to understand gene expression in the nervous system and response to stress. The study identified new genes and rare RNAs involved in stress response and complex brain function.
Researchers discovered varied gene expression patterns between male and female athletes, with altered signaling pathways regulating cartilage growth. The findings suggest genetics may play a role in the higher incidence of ACL injuries among females.
Researchers have developed a toolkit of genes and hardware using colored lights and engineered bacteria to test and debug genetic circuits. By varying the timing and intensity of lights, they can control exactly when and how much different genes are expressed.
Researchers at Lund University found epigenetic changes in approximately 800 genes of people with type 2 diabetes, which could contribute to reduced insulin production. Epigenetic changes are reversible and can be influenced by factors like age, BMI, and lifestyle.
Researchers from Karolinska Institutet found that the MYC gene promotes neural cell differentiation rather than proliferation in intact neural tissue. This discovery may lead to new approaches for treating spinal cord injuries and promoting nerve cell growth.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience suggests that abnormal gene expression resulting from DNA relaxation can be detected in the brain and blood of Alzheimer's patients. The researchers propose that drugs modifying DNA structure may be beneficial for treating Alzheimer's disease, paving the way for epigenetic-based therapies.
A recent study published in Human Gene Therapy evaluated the immune response to viral vector delivery systems and their impact on gene therapy's safety and efficacy. The researchers found that the systemic and local immune reactions induced by AAV-based gene therapy did not affect the safety of gene therapy or expression of the replace...
Research published in Cell Metabolism reveals that hotspots of fuel consumption in the adult brain are associated with ongoing development and remodeling. The study identifies 16 brain regions with elevated levels of aerobic glycolysis, which is linked to gene expression related to growth, synaptic transmission, and neurogenesis.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed genetically modified poplar trees that grow faster, resistant to insect pests and retain genes for up to 14 years. These traits could be particularly valuable in the paper and pulp industries and emerging biofuel sector.
The Gene Expression Barcode 3.0 tool helps cancer researchers process and analyze massive amounts of genetic data from patients and mice, enabling the development of tailored treatments. The improved algorithm makes it faster and more accessible for researchers to use.
Researchers found that males secrete signaling molecules that shorten the lifespan of hermaphroditic females by more than 20%. The effect persists even when genders are separated or females are sterile, indicating it's not due to physical stress or energy demands. Pheromone production is also linked to male-induced demise.
Researchers developed a molecular test based on a 96 gene expression profile to improve diagnosis and treatment of EoE. The test identified patients with approximately 96% sensitivity and 98% specificity, providing a reliable next-generation diagnosis.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Arlington are developing a new method to deliver genes that allow expression of light-sensitive proteins, enabling optogenetic stimulation. This technique holds promise for treating neurological disorders and understanding brain function.
A study found profound changes in mouse eyes after a 13-day spaceflight, including oxidative stress, DNA damage repair genes, and apoptotic pathways. These changes were partially reversible upon return to Earth.
Researchers at Aarhus University are using pigs, zebrafish and jellyfish to investigate hereditary forms of nervous disorders. They have successfully transferred the SYN1 gene from humans to pigs, which is involved in communication between nerve cells, to create a model for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease.
Researchers from CNIC and CSIC discover that inhibiting protein Rcan1 reduces burden of atherosclerosis in mice. Genetic inactivation of the protein represses disease development by favoring anti-inflammatory characteristics in macrophages.
A study found nearly 170 significant gene expression changes in patients with pouchitis, increasing to over 1,000 in those progressing to Crohn's-like changes. These alterations involved genes in inflammatory processes and metabolic pathways.
A Yale-led study has identified 52 genes that significantly correlate with outcome in patients with IPF, predicting shorter survival time and guiding treatment decisions. The discovery of these biomarkers may lead to better prediction of disease presence and severity.
Researchers discovered that aspirin improves survival in patients with colon cancer whose tumour cells express Human Leukocyte Antigen class I (HLA class I), a cell-surface protein involved in the immune system. The study found that HLA class I could be used to predict which patients benefit from aspirin therapy.
Researchers extended mouse lifespan by 20% through gene manipulation, with some organs aging better than others. This increase is equivalent to a 16-year boost in human lifespan, offering insights into aging and potential therapies for age-related diseases.
Researchers found increased expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in human airways, linked to mucus production and other genes implicated in COPD. A mouse model also showed IL-33-producing epithelial progenitor cells induced by viral infection, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, have decoded the genetic basis of chronic mountain sickness, a disease affecting Andean highlanders. They found two genes, ANP32D and SENP1, that are overexpressed in CMS individuals and may hold key to treating the condition.
A study found that dominant male turkeys express genes more like males and less like females, leading to increased attractiveness. Researchers suggest a similar pattern may exist in females, with more attractive women exhibiting higher female gene expression.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet found that CHD5 is essential for stem cells to mature into neurons. In the absence of CHD5, stem cells are unable to silence certain genes and switch on those necessary for neuronal maturation. The study suggests restoring CHD5 in aggressive tumor cells could make them more treatable.
Researchers found that intracerebroventricular injection of neuropeptide Y gene suppressed mossy fiber sprouting, inhibited abnormal synaptophysin expression, and reduced epileptic seizures. This study suggests a recombinant adeno-associated virus expression vector carrying the neuropeptide Y gene as a potential therapeutic approach.
Researchers at Kansas State University have successfully restored hearing and balance in mice with a genetic mutation that causes hereditary deafness. The study, published in PLOS Genetics, uses a targeted approach to rescue hearing and balance by restoring pendrin expression in the endolymphatic sac. This finding has significant impli...
Scientists developed a histology expression predictor for common types of lung cancer using paraffin samples, achieving accuracy comparable to pathologists. The technology has potential applications in predicting responses to therapies and prognostication.
A study on rats found that stress even before conception causes changes in the expression of a gene linked to the stress mechanism, affecting offspring's brains. The research suggests a potential link between transgenerational influences and human experiences.
Research found epigenetic changes in fat cells after exercise, influencing genes linked to type 2 diabetes and obesity. The study provides new insights into the mechanisms of how physical activity affects disease risk.
Research finds that voluntary wheel running reduces pro-inflammatory gene expression in the colon, while forced treadmill running increases it. Forced exercise also disrupts the gut's microbial environment.
Researchers found that men with haplogroup I have lower numbers of copies of two important genes in macrophages, which may contribute to increased risk of coronary artery disease. The study used a sample of around 2,000 men from four European populations and aimed to decipher the genetic background behind the association.
The TEDDY study has identified a unique perspective on which molecular and environmental factors contribute to type 1 diabetes. By parsing genetic mutations, scientists can better predict disease progression and identify potential protective factors.
Researchers have discovered a push-pull system in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that allows the biological clock to adjust to changes in day/night cycles. The system uses neurotransmitters GABA and VIP to synchronize neurons and maintain accuracy within minutes of the day.
Scientists have genetically engineered mice to mimic high levels of neuregulin-1 associated with schizophrenia, and found that reversing this gene expression eliminated classic symptoms. The study suggests that targeting excessive neuregulin-1 levels could be a new approach to treating the disorder.
Scientists have reversed behavioral and brain abnormalities in adult mice by restoring normal expression to the Neuregulin1 gene, which is over-expressed in humans with schizophrenia. The findings suggest that damage caused by abnormal prenatal expression may be reversible in adulthood, offering hope for treatment of some patients.
Researchers found that transgenic expression of normal CFTR in the intestine of CF pigs eased meconium ileus, a common symptom of CF. Despite this improvement, other CF symptoms persisted, highlighting tissue-specific gene replacement as a potential treatment strategy.
A recent study has revealed the magnitude of variation in gene expression measurements within breast cancers. Combining samples from multiple biopsies from a single tumour can effectively overcome this variation for selected genes, allowing for more precise treatment tailoring and reliable predictions related to disease progression.
A recent study published at the 5th IMPAKT Breast Cancer Conference finds that gene expression tests can effectively tailor cancer treatments to individual patients, despite variability in tumor cell types and gene expression. The researchers analyzed 78 biopsies from 26 tumors and found that some genomic tests were more reliable than ...
A new study found that certain compounds in honey, including p-coumaric acid and propolis, can stimulate the expression of detoxification genes and immunity genes in honey bees. This suggests that a diet rich in these substances may help protect against pesticide exposure and other threats.
A study by Dr. Susan K. Wood found that social stress can lead to inflammatory changes in the brain, increasing vulnerability to depression and heart disease. The research identified specific genes and proteins involved in this process, shedding light on potential targets for treatment.
The study reveals that turtles activate existing genes in new ways to adapt to oxygen deprivation, which may lead to improved treatments for human heart conditions. The research also highlights the importance of preserving turtle diversity due to their slow evolution rate and declining global populations.
Researchers have created a numeric model of the chromosome that supports experimental data and provides a hypothesis on the bundle's function. The model identifies regions with specific genes, contradicting the chaotic view of the chromosome as a randomly entangled thread.