Articles tagged with Gene Expression
A new human respiratory tissue model, MucilAir, has been shown to maintain normal biochemical processes for at least six months. The model is suitable for testing the impact of repeated exposures over a prolonged period, making it a valuable tool for assessing the toxicological effects of inhaled chemicals and safety of medicines.
A study by University College London researchers discovered that male birds with physical ornaments tend to have genomes with mildly negative mutations. This leads to reduced fitness in their descendants. The study focused on the Galloanserae bird group, analyzing genetic material from various species.
A study published in Cell Reports identified RBFox2 as a critical protein in the progression from weakened heart muscle to heart failure. The researchers found that reduced RBFox2 expression coincides with weakening of the heart muscle, suggesting a causal role in heart failure.
Christophe Lavelle's research combines biophysics with genome compaction and gene expression to improve cooking techniques. The study of molecular gastronomy reveals the physical and chemical processes involved in food preparation and consumption, leading to healthier eating habits and more delicious meals.
A study led by Dr. Howard Steiger found that individuals with anorexia nervosa exhibit disorder-relevant alterations in DNA methylation, affecting emotional reactions, physiological functions, and behaviors. Early treatment is crucial to prevent chronicity of the illness.
A new study by Johns Hopkins researchers links the Notch cell signaling pathway to pilocytic astrocytoma, a common and slow-growing brain tumor in children. The study found that Notch was abnormally active in nearly all samples of PA brain tissue, suggesting it may be a therapeutic target for treatment.
The discovery of pALTINK4a/b in naked mole rats could explain their resistance to cancer. The protein is better at stopping cells from dividing than the human version of the INK4 gene locus, which only encodes three proteins.
A University of Colorado study finds alterations in expression of PIK3R3 and PTEN genes in young-adult Ewing Sarcoma, commonly observed in adult tumors. These findings could lead to adapted therapeutic strategies for adult cancers to treat Ewing Sarcoma.
Researchers at Henry Ford Hospital identified a gene that may contribute to keloid scar development. The study found altered AHNAK gene expression in keloid tissue, suggesting a potential target for novel treatments.
A new statistical method for RNA-seq analysis has identified and corrected for hidden structure between cells, revealing new subtypes that may have distinct functions. This breakthrough allows researchers to create more accurate gene-expression profiles and explore cell types in cancers and diseases.
The Damon Runyon-Rachleff Innovation Award funds novel approaches to fighting cancer, enabling exceptionally creative thinkers to develop high-risk/high-reward ideas that lack preliminary data. The awardees have the potential to significantly impact cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Researchers found that exposure to diesel exhaust for just two hours can alter DNA methylation, changing the expression of approximately 400 genes. This epigenetic shift can have long-term effects on health, even without noticeable symptoms.
The study found that the Nordic diet reduced inflammation-associated gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue, even in overweight individuals. This suggests a possible link between diet and improved metabolic health.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have successfully used electromagnetic waves to remotely control insulin production in diabetic mice, opening up new possibilities for treating diseases. The system, dubbed radiogenetics, uses a natural iron storage particle and heat-activated ion channel to trigger gene expression in cells.
A new statistical model developed by WPI's Patrick Flaherty allows better identification of different cell types found in solid tumors, enabling more targeted treatment options. The GLAD model accurately predicted the fractions of various subtypes in glioblastoma tumors and has potential applications in breast cancer treatment.
Researchers found associations between extraversion and pro-inflammatory genes, as well as conscientiousness and reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression. These findings support the idea that personality traits influence health and longevity.
Researchers found that microglia cells in autism brains are perpetually activated and their genes for inflammation responses are turned on. The study is the largest so far of gene expression in autism brains, analyzing data from 104 brain samples.
A study found that cancer's gene-control system is disordered, allowing tumors to adapt and evade therapy. The disorder in methylation patterns - a process controlling gene expression - contributes to cancer progression and heterogeneity.
A study found that high sugar diets in male fruit flies can cause obesity in their offspring through epigenetic changes affecting gene expression. Researchers also discovered a similar system regulating obesity susceptibility in mice and humans.
The NIST 'erccdashboard' tool evaluates experimental methods used to study gene expression, ensuring reproducibility and reliability. The dashboard provides a standardized approach for analyzing gene expression data, allowing researchers to assess technical performance and prevent erroneous conclusions.
A new study from the University of Chicago found that female birds' color vision is essential for mate selection and sexual dimorphism. The research, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, suggests that the expression of a specific opsin gene is linked to the evolution of colorful plumage in males.
Researchers have determined that the yellow fever virus replicates primarily in the liver, causing significant damage to liver cells. This knowledge could help identify an earlier clinical outcome measure of disease severity, enabling doctors to provide more aggressive supportive care for patients.
Researchers have discovered that the yellow fever virus replicates primarily in the liver, causing significant damage to liver cells. A new clinical parameter has been identified, which could help manage cases of yellow fever, allowing for earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers found age-related differences in DNA methylation in 8% of genome sites, but most changes did not affect cellular function. A small subset of methylation changes were associated with altered gene expression and pulse pressure.
The review article explores the therapeutic advantages of phosphorothioate groups in oligonucleotides, enabling novel gene expression-regulation therapies. Novel applications include microRNA and long non-coding RNA targets and decoy oligonucleotides.
Scientists have identified a new therapeutic target, Mpl, which could lead to the development of novel treatments for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The study found that reducing the expression of Mpl in laboratory models can prevent the development of mutant JAK2 disease.
New research suggests that differences in DNA methylation patterns and gene activity established in the womb underpin the link between birth size and disease risk. The study found that being overweight at birth may be better than being underweight for future health.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine have devised a new way to edit the genome without using enzymes or promoters, which may lead to a safer and longer-lasting treatment for genetic diseases like hemophilia. The technique successfully cured mice with hemophilia by inserting a gene for a clotting factor missing in the animals.
Researchers create a fluorescent tag that identifies bone-producing cells in human fat, yielding more than twice the yield of potential bone-makers compared to another method. The extracted cells produce significant amounts of bone matrix and show promise for regenerative therapies.
Researchers identified over 4000 genes with differing expression profiles between VS cells and normal Schwann cells, including the aberrant PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Testing compounds BEZ235 and PKI-587 reduced tumor cell viability and increased cell death.
A Massachusetts General Hospital study analyzed circulating tumor cells and found increased expression of extracellular matrix genes, which could be a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. The study also identified distinct classes of pancreatic CTCs with unique gene expression patterns.
A recent study published in JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that soy supplementation altered the expression of genes associated with breast cancer. The study involved 140 patients who were randomized to either soy supplementation or placebo, and observed changes in several genes that promote cell cycle progression a...
The OncoFinder algorithm reduces errors in transcriptome analysis by mapping gene expression onto signalling pathways, allowing for more effective evaluation and analysis. The method enables scientists to characterise functional states of transcriptomes more accurately, improving research and clinical applications.
Researchers analyzed bladder biopsies from patients with suspected interstitial cystitis and those without the disease. The study found a significant difference in gene expression between low capacity patients and both normal capacity and control patients, suggesting a potential sub-type of IC.
Researchers used transgenic zebrafish and multidimensional time-lapse microscopy to visualize gene expression waves and segment formation. They found that the timing of segmentation is influenced by a Doppler effect caused by shortening embryonic tissue, which modulates the wave profile.
Inhibition of NgR expression reduces apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in diabetic rats by inhibiting Rho kinase, indicating a potential therapeutic target for glaucoma and related diseases. Upregulation of NgR is associated with increased cell apoptosis and visual extinction.
A study published in Science found that crows select mates with similar plumage colors due to genetic factors. The researchers identified a specific genomic region responsible for coloration and visual perception, suggesting a possible evolutionary mechanism behind species separation.
A new study reveals that gene expression profiling tests, such as Oncotype Dx, have a heightened perceived value among patients with early breast cancer due to access barriers. The carefully administered technology has led to unintended consequences like gatekeeping and perceived inequalities in access.
Researchers show that proliferation unlocks expression of Interleukin-10 in NK cells, a protein that moderates the immune system. This helps prevent hyperactivation of CD8 T cells, which can cause damage. The study provides another important role for lymphocyte proliferation and may help design vaccines.
A recent study published in Nature Communications discovered a correlation between the number of biological functions a gene has and its response to environmental changes. The research found that genes with more biological functions exhibit less protein expression change in response to temperature, challenging the long-held assumption ...
The DREAM project has successfully mined genomic data to predict breast cancer cell line responses to drugs, achieving 78% accuracy in identifying sensitive versus resistant cell lines. The study also identified molecular markers that can be tested against large collections of human samples.
A blood test has been developed to predict impending preterm birth, distinguishing between true and false labor in 70% of cases. The new test outperforms existing methods by using a set of nine genes coupled with clinical data, allowing for all women to be screened as part of routine blood work.
Researchers found that TAG-1 enhances proliferation and induces apoptosis-related gene expression without triggering apoptosis in U251 glioma cells. This study provides novel insight into the mechanisms of glial tumorigenesis by revealing the effects of transient axonal glycoprotein-1 on cell viability and signaling pathways.
Researchers developed a new gene expression analysis approach to identify cancer-associated genes from microarray data, outperforming traditional methods. The variance-based approach identified high variation in adjacent 'normal' tissue samples and preferentially selected genes specifically associated with cancer.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Maryland developed a new method, Sailfish, that dramatically speeds up estimates of gene expression from RNA sequencing data. The method can complete its analysis in a few minutes, with accuracy equal to or exceeding previous methods.
Researchers have discovered a 305-million-year-old harvestman fossil with two sets of eyes, challenging previous assumptions about the evolutionary history of arachnids. The fossil's exceptional preservation allows scientists to study its anatomy in unprecedented detail.
A new epidemiology model developed by Brown University researcher Yen-Tsung Huang integrates genomic data from SNPs, gene expression, and methylation to find significant associations with diseases like asthma and brain cancer. The model improves performance and validity across different subjects, paving the way for further applications.
Researchers found that deleting YAP from vascular smooth muscle cells causes thin-walled blood vessels prone to over-dilation and aneurysms. The protein also manages cell proliferation and suppression of the cell cycle arrest gene Gpr132, suggesting its role in normal blood vessel formation.
Researchers have identified six natural-products derivatives that can inhibit oral biofilm formation and quorum sensing in three indigenous oral Gram-positive bacteria. These compounds, structurally similar to S-ribosyl homocysteine, reduce bioluminescence in a Vibrio harveyi QS reporter, indicating inhibition of AI-2 based QS.
Researchers mapped RNA activity in 29 tissue types, cell lines, and environmental conditions to understand gene expression in the nervous system and response to stress. The study identified new genes and rare RNAs involved in stress response and complex brain function.
Researchers discovered varied gene expression patterns between male and female athletes, with altered signaling pathways regulating cartilage growth. The findings suggest genetics may play a role in the higher incidence of ACL injuries among females.
Researchers have developed a toolkit of genes and hardware using colored lights and engineered bacteria to test and debug genetic circuits. By varying the timing and intensity of lights, they can control exactly when and how much different genes are expressed.
Researchers at Lund University found epigenetic changes in approximately 800 genes of people with type 2 diabetes, which could contribute to reduced insulin production. Epigenetic changes are reversible and can be influenced by factors like age, BMI, and lifestyle.
Researchers from Karolinska Institutet found that the MYC gene promotes neural cell differentiation rather than proliferation in intact neural tissue. This discovery may lead to new approaches for treating spinal cord injuries and promoting nerve cell growth.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience suggests that abnormal gene expression resulting from DNA relaxation can be detected in the brain and blood of Alzheimer's patients. The researchers propose that drugs modifying DNA structure may be beneficial for treating Alzheimer's disease, paving the way for epigenetic-based therapies.
A recent study published in Human Gene Therapy evaluated the immune response to viral vector delivery systems and their impact on gene therapy's safety and efficacy. The researchers found that the systemic and local immune reactions induced by AAV-based gene therapy did not affect the safety of gene therapy or expression of the replace...
Research published in Cell Metabolism reveals that hotspots of fuel consumption in the adult brain are associated with ongoing development and remodeling. The study identifies 16 brain regions with elevated levels of aerobic glycolysis, which is linked to gene expression related to growth, synaptic transmission, and neurogenesis.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed genetically modified poplar trees that grow faster, resistant to insect pests and retain genes for up to 14 years. These traits could be particularly valuable in the paper and pulp industries and emerging biofuel sector.
The Gene Expression Barcode 3.0 tool helps cancer researchers process and analyze massive amounts of genetic data from patients and mice, enabling the development of tailored treatments. The improved algorithm makes it faster and more accessible for researchers to use.
Researchers found that males secrete signaling molecules that shorten the lifespan of hermaphroditic females by more than 20%. The effect persists even when genders are separated or females are sterile, indicating it's not due to physical stress or energy demands. Pheromone production is also linked to male-induced demise.