Articles tagged with Gene Expression
A recent study on male and female mice has identified hormone-controlled genes in the brain as the key drivers of sex-specific behaviors, including mating and parental care. The research found that these genes can be individually manipulated to alter behavior, suggesting a modular control of sex-specific traits.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that circular RNA molecules are more abundant than previously thought, comprising a substantial fraction of all transcripts identified for many genes. This discovery opens up new avenues for research into the potential functions and relevance of circular RNAs in human biology and health.
A research group at Brown University has sequenced the entire transcriptome of the mouse neural retina, finding that disease genes are disproportionately highly expressed and have unique sequences. This study provides new insights into the genetic nature of neural diseases.
A blood-based gene expression test was found to be more effective than myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in ruling out obstructive coronary artery disease in stable symptomatic patients. The test demonstrated high sensitivity and negative predictive value, enabling clinicians to rule out patients with high accuracy.
Researchers chart gene expression in human brain from fetal development to aging, revealing coordinated changes that shape brain structure and function. The study found reversible gene expression changes after birth and during Alzheimer's disease, with distinct patterns of change at different life stages.
Researchers developed a novel bipartite gene therapy approach to temporarily preserve photoreceptors in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. The treatment targets defective phosphodiesterase metabolism, reducing cGMP and Ca2+ levels, and showing promise for treating this genetic disorder.
Researchers identified a gene expression profile that can predict prognosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The study found two subgroups of patients, one with mild disease and the other with treatment-nonresponsive disease, which will help physicians identify those who need aggressive therapies.
Researchers have discovered a method to visualize gene number and protein expression in individual cells, potentially leading to clearer understandings of cancer and complex diseases. The fluorescent in situ gene protein assay combines FISH and in situ proximity ligation to resolve individual protein molecules.
Research finds children with autism and GI disturbances have changed genes involved in digestion, altering intestinal bacteria. These changes may contribute to behavioral disturbances in some cases.
A team of researchers evaluated the effect of low-power Terahertz radiation on mouse stem cells, finding temperature increases were minimal and heat shock protein expression was unaffected. However, certain genes showed clear effects from THz irradiation, suggesting further investigations are needed to generalize findings.
A study published in Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry found that pure maple syrup improved liver function tests in rats fed a diet with 20% pure maple syrup compared to a control group. The results suggest that maple syrup's polyphenolic antioxidants may help regulate glucose metabolism and reduce liver enzyme levels.
Researchers found that the circadian cycle, regulating day-night rhythms, drives gene expression in mussels more than previously thought. The tidal cycle's influence was less significant, with 80-90% of genes showing rhythmic expression linked to the circadian cycle.
Researchers found that photoreceptor cells in the retina had a defective phagocytosis process, leading to decreased rod and cone renewal. This discovery could lead to therapeutic agents for blinding diseases related to retinal cell renewal.
A recent study used genomics to unravel the immune response to the flu virus, finding significant and complex differences between those who got sick and those who remained asymptomatic. The research may lead to new therapies to prevent illness by detecting early warning signs of infection.
A new study published in The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics has demonstrated the feasibility of focused fetal gene expression analysis of target genes found in amniotic fluid. The analysis could be used to monitor fetal development and determine whether fetal organ systems are developing normally.
Researchers found that mannan oligosaccharides increase the total number of immune cells in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. MOS also alleviates the overstimulation of the immune system, reducing fever and improving feed efficiency.
Johns Hopkins researchers have identified a natural mechanism to block the expression of the mutated gene causing HD, potentially slowing its progression. By manipulating a newly found 'brake' gene, they aim to stop or slow production of the toxic huntingtin protein.
A new study suggests that weight loss due to bariatric surgery may reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease by lowering the expression of genes related to the condition. After a significant weight loss, patients showed a 22% decrease in amyloid precursor protein expression and a 31% decrease in messenger RNA for APP.
Pitt researchers created a mouse model of major depressive disorder (MDD) using a rare genetic mutation. The model exhibits alterations in brain anatomy, gene expression, behavior, and increased infant mortality, supporting the role of the genetic variant in MDD development.
Researchers have identified a set of genes within mitochondria crucial to understanding male infertility. Mutations in these genes can build up unnoticed and cause harm to males but not females due to maternal inheritance.
A new study confirms that 'healthy' smokers exhibit gene expression changes similar to those of patients with moderate and severe COPD. Smoking is identified as a critical factor in causing these alterations. The findings support the need for developing new therapies to slow down COPD progression.
A new study reveals that clock genes function in multiple areas of the human brain, affecting sleep patterns and cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients. The findings have significant implications for understanding and treating sleep disturbances associated with the disease.
A new study identifies SLC6A15 as a novel susceptibility gene for major depression, which may lead to the discovery of novel antidepressant drugs. The researchers found that lower expression of SLC6A15 in the hippocampus is linked to increased stress susceptibility and altered neuronal circuits.
Researchers from Mount Sinai School of Medicine have found that a ketogenic diet may reverse impaired kidney function in people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The study, published in PLoS ONE, also identified previously unreported genes associated with diabetes-related kidney failure whose expression was reversed by the diet.
A new study in fruit flies explores the potent effects of methamphetamine on the body, identifying molecular pathways and energy metabolism changes associated with the drug. The research found that sugar metabolism plays a role in reducing toxicity, while disruptions to calcium and iron balance may contribute to dysfunction.
Researchers identified a new treatment for periodic fever syndrome, targeting the body's immune response. The therapy shows promise in reducing fever and inflammation symptoms without increasing flare-ups, differing from current corticosteroid treatment. A larger clinical trial is planned to validate the findings.
Researchers found that fish oil increases expression of genes related to cellular specialization, differentiation, and immune defenses against tumors. However, it also triggers counterproductive immune responses like inflammation and allergic reactions.
Scientists discovered that the new plant species Tragopogon miscellus has relaxed gene expression control in its earliest generations, allowing it to rapidly adapt. After 80 years of evolution, different patterns of gene expression are now found in every plant, offering new ideas for agriculture.
Researchers identified molecular signatures of early glaucoma progression using clustered gene expression analysis. These findings suggest activation of the complement cascade and endothelin-2 may contribute to disease development.
The study found three genes that protect mice from brain amyloid accumulation, with lower expression in the liver protecting the mouse brain. One gene encodes Presenilin, a protein contributing to human Alzheimer's, which is expressed in the liver but not the brain.
Research identifies miR-143 and miR-145 as downregulated biomarkers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, showing anti-oncogenic activity. These findings suggest that microRNAs may serve as useful biomarkers for early detection and therapeutic targets.
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine successfully visualized single molecules of naturally-occurring messenger RNA (mRNA) transcribed in living mammalian cells. This breakthrough technique has important consequences for human disease like cancer, as mRNA localization within tumor cells correlates with metastasis.
A study published in Science reveals that satellite repeats, previously thought to be inactive, are actively expressed in many types of epithelial cancers. This discovery may lead to the development of a new cancer biomarker for early detection and improved understanding of tumor behavior.
Researchers at U-M Medical School have found a potential therapeutic target for the adult form of Fragile X Tremor Ataxia Syndrome by modifying brain changes associated with FXTAS, which is caused by overproduction of toxic mRNA.
Researchers have identified a key role for a protein called RyR2 in the development of long-term changes in brain connectivity associated with learning, memory, and addiction. By upregulating RyR2, nicotine can trigger the formation of new connections in the brain, leading to addictive behavior.
The study sequenced the human methylome from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, identifying allele-specific methylation differences associated with gene expression. The findings suggest that parental gene imprinting may be more common than previously thought, with implications for understanding human health and disease.
Christopher Gregg's groundbreaking research reveals how parental genetic cues influence brain development and disease, providing a roadmap for future research. His findings have major relevance for understanding brain evolution, function, and disease.
Scientists at the University of Illinois Chicago have found a gene expression mechanism that contributes to drug resistance in aggressive ER-positive breast tumors. The study reveals how estrogen and inflammatory proteins work together to drive cancer progression.
Researchers have discovered that RD114 envelope proteins can effectively pseudotype lentiviral vectors, offering an attractive alternative to VSV-G. This technology has the potential to enhance gene therapy approaches by increasing transduction efficiency and stability.
Researchers are calling for a new focus on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetic disorder causing sudden death in young people. A task force of cardiologists and cardiac biologists recommends studying the natural history of HCM, defining all genetic causes, supporting clinical trials, and preventing mutant gene expression.
A new software, Myrna, uses cloud computing to analyze RNA sequencing data at an unprecedented speed and cost-effectiveness. The software calculated differential expression from 1.1 billion reads in under 2 hours for a cost of around $66.
A $3 million NIH grant will help scientists at Jefferson Medical College study variations in platelet function, specifically the genetics of platelet gene expression. The goal is to identify biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular disease risk and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Exposure to low doses of BPA affects the earliest stages of egg production in the ovaries of developing mouse fetuses. The study reveals a striking down-regulation of mitotic/cell cycle genes, raising concerns about the reproductive lifespan of female mice.
Researchers discovered a set of seven genes in whole blood that can diagnose major depressive disorder (MDD) with high accuracy. This breakthrough could lead to unbiased diagnosis and reduce stigma associated with mental health problems, ultimately helping patients receive better treatment.
Research finds key gene expression pathways involved in Candidiasis-associated denture stomatitis, with significant up-regulation of TLR2 and CD28 signaling. Saliva analysis reveals six extracellular protein genes linked to stomatitis.
A new study in the FASEB Journal suggests that polyphenols in virgin olive oil can down-regulate atherosclerosis-related genes, leading to improved lipid profiles and reduced inflammation. This research provides insight into how specific foods can modify gene expression, offering potential therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular disease.
Scientists have discovered how corals respond to ocean warming, shedding light on potential methods for preserving or restoring coral reefs. The research found that some corals cope better with heat stress than others due to genetic variability, offering new insights into coral reef restoration.
Scientists present evidence that imprinted genes from the father may promote excessive resource allocation to the fetus, while those from the mother are more conservative. This could lead to sex-dependent differences in disease risk and outcomes.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has published new methods for plant gene expression and Xenopus imaging, enabling faster and more efficient investigation of gene function. These protocols utilize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and confocal microscopy to study cellular behavior and subcellular processes in plants and frog embryos.
Researchers found that a Mediterranean diet high in phenols represses pro-inflammatory genes, which could contribute to reduced cardiovascular disease risk. The study also suggests that this diet can alter the activity of immune system cells, leading to a less deleterious inflammatory profile.
Research finds enhanced MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer, while normal tissue shows no difference. Profiling matrix metalloproteinases family to understand cancer development is next step.
A new mathematical approach, csSAM, allows for accurate and quick characterization of immune cells in human blood, enabling the distinction between health and disease states. This breakthrough method identifies changes in gene expression patterns, overcoming previous obstacles such as cell separation and variation in cell proportions.
Researchers discover that mother's milk induces liver production of FGF21, a molecule that activates brown fat to increase body temperature. This phenomenon may have far-reaching consequences for metabolic health in adulthood.
Children conceived through assisted reproductive technology are at greater risk of birth defects and low birth weight, associated with obesity and diabetes. Geneticist Carmen Sapienza found altered DNA methylation and gene expression in 5-10% of these children.
Researchers found reduced p16INK4a RNA expression and demethylation of the gene in 55% of patients, suggesting a novel susceptibility marker. Low to moderate 16INK4A protein expression was also detected in 45% of retinoblastoma tumor specimens.
Research published in PLoS Biology discovered the adaptation of African cichlid fish visual sensitivity to ecological factors such as diet and water clarity. The study showed that both changes in gene expression and sequence contribute to organismal diversity, with complementary effects.
A team of researchers has identified the Chd1 gene as a crucial regulator of open chromatin in embryonic stem cells, enabling their ability to differentiate into any cell type. The study provides important insights into the mechanisms of stem cell pluripotency and opens up new avenues for the development of stem cell therapies.
A new study by Uppsala University researchers Elena Jazin and Björn Reinius found that genetic expression in cerebral cortices exhibits sex-based differences, which are thought to be associated with later divergences in brain development. The study suggests that genes on the Y chromosome play a crucial role in these differences.
A study of 124 patients with advanced biliary tract cancer found EGFR overexpression in 39.3% of tumors, while HER2 overexpression and gene amplification were present in only 5% of cases. This suggests that targeting EGFR may be a promising therapeutic approach for BTC, while routine testing and targeting of HER2 is not recommended.
The study found that S100A2 protein expression was reduced while p63 protein expression was increased, indicating their involvement in EC carcinogenesis. Combined expression of S100A2 and p63 may aid in early diagnosis and prognostication of ESCC.