Articles tagged with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
A Northwestern University study found that viral reservoirs in a proxy animal model of HIV share features with immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments, suggesting that future HIV cure strategies may benefit from traditional cancer therapy approaches. By examining the broader tissue microenvironment, researchers identified shared bio...
A team at Texas Biomedical Research Institute found that even with effective treatments for TB and HIV, the immune system remains seriously out-of-whack following treatment. The study suggests that host-directed therapies specifically targeting the immune system could potentially restore lung immune system functionality.
A groundbreaking study in The American Journal of Pathology reveals a perineural pathway that enables HIV-infected immune cells to redistribute throughout the body, sustaining inflammation. The findings highlight the importance of the connection between the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system in immunity.
A study by Texas Biomed researchers identified mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and inguinal lymph nodes as the leading sources of HIV rebound infection. The findings have implications for potential new therapies targeting these tissues to prevent viral spread.
Scientists have discovered a TB vaccination strategy that prevents lung infection in monkeys infected with SIV, despite the vaccine being contraindicated for people living with HIV. The results show promise for protecting people with HIV against TB, which is the leading cause of death among them.
A novel CRISPR-based gene-editing treatment, EBT-001, effectively removes SIV from the genomes of non-human primates without off-target effects. The study's findings support the development of a cure for HIV/AIDS in humans and pave the way for ongoing clinical trials.
Researchers have found that gut health is the main determinant of systemic inflammation and disease progression in HIV. By targeting the root cause of problems, therapies may be able to slow the progression of the virus by preserving gut integrity.
Researchers found that a monkey variant of HIV uses different amino acids to counteract human tetherin than it does in monkeys, suggesting a potential route for SIV to infect humans.
Researchers found that starting combined antiretroviral therapy against simian immunodeficiency virus two weeks after infection significantly reduced chronic immune activation, SIV replication, and latent TB reactivation. This study contributes to the growing evidence on the complex interaction between HIV and tuberculosis.
A new study found that combining interleukin-21 and interferon alpha with antiviral therapy boosts natural killer cell activity to combat HIV. This innovative approach could lead to additional treatment options to control HIV/AIDS, reducing reliance on current treatments.
Researchers from Oregon Health & Science University have finally understood how their cytomegalovirus-based vaccine works in monkeys, generating a unique type of immune response to fight off SIV. The breakthrough sheds light on the design of future CMV-based vaccines and offers new hope against HIV.
Researchers successfully edited SIV - a virus closely related to HIV - from the genomes of non-human primates using CRISPR gene-editing. The breakthrough demonstrates that the editing tool can reach infected cells and tissues, including viral reservoirs where the viruses integrate into host DNA.
Primate immunodeficiency viruses have evolved to neutralize the human defense system by inactivating BST-2. The researchers identified a specific amino acid sequence in Vpu protein that enables this adaptation, allowing the virus to survive in a hostile environment.
Scientists reactivated resting immune cells infected with HIV or SIV, allowing viruses to be neutralized by anti-HIV drugs and the immune system. The study uses a compound called AZD5582, which activates latent cells without causing toxicity.
A recent study suggests that wound healing in mucous tissues during early SIV infection may prevent disease progression and AIDS. The researchers found that African green monkeys, a natural host for HIV, quickly activate regenerative wound healing mechanisms in their mucosal tissue, interrupting the course of the disease.
Despite three failed replications, Science is maintaining an Editorial Expression of Concern (EEoC) on the 2016 study by Siddappa N. Byrareddy et al., which reported significant results for SIV virus treatment using an antibody targeting integrin protein α4β7.
A study using cryoEM revealed the structural effect of a human mutation that made us immune to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The mutation disrupted the ability of an SIV protein to bind human proteins, giving humans a grace period of tens to hundreds of thousands of years without the disease. This finding could provide clues for...
A protein from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) has shown promise as a potential component of an HIV vaccine, eliciting antibodies that neutralize infection against multiple HIV strains. The study uses SIV Env proteins to stimulate the immune system to produce protective antibodies.
Researchers found that chimpanzees' highly variable CD4 receptors block HIV and SIV entry into cells. This natural defense mechanism could inform the development of more effective HIV vaccines.
Researchers at Kyoto University found that the Vpu protein in HIV allows it to overcome human tetherin, enabling efficient virus replication. Restoring normal levels of tetherin can suppress virus replication.
A team of scientists led by Guido Silvestri at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center has sequenced the sooty mangabey genome, revealing clues that may help people infected with HIV. The study found two key differences in proteins of the immune system that may contribute to the mangabeys' resistance to AIDS.
Researchers found that human APOBEC3H strongly inhibited SIVcpz due to its resistance to Vif proteins. The study suggests that human APOBEC3H may protect against HIV-1 transmission from chimps, particularly in individuals with unstable forms of the protein.
Researchers analyzed monkey brains infected with SIV on antiretroviral therapy and found persistent lymphocyte-dominant inflammation, suggesting underlying cognitive problems. The study suggests that adjunctive immunomodulatory therapies may be useful in patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
Researchers analyzed vervet monkey genes to understand their interaction with SIV, a close relative of HIV. The study revealed the monkeys' ability to live with the virus has evolved over time, offering valuable data for humans to develop more effective treatments.
Researchers tested a new vaccination approach in rhesus monkeys, finding that the type and order of administration influenced immune activation. The study showed promise for inducing sustained protective immunity without increasing CD4+ T helper cells.
Scientists at the NIH found that an antibody against alpha-4 beta-7 integrin protected monkeys from SIV, reducing transmission and inducing sustained remission. The protein is crucial to HIV's initial phase of infection, influencing disease development.
Researchers successfully achieved sustained viral remission in rhesus macaques by supplementing antiretroviral drugs with an antibody. The virus remained undetectable for almost two years after withdrawal of treatment, demonstrating a promising potential treatment for HIV.
Researchers at NIH and Emory successfully induced sustained remission of SIV in infected monkeys for up to 23 months. The regimen, which combined 90 days of ART with infusions of a laboratory-derived antibody, restored key immune cells and eliminated viral reservoirs.
A new study by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln has confirmed that certain strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) can infect human cells, supporting a hypothesis that HIV originated from chimpanzee transmission. The research found that SIV strains with genetic similarities to HIV-1 M were more likely to infect humans.
Researchers found that combining antiretroviral therapy with an immune-enhancing treatment can destabilize viral reservoirs in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. The treatment, which targets PD-1, boosted anti-viral CD8+ cells and reduced SIV levels in infected monkeys.
A new study confirms the efficacy of the RV144 HIV vaccine in macaques, disproving the notion that a stronger adjuvant yields better results. The study found that changing the adjuvant did not improve the vaccine's effectiveness, but instead triggered an immune response at the site of infection.
Scientists have identified hundreds of infected cells at different points of initial entry and developed a technology that lights up the location of first cells to be infected. This discovery will enable researchers to develop more effective vaccines against HIV by targeting the primary target of transmission, Th17 cell.
A study in monkeys exposed to SIV reveals what happens in the very earliest stages of infection, providing insights into vaccine development and prevention. The findings suggest a narrow window of opportunity to contain or eliminate the virus.
Researchers exposed monkeys to SIV, the monkey equivalent of HIV, and found that the virus triggers early host responses that suppress antiviral immunity. This early inflammation promotes viral replication, highlighting the need for effective prevention tools.
Research suggests that adipose tissue acts as an HIV reservoir, hosting virus-producing cells and contributing to chronic immune activation. The study found similar results in human patients undergoing surgery, highlighting the potential for modulating fat tissue to limit viral persistence and inflammation.
Researchers found that vaccinated monkeys infected with SIV develop high levels of neutralizing antibodies in their blood but are still susceptible to infection. The study's findings challenge the long-held assumption that a protective vaccine only needs moderate antibody levels to neutralize the virus.
A new study led by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center shows that a novel HIV-1 vaccine regimen provides complete protection against simian immunodeficiency virus in half of vaccinated non-human primates. The vaccine regimen involves a viral vector boosted with a purified envelope protein, demonstrating improved protection over previo...
Researchers developed a non-invasive method to image SIV replication in real-time, allowing capture of viral dynamics and identification of novel sites of replication. The approach has broad application to studying immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis and potential use in human patients to identify viral reservoirs.
Vaccines targeting HIV can backfire and lead to increased infection rates if they activate too many viral target cells. A recent primate model study found that higher levels of activated CD4+ T cells in mucosal tissues were associated with an increased risk of infection.
Researchers report that SIV can become entrenched in tissues fewer than 3 days after infection, establishing a permanent reservoir. Early antiretroviral therapy showed limited effectiveness in preventing this establishment.
Researchers have developed a new monkey model for AIDS using pigtailed macaques, which can cause full-blown AIDS in primates. The model allows for the study of HIV-1's interaction with host antiviral defenses and has the potential to improve prevention and treatment research.
Researchers validated microbial translocation hypothesis in SIV-infected pigtail macaques, finding that sevelamer treatment reduced systemic LPS and activated peripheral CD4+ T cells. Sevelamer also lowered viral titers and coagulation biomarkers, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for HIV.
Corneal nerve fiber assessment has great potential as a tool to diagnose and monitor peripheral neuropathy induced by HIV, say scientists at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. The study found that SIV-infected macaque model showed decreased corneal nerve fiber density and correlated with epidermal nerve fiber length.
A recent animal vaccine study has provided valuable insights that may lead to the development of more effective HIV vaccines. The study found that antibodies targeting SIV spikes can prevent infection and identified clear measures of immune responses that predict protection.
Researchers at Oregon Health & Science University have developed an HIV/AIDS vaccine candidate that appears to completely clear the AIDS-causing virus from the body. The vaccine uses a modified form of cytomegalovirus to generate T-cells capable of targeting and eliminating infected cells.
Researchers found that a subtype of CD4-positive immune cells called Th17 cells in the gut could influence disease outcome and help control HIV growth. Increasing these cells may promote an environment with more anti-viral capabilities, potentially improving treatment outcomes.
Researchers at UCSF have discovered that rhesus macaques with more Th17 cells in their gut are better able to control SIV and live longer after infection. This finding may shed light on why some people infected with HIV live longer and have fewer health problems than others.
Researchers found that HIV-1 replication in human tissues increases with a single amino acid change in the Gag protein. This adaptation is crucial for efficient viral replication and may have played a role in the emergence of HIV/AIDS.
SIV's natural hosts, non-human primates, display a unique immune response to the virus, characterized by low immune activation and efficient preservation of immune cells. This study suggests that understanding these adaptations could inform medical care for people living with HIV.
Scientists at Emory University and GeoVax Labs developed a vaccine that protected nonhuman primates against multiple SIV exposures over three years. The vaccine regimen included a DNA prime vaccine with GM-CSF, which enhanced immune responses and provided 70-84% overall protection.
Researchers have developed a vaccine that partially protects monkeys against a virulent HIV-like virus, with the best predictor of protection being antibodies targeting the virus surface protein. The study suggests that an immune system mechanism for prevention differs from control of viral replication.
Researchers have discovered a way sooty mangabeys' immune cells resist SIV infection: they close the gates that viruses use to enter cells. This finding may lead to better coping strategies for HIV-infected individuals.
Scientists administered SIV vaccine to monkeys and found neutralizing antibodies and genetic factors correlated with protection. The vaccine reduced infection rate by 50% in some monkeys, providing evidence for immune response needed to prevent HIV infection.
The iPrEx study found daily oral Truvada effective in preventing HIV infection in gay and bisexual men and transgender women. Researchers also discovered small but significant decreases in bone mineral density among those taking Truvada compared to a placebo.
Scientists have discovered that Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), an ancestor of HIV, is thousands of years old, challenging previous estimates. The research suggests SIV may be even older than a million years and has implications for understanding the origin of HIV.
Researchers have discovered that a precursor to the AIDS-causing HIV is at least 32,000 years old, contradicting previous estimates. The study suggests that HIV's evolution into a non-lethal form is unlikely due to its rapid virulence.
A recent study found that the original HIV strain still exists in the body months after initial infection, with immune cells degrading it at an accelerated rate. The research analyzed over 100,000 genetic snippets and revealed that the virus mutates rapidly to evade the immune system, but certain portions remain persistent.
Researchers have discovered that SIV induces a vigorous immune response in both natural and susceptible hosts, but only in natural hosts is the response brought under control. This study provides new insights into how to control HIV infection of humans by understanding the mechanisms behind SIV's rapid control of immune activation.
A study identified a gene variant associated with elevated baseline blood pressure, suggesting it may be a good target for drugs to alleviate stress-induced hypertension. The researchers also found that the protein generated by this gene influences sympathetic activity and prevents stress-induced hypertension in both mice and humans.
A new study reveals that chimpanzees infected with SIV, the precursor to HIV-1, contract and die from AIDS. Infected females were less likely to give birth, and infants born to infected mothers were unlikely to survive. The virus was transmitted sexually and through mother's milk.