Articles tagged with Gender
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A URI researcher has published a series of articles in the journal Biological Invasions to address concerns about diversity, equity and inclusion. The study found that the editorial board was overwhelmingly American and white, with most papers published by Americans and Europeans.
A study by Universitat Oberta de Catalunya found that teachers attribute boys' academic achievements to intelligence and girls' performance to hard work. The research aimed to establish the extent of sexist attitudes among secondary school teachers and their impact on students' career paths.
A new study reveals that female physician-parents were more likely to experience disruption to their home and work lives, and suffered from higher rates of depression and anxiety compared to male counterparts. The study also found that motherhood contributed to a significant increase in depression symptoms over time.
A new study by McGill University researchers found that COVID-19 lockdowns disproportionately affected graduate students' mental health, particularly among women. Women reported more stress related to remote teaching and caregiving responsibilities, leading to increased depressive symptoms.
The article highlights the importance of recovering routine vaccination rates after the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccinations for MMR, DTaP, polio, and HPV have seen significant drops, posing dire consequences to population health. Experts emphasize the need for stakeholders to drive awareness, facilitate access, and build vaccine confidence.
A NIH study found that sexual identity intersects with gender, age, and race/ethnicity to compound suicide risk for some lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Rates of suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts were higher among LGB adults compared to heterosexual adults across all demographic groups.
A cross-national field experiment found no gender discrimination against young women in hiring processes for female-dominated occupations. In contrast, men were discriminated against in Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, and the UK, with a 5-9% lower chance of receiving feedback on their applications.
A new study found that UK citizens experienced drastic changes in their daily routines during lockdowns, with parents of young children spending significantly more time on housework and childcare. This led to a reduction in paid work time for most people, with women with young children being particularly affected.
A Simon Fraser University study reveals childcare educators and unpaid caregivers faced fear, anxiety, and unclear public health directives during the pandemic. The findings highlight the need for a gender-responsive pandemic preparedness plan to mitigate unequal effects on women's careers and wellbeing.
A new study suggests that women are just as competitive as men in competitions, and that their reluctance to take risks is not the cause of the gender wage gap. Researchers found that when given the option to share winnings with losers, women were more likely to compete and excel.
A study of 5 million authors found that the pandemic exacerbated existing gender inequalities in academia, with women submitting fewer manuscripts than men across various fields. The research highlights the need for addressing these disparities to prevent long-term effects on career success and deepen gender inequality.
The USPSTF report describes methods used to identify recommendations with sex or gender components and propose an approach to making recommendations respectful of gender diversity. The task force aims to clarify the populations for which these recommendations should apply.
A study of 2,329 academic journals found a significant gender gap in manuscript submissions during the first COVID-19 wave, with women submitting fewer papers than men, especially in health and medicine.
A new study aggregates evidence from experiments on performance incentives globally, finding that men and women respond similarly to rewards for achieving performance objectives. The study suggests that performance pay boosts productivity for both genders across various contexts and program designs.
A study published in Annals of Surgery found that gender-affirming mastectomies significantly improved mental health measures, body image, and self-confidence in transmasculine patients. The procedures also led to increased satisfaction with appearance and social functioning.
A Cornell University study finds that noncompete agreements disproportionately affect women entrepreneurs, blocking them from starting high-growth companies. The 'fear factor' associated with noncompetes also limits the ability of women to hire experienced employees, making entrepreneurial ventures riskier.
A University of Alberta-led study found that anemia can generate different immune responses in males versus females, making females more prone to infections. The research highlights the importance of considering sex as a variable in prevention, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for immune-related conditions.
Researchers identified six major themes associated with smoking risk and protective factors among TGE adults, including experience of stress, gender affirmation, and environmental cues. The study aims to design culturally sensitive messaging for smoking cessation through social media and inform further community-engaged research.
A pilot program providing tailored cervical cancer screening for trans men and nonbinary people was well-received, with 100% satisfaction rates. The program aimed to address barriers such as dysphoria and stigma, and could serve as a model for similar programs.
Research suggests that fostering positive workplace social relationships between men and women can improve gender equity and inclusion in STEM. Even small gestures of social inclusion, such as chatting with female teammates during breaks, can reduce stereotypes and increase feelings of engagement.
Researchers found that women were less likely to participate in leadership selection under the 'opt-in' mechanism, but this gap disappeared when competitiveness was removed. The 'opt-out' mechanism effectively eliminates gender gaps and helps employees avoid stress associated with negotiating for leadership roles.
A new algorithmic approach predicts strong leaders by analyzing shared traits and attributes associated with effective leadership. The study identifies liberators and explorers as the most effective leaders, while media celebrities are seen as lacking in leadership qualities.
Researchers studied individuals with isolated GnRH deficiency, a rare endocrine disorder that affects hormone production. Men with IGD reported higher levels of childhood gender non-conformity, while women did not differ from typical women. This suggests that early androgens play a direct role in shaping male brain development.
A controlled trial found that consuming an avocado daily for 12 weeks reduced visceral abdominal fat and the ratio of visceral to subcutaneous fat in female participants. The benefits were primarily seen in females, with no impact on glucose tolerance or male participants.
A new study reveals women receive less credit for their work, experience more disagreements over authorship, and are often excluded from future collaborations. The authors call for standardization in authorship decisions and universities to provide pathways for researchers to communicate concerns.
Researchers found that UVB phototherapy increases levels of romantic passion and aggression in both men and women. Exposure to sunlight affects the endocrine system's regulation of sexual hormones.
A Lund University study finds that people often take psychological abuse less seriously, with physical violence being perceived as more severe. The research suggests communication difficulties and preconceived notions based on gender contribute to these disparities.
A study examining Pennsylvania death penalty cases found that victim's gender and race affected every outcome. Cases with white female, male or black male victims were more likely to receive a death sentence than those with black female victims. The study also found that prosecutors were more likely to seek the death penalty in cases w...
A new study from the University of South Australia reveals that Australian firms with large gender pay gaps are not only perpetuating inequality but also harming their overall performance. The research found that women executives in top management teams can lower a firm's annual return on assets by 2.2%.
A national survey in Japan found that men express a stronger wish for longevity than women, while having children and higher income levels also influence desires for a long life. The study sheds light on the individual attitudes toward longevity among Japanese citizens.
A unique study co-designed by young women aims to develop trauma-informed, gender-responsive mental health resources. The initiative seeks to provide dedicated safe spaces for young women to connect, lean on each other, and share experiences.
Boston University has received a $50,000 Prize for Enhancing Faculty Gender Diversity from the National Institutes of Health. The institution's three-pronged approach to supporting women STEMM faculty members has substantively improved gender equity, including increased rates of promotion and diversified leadership.
New research published in Social Psychological and Personality Science reveals that men who express support for gender equality can significantly reduce women's anticipation of workplace harassment and hostility. The presence of an ally also increases feelings of identity-safety, such as a sense of belonging and trust in the group.
A University of Houston study found that assertiveness is linked to initiating negotiations, while politeness and compassion are not. Women's tendency to avoid negotiating with male bosses may be due to gender norms being perceived as violated by female leaders.
A multidisciplinary team at KU is working with middle school teachers to develop education modules that expose students to science, psychology, and engineering design. The goal is to address barriers faced by women and minorities in the field, such as gender stereotyping and self-efficacy.
A new study suggests that girls are less likely to view science as a viable career when taught alongside confident and aspirational peers. Contrary to expectations, boys' confidence in STEM subjects is more likely to inspire them to pursue careers in the field.
A study found that women with severe large vessel occlusion ischemic strokes are approximately 11% less likely to be sent to comprehensive stroke centers compared to men. Stroke severity, travel distances, and comorbidities were similar between genders.
Research reveals that transgender and gender nonbinary adults experience higher rates of subjective cognitive decline, depression, and functional limitations compared to cisgender adults. The findings highlight the need for culturally competent healthcare services to address the unique needs of aging transgender individuals.
Three-quarters of surveyed trans and gender diverse Australians experienced at least two negative encounters with gender insensitivity in sexual health care. The survey found significant associations between cisgenderism, testing for HIV and other STIs, and poor healthcare outcomes.
A study of 1,741 women and 620 men aged ?65 years found that cognitive decline is linked to accelerated bone loss and a higher risk of fractures in women. The bidirectional relationship between bone loss, cognitive decline, and fracture risk suggests shared underlying factors.
A new clinic has significantly improved the mental health and well-being of transgender young people in Melbourne. The First Assessment Single Session Triage (FASST) clinic reduced initial wait times to just 10 months, resulting in lower levels of depression and anxiety.
Researchers at Bocconi University analyzed data from France and found that districts with larger gender pay gaps had fewer female candidates and lower votes for women. The study suggests that voters' biases against female politicians limit the effectiveness of quota rules in allocating female candidates to contested districts.
A new study analyzed nearly 4,500 COVID-19 studies, finding that only 21% explicitly plan to address sex and gender. Sex differences can impact treatment outcomes, with men being more vulnerable to severe COVID-19 symptoms.
Experts warn that digital government research and practice have neglected women's digital needs, leading to a persistent gender gap. The authors call for a comprehensive approach to include male authors discussing gender issues, collect gender-sensitive data, and design services accordingly.
A new study finds that electoral districts with a larger gender pay gap tend to have fewer female candidates, as voters' biases against women candidates can lead to lower vote shares. The Parity Law has had limited impact in reducing this disparity, with parties strategically allocating female candidates to less competitive districts.
Research at McGill University found that patented biomedical inventions created by women are more likely to benefit women's health, addressing conditions like breast cancer and postpartum preeclampsia. However, female inventors face significant barriers, including lower commercialization rates and biases in early-stage feedback.
A team of researchers has developed an AI system that can detect COVID-19 through automatic cough analysis. The system uses spectrogram features and demonstrates improved accuracy when incorporating gender information, which is found to be a significant factor in distinguishing between male and female coughs.
A recent study published in PNAS found that women who lose local or state elections are equally likely to run for office again as men. Despite prior research suggesting women may be more risk-averse, the study reveals no statistically distinguishable difference between genders in choosing to seek office after losses.
Researchers analyzed election data to find that men and women are equally likely to run for office after electoral losses. Gender does not affect political ambition after electoral setbacks, according to the study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) has established a framework to address the unmet need for support of female rheumatologists and other healthcare professionals in academic rheumatology. The framework outlines six thematic areas with 29 potential interventions to accelerate gender-equitable career advancement.
A study published in Violence Against Women found that political biases strongly influence attitudes towards sexual assault. Both Republicans and Democrats tend to blame victims more when strongly identifying with their party affiliation. The researchers also discovered that partisan identity often supersedes gender in shaping these at...
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have created a curriculum assessment tool to evaluate the inclusion of LGBTQI topics in medical education. The tool, SGM-CAT, helps identify areas where SGM content is underrepresented in curricula.
A study by Pilar Gonalons-Pons and Markus Gangl found that unemployment affects romantic relationships more strongly in countries with strict gender norms. The researchers discovered a stronger association between men's unemployment and relationship breakup in societies where masculinity is tied to breadwinning, highlighting the signif...
Studies presented at SLEEP 2021 show a potential model for predicting COVID-19 infection based on sleep duration, quality, and heart rate variability. The 360 smart bed's SleepIQ technology provides individualized sleep health evaluations and outcomes.
A new study found that alcoholic men and women respond differently to their disease, with distinct levels of brain activity and abnormalities. The researchers suggest that clinicians should approach different prevention and treatment strategies for men and women.
A study of 1,129 college students reveals that stronger self-efficacy beliefs lead to leadership roles for LGBQIQ individuals and increased achievement efforts among feminist-leaning women. Career counselors can use these findings to support students in achieving their occupational goals.
A study of university students found that despite optimistic initial expectations, women tended to decrease their expected wages after being informed about the actual wages of similar graduates. In contrast, male students increased their expected wages under the same conditions. The study suggests a persistent gender gap in wage expect...
A new study found that over half of transgender adolescents engage in substance use as a coping strategy for GM-related stressors. Internalized transphobia and family functioning were key factors in predicting substance use.
A Singapore study explores how female students fare in STEM careers, revealing only half of graduates stay in the field. The research aims to stem the 'leaky pipeline' by investigating early exposure to female role models and group work dynamics.
A new study reveals that young men are more likely to engage in direct political actions, while women prefer civic activities like volunteering. The researchers attribute this gap to societal roles and expectations instilled from an early age.