Articles tagged with Lungs
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Endothelial cells lining pulmonary veins contribute to blood vessel repair and angiogenesis after lung injury. The study found that these cells proliferate into the adjacent capillary bed, differentiating into capillary cells, which can help regenerate damaged tissues.
Researchers at McGill University have discovered that pregnancy enhances the body's natural immunity to block severe flu infection. By activating a powerful molecule in the nasal cavity, pregnant women may benefit from stronger antiviral defenses against the Influenza A virus.
A growing number of engineered stone countertop workers are developing silicosis, a long-term lung disease caused by inhaling crystalline silica dust. The disease can lead to respiratory failure, increased risk of infection, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Researchers found lower pulmonary gas exchange may be associated with impaired cognitive function in patients with long COVID. The study also showed a potential treatment strategy using methods that target improved gas exchange, suggesting a causative relationship between cognitive dysfunction and lung dysfunction.
Researchers identified acute effects of cigarette and e-cigarette smoking on vascular function, including decreased blood flow velocity and venous oxygen saturation. The study found that vaping with and without nicotine led to significant changes in vascular function, highlighting the potential harm of vaping even without nicotine.
Researchers use AI to predict COPD flare-ups based on daily urine tests, potentially allowing for proactive treatment and prevention. The study identifies biomarkers in urine that can forecast a flare-up seven days prior to symptoms.
Researchers developed a nasal vaccine combining traditional pertussis antigens with an innovative adjuvant called T-vant to boost immune response. The new vaccine was shown to prevent the bacteria's colonization in the respiratory tract, significantly curbing whooping cough spread.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have discovered a molecular pathway involving protein BLIMP1 that generates Th2 cells in response to inhaled house dust mite, driving allergic asthma. The study also found signaling molecules IL2 and IL10 are required for BLIMP1 expression, offering new therapeutic options.
A new study found that zinc deficiency promotes lung infection by Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria, which is a leading cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Blocking IL-13 prevented infection-associated death in an animal model, suggesting anti-IL-13 antibodies may protect against bacterial pneumonia in patients with zinc deficiency.
Researchers have made significant strides toward creating inhalable mRNA medicines using a novel lipid-polymer nanoparticle. The nanoparticles successfully deliver aerosols to mice's lungs and demonstrate uniform protein expression in tissues.
A new blood test can detect early signs of lung damage caused by antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) in cancer patients, providing a safer alternative to frequent scans. This breakthrough method analyzes specific markers in circulating DNA, enabling doctors to monitor patients for lung complications without relying solely on imaging scans.
Researchers successfully delivered anti-cancer ASO molecules to lung tumor sites using human red blood cells, demonstrating potent anti-cancer effects against NSCLC. The approach utilizes EGFR-targeting moieties to home in on cancerous cells, offering a potentially powerful treatment modality for personalized cancer medicine.
A new study suggests that berry-flavored vapes can weaken the lungs' natural defences, making it harder for the body to fight off infections. The research adds to growing evidence on how added flavourings in vaping solutions exacerbate dangers.
Researchers from Texas A&M University synthesized research findings to improve medical devices and therapy success rates. The review emphasizes the need to understand macrophage cell behavior to develop targeted immunotherapy treatments.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center have made significant advancements in understanding tissue regeneration, with a focus on epigenetic regulation and retrotransposon suppression. MicroRNAs have also been identified as potential biomarkers for COVID-19 severity in cancer patients, while a novel protein complex drives lung regenera...
Research from Karolinska Institutet finds that abnormal BMI in children can lead to impaired lung function, but normalizing BMI before adulthood may offset this. The study, which followed over 4,000 children, also found a correlation between low BMI and reduced lung growth.
The study found that P. aeruginosa adapts to the lung's mucus by relying on sugars and lactate, but also needs to synthesize essential nutrients through metabolic independence. Biofilm formation imposes a metabolic burden, slowing down the bacteria's ability to spread, while disrupting biofilms makes them more vulnerable to antibiotics.
A $3.7 million NIH grant supports a study to improve PE diagnosis and treatment by using advanced imaging techniques, which may measure the effectiveness of clot-dissolving therapies. The goal is to help clinicians better diagnose and treat patients with PE, a devastating cardiovascular ailment.
Researchers have developed a 'mini-protein' that targets cancer cells expressing Nectin-4, allowing for direct delivery of radiation to tumours. The treatment shows promise in targeting multiple types of cancers and has the potential to be safe for repeated administrations.
Researchers detected microplastic particles in the breath of wild bottlenose dolphins, suggesting inhalation may be a key route of exposure. The study supports the idea that dolphins could be exposed to potentially harmful microplastics through this pathway.
Researchers have identified a key metabolic feature of human tissue-resident NK cells in the lung that enables them to rapidly respond to increased glucose levels. This unique adaptation could be a major target for future therapies in lung diseases, including cancer and infections.
New research suggests that exposure to vape and e-cigarette residue on surfaces during pregnancy can cause immune system damage in unborn babies. The study found that maternal third-hand exposure to e-vapour results in significant, long-lasting effects on lung and bone marrow immune cell responses.
Researchers developed a nasal spray that captures and neutralizes airborne viruses and bacteria, providing up to 8 hours of protection. The Pathogen Capture and Neutralizing Spray (PCANS) demonstrated a greater than 99.99% reduction in lung viral titers in mice models.
Researchers found that reducing sialic acid levels on MUC5B mucin protein can alter its structure, leading to entangled polymers and impaired mucus transport. This study identifies a possible therapeutic strategy for treating cystic fibrosis and other muco-obstructive diseases.
Researchers analyzed over 150,000 COVID-19 cases in Japan and found CAPA occurred in 0.4% to 2.7% of severe or critical patients, with higher risk seen in men, older adults, and those with respiratory diseases. Early detection and treatment with antifungal drugs are crucial for improved outcomes.
Researchers at Ohio State University developed a ventilator-on-a-chip model that simulates lung injury during mechanical ventilation. The device detects real-time cellular changes, revealing shear stress from air sac collapse and reopening as the most injurious type of damage.
Researchers at Rice University and Baylor College of Medicine are developing a new cell therapy platform to suppress inflammation and lung damage in ARDS patients. The platform uses engineered retinal pigment epithelial cells to locally produce anti-inflammatory agents, promising improved patient outcomes.
A new study by Boston University researchers found that the majority of social media posts from e-cigarette brands left out health warnings, despite a federal requirement to include them. The study used AI to analyze over 2,000 Instagram posts and discovered that only 13% complied with FDA health warning requirements.
A new preclinical blood test identifies adults most likely to develop severe respiratory conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), by analyzing 32 proteins that accurately predict lung health data. The risk score indicates a high likelihood of hospital care, COPD development, and respiratory disease death.
Researchers developed an AI model to detect lung disease in premature babies by analyzing their breathing patterns while sleeping. The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model achieved 96% accuracy in classifying flow values as belonging to a patient with BPD or not, enabling early diagnosis and treatment.
Research found that smoking before 18 significantly increases the risk of developing respiratory symptoms like wheezing and phlegm by age 28. Smoking more cigarettes overall raises the risk even further. The study highlights the importance of preventing young people from starting to smoke.
A pilot study found that voice changes recorded on a smartphone can signal an impending flare-up of COPD symptoms. Researchers analyzed the voices of 28 people with COPD and discovered higher pitched tones and 'jitter' before an exacerbation occurred.
A recent study presented at the European Respiratory Society Congress found that young vapers performed worse in exercise tests compared to non-vapers and smokers. The research showed that vaping was associated with lower peak exercise capacity, reduced oxygen consumption, and signs of blood vessel dysfunction.
A University of Leicester study has found that certain gut bacteria may influence whether a patient's immune system is successful in fighting mesothelioma, an aggressive form of cancer. Researchers suggest that dietary changes, such as increased fibre intake, could improve the benefits of immunotherapy for these patients.
Researchers discovered faulty immune processes responsible for lingering lung issues after COVID-19, which can be disrupted by existing drugs. The study also identified molecules responsible for the issue and potential therapeutic options for patients with ongoing lung damage.
A subset of CD4 T cells create an anti-inflammatory environment within the lung tissue, protecting against TB reinfection by limiting bacterial growth and disease severity. The discovery complements previous research on protective immune T cells in controlling TB infection, suggesting a potential key to improving existing vaccines.
Researchers found that low-intensity blood stem cell transplants did not damage lungs and may help improve lung function in adults with sickle cell disease. Overall lung function remained stable or improved in patients after the procedure, according to a three-year study.
Researchers found a specific deletion in the spike protein that enhances the virus' ability to infect brains of mice, which could help understand 'long COVID' and develop treatments. The study suggests viruses with this deletion can traffic from the lung to the brain, leading to neurological symptoms.
A study published at Uppsala University found that chronic cough is hereditary, with a 50% increased risk for offspring if one parent has the condition. The research also revealed differences in care between regions and highlights the need for better guidelines.
Researchers developed a nanobody that targets V-ATPase c subunit and inhibits tumor cell invasion and metastasis. The nanobody was tested on 4T1-12B mouse breast cancer cells implanted in mice, where it showed effectiveness in preventing lung metastasis.
Researchers have developed a suite of parameters that can be used to quantitatively measure different physical characteristics of the lung. The parameters were found to be highly sensitive and specific for diagnosing fibrosis and edema in an animal model, using only five necessary parameters.
A recent study published in Radiology found that solid lung nodules were present in approximately 42% of non-smoking adults, with prevalence increasing with age. The study suggests that current nodule follow-up guidelines may lead to unnecessary follow-up examinations for low-risk individuals.
A study by Rutgers researchers examined particulate matter from a June 2023 fire that triggered advisories for over 100 million Americans in the Northeast. The analysis revealed extremely high concentrations of ultrafine particles and toxic chemicals, surpassing national air quality standards.
Research from the University of Virginia School of Medicine reveals that nearly a quarter of children with recurrent wheezing have undetected lung infections that do not respond to commonly prescribed steroids. The study suggests that antiviral medications such as azithromycin may be a more effective treatment for these cases.
Researchers from POSTECH and KRICT created a 3D artificial lung using bioprinting technology, closely mimicking the human respiratory tract. This model allows for accurate testing of COVID-19 drugs and development of therapeutic treatments, potentially shortening the drug development process to under 5 years.
A new study from Murdoch Children's Research Institute has identified changes in certain blood proteins that can predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm babies. By combining these protein changes with gestational age, birth weight, and sex, clinicians can make more accurate predictions of BPD risk within 72 hours of life.
New research reveals that diaphragmatic hernia is associated with inflammatory processes involving immune cells, leading to underdeveloped lungs. Scientists have identified specific pro-inflammatory signalling processes and propose a novel therapy using amniotic fluid stem cell extracellular vesicles.
A new study by Stellenbosch University reveals that indoor fireplaces release harmful particles into the air, posing a risk to occupant health. The research highlights the importance of improving indoor air quality in homes with amenity fireplaces.
Researchers at UVA discovered an unknown cause of long COVID inside lung tissues, promoting chronic inflammation that drives lasting respiratory symptoms. They found that immune cells can go haywire and promote tissue scarring, leading to conditions like interstitial lung disease.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Immunology highlights the crucial role of tissue-resident memory T cells in non-small cell lung cancer. The research found that these cells can significantly impact patient outcomes and guide personalized treatment strategies, particularly those involving immunotherapy.
Researchers developed a mucus-based bioink that facilitates diffusion of nutrients and oxygen, promoting cell growth and formation of lung tissue. The printed structures are nontoxic and biodegradable, making them suitable as implants.
Human lung organoids can form lifelike models for tuberculosis infection, enabling the testing of anti-tuberculosis drugs. These models may also facilitate the development of host-directed therapies.
The American College of Chest Physicians has released a new clinical guideline for managing central airway obstruction, providing evidence-based recommendations to guide its management. The guideline emphasizes the importance of shared decision-making and a multidisciplinary approach in optimizing care and improving outcomes.
Researchers have discovered that SARS-CoV-2 can infect more types of lung cells than previously thought, including those without known viral receptors. The study also found that the lung can independently muster an inflammatory antiviral response without immune system help when exposed to the virus.
Researchers at Ohio State University are exploring the role of caspase 11 in SARS-CoV-2 infection, aiming to prevent inflammation and tissue injury. They will use human cell samples and experimental inhibitors to develop new treatment strategies for long COVID.
Researchers created a new cell model to study the effects of senescence on lung fibroblasts. Senescent alveolar epithelial cells triggered fibrotic activation in lung fibroblasts, which was attenuated by senolytic therapy.
A meta-analysis of 35,000 children from eight European countries has found a robust link between exposure to green spaces and better lung function. Children living in greener neighborhoods had higher forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), indicating improved airway function.
The study found that exercise increased PEDF levels in skeletal muscles and suppressed senescence markers in the lungs. PEDF also reduced senescence markers in multiple tissues and attenuated decline in respiratory function in pulmonary emphysema mouse model, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for age-related diseases.
Researchers from Leiden University discuss targeting ABC transporters in pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC), a cancer with poor survival rates. The authors highlight the potential of inhibiting ABC transporters to overcome chemoresistance and suggest developing stratification protocols to identify patients most likely to benefit.
Researchers found that a compound from the Ardisia crenat houseplant inhibits Gq proteins, which can help relax pulmonary vessels and alleviate symptoms of pulmonary hypertension. The study showed significant vascular relaxation in mice with pulmonary hypertension, improving their health condition.