Articles tagged with Lungs
Researchers found that extending nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preterm infants beyond usual care significantly improves lung growth and development, leading to better respiratory health. This study suggests a simple non-pharmacologic intervention that can be applied globally to improve lifelong lung function.
A new study suggests that CT scans could account for 5% of all cancer cases each year, primarily due to radiation exposure. The largest risk is among infants, followed by children and adolescents. To mitigate this risk, reducing the number of scans and doses per scan can help save lives.
A pioneering study demonstrated that an AI-powered lung ultrasound surpasses human experts by 9% in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis. The technology leverages deep learning algorithms to interpret lung ultrasound images in real-time, making it more accessible for TB triage, especially for minimally trained healthcare workers.
The study found that patients with coaxial silicone drains had lower analgesic consumption and better-preserved respiratory muscle strength during the first 2 postoperative days. This suggests that coaxial SIL drains can reduce postoperative pain and improve patient comfort and recovery following VATS lobectomy.
A University of Ottawa-led team examines the punishing costs of TB care, finding that patients face 'catastrophic' expenses despite free treatment being available in many countries. The review identifies areas for intervention to reduce patient costs and improve sustainable TB mitigation strategies.
A rare case of Exophiala jeanselmei pneumonia was reported in an immunocompetent patient with interstitial lung disease. The patient presented with malaise, cough productive of black sputum, and bilateral lung field crackles.
A breakthrough in medical technology, the wearable stethoscope accurately monitors lung sounds in real-time and detects wheezing. An AI-based algorithm classifies breathing sounds and counts wheezing events with high accuracy.
A literature review found that weak coughs increase the risk of extubation failure and prolonged hospitalization. Employing individualized cough exercises, such as increasing inhaled volume and utilizing oscillation techniques, can significantly improve patient outcomes.
Researchers estimate that one in 2,710 to one in 4,190 individuals carries a variant of the FLCN gene linked to Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. This condition increases the risk of kidney cancer, which is significantly lower in carriers than previously thought.
Scientists discovered a protein called HARS WHEP that calms inflammation in lung diseases by regulating white blood cells. The treatment efzofitimod showed promising results in reducing inflammation and fibrosis, providing new hope for patients suffering from sarcoidosis.
Researchers discovered that misplaced immune cells drive aggressive lung disease, with potential for new treatments targeting plasma cells and their signaling pathways. The study found novel cellular networks orchestrating the abnormal immune response, offering hope for patients with limited therapeutic options.
Researchers have discovered a potential new treatment for pulmonary fibrosis by targeting the Piezo2 receptor, which plays a critical role in stiffness-mediated profibrotic fibroblast phenotypes. Inhibiting Piezo2 expression or function may slow disease progression and offer new therapeutic options.
The Chinese Medical Association has released updated guidelines for pediatric mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, emphasizing a multi-faceted diagnostic approach and evidence-based treatment strategies. The guidelines highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis and responsible antibiotic use to combat rising resistance.
Researchers found that curcumin enhances the effectiveness of bedaquiline in combating M. abscessus infections, with the combination showing synergistic enhancement of antibacterial activity. The study suggests potential new treatment pathways for resistant infections, particularly in immunocompromised populations.
Researchers found that a Western-style diet high in glycogen can fuel lung cancer tumors, leading to faster growth and worse outcomes. A nutrient-rich diet, active lifestyle, and reduced alcohol intake are recommended for lung cancer prevention.
Researchers have discovered how severe COVID-19 can destroy immune cells' ability to repair the lungs, leading to lingering effects of long COVID. By enhancing damaged organelles using a FDA-approved drug, they found improved lung healing and reduced inflammation.
Researchers developed a deep learning algorithm to denoise ultra-low dose CT scans, improving image quality and accuracy. The study found that this approach can diagnose pneumonia in immunocompromised patients using only 2% of the radiation dose of standard CT scans.
The Bronchiectasis and NTM Care Center Network facilitates access to specialized care and support for hundreds of thousands of people with bronchiectasis and NTM lung disease. The network aims to improve quality of life and advance a cure for these conditions.
A new study suggests that hospital rehabilitation for older adults might only be the beginning of a longer journey. While therapy is crucial in mitigating functional decline, only a small minority of patients receiving intensive therapy (14+ hours/week) had a greater likelihood of home discharge.
A study by Cambridge researchers found that a routine lung function test used to diagnose asthma is more reliable in the morning. The reliability of the test decreases throughout the day and differs significantly between winter and autumn, with individuals being 33% less likely to receive a positive result during autumn.
Researchers have discovered a family of genes essential for tuberculosis survival during airborne transmission, providing new drug targets. The study sheds light on the bacterium's protective mechanisms, which could prevent infection spread and treat existing cases.
The Vanderbilt Lung Transplant program performed a record-breaking 99 lung transplants in 2024, with two combined organ transplants. The program leads the nation in innovation in organ preservation and regeneration, and has the busiest program in the Southeast.
Oregon Health & Science University researchers found that maternal THC consumption can decrease lung volume in developing fetuses and alter lung gene expression. This study is the first to examine the effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on offspring respiratory health, raising concerns for potential long-term impacts.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open reveals that using race-neutral lung function equations can identify more Black children with reduced lung function and increase asthma diagnosis rates. This is crucial as under-diagnosis can lead to delayed treatment and long-term health issues.
Researchers at UCSF have discovered that human lung tissue contains hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) capable of producing red blood cells, platelets, and immune cells. The finding suggests the lungs could be a potent source for life-saving stem cell transplants, particularly for patients with leukemia.
Researchers studied how bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae cause systemic infection by tracking its movement in mouse models using a barcoding system. They found that bacteria can spread through two routes: metastatic dissemination and direct dissemination, with the former correlating to a stronger infection.
A new University of Texas at Arlington study reveals high concentrations of microplastics in bird lungs, with average particles per species and gram of lung tissue measured. The study highlights the urgent need to address plastic pollution and its far-reaching impacts on ecosystem health and human health.
Researchers found that aged biomass smoke is more toxic and can have serious health consequences, including respiratory diseases. Using HEPA air purifiers, sealing homes, and avoiding indoor pollution sources can help minimize exposure.
Scientists discovered a protective variant of the HAQ-STING gene that prevents COPA Syndrome. This finding opens the door to a new gene therapy for the condition, which currently has no cure.
A new study uses advanced lung MRI to detect regional blood flow abnormalities in children and adolescents with long COVID, which may explain persistent symptoms. The researchers found reduced blood flow patterns that correlated with fatigue symptom severity, suggesting a possible biological basis for ongoing symptoms.
A new study found that interventions before, during, and after abdominal surgery did not reduce the severity of lung complications in patients compared to usual care. Lung function can make recovery more difficult and increase the risk of serious complications.
The American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) has developed an educational program and formal certification exam for nurse practitioners and physician assistants/associates in critical care. The program validates clinical expertise and demonstrates professional acumen, aiming to improve patient care.
Lung transplant patients with higher preoperative nutrition risk scores and longer post-operative mechanical ventilation durations are more likely to experience unplanned early rehospitalization within 30 days. Improving preoperative nutritional status and reducing mechanical ventilation duration may help reduce early readmissions.
Researchers identified 19 metabolites and found that levels of certain compounds correlated with increased blood pressure, worse obstetric outcomes, and poorer end-organ function. The study expands scientific knowledge of preeclampsia and its mechanisms, paving the way for future therapeutic strategies.
Scientists have pinpointed two proteins in immune cells that, when blocked, can significantly reduce lung tissue scarring and restore regeneration. Blocking YAP and TAZ can curb scar formation by dampening inflammation, maintaining a healthy immune cell ratio, and disrupting their communication with nearby cells.
Researchers have developed two therapeutic cocktails that inhibit key molecules, stopping immune cells from overreacting to allergens. The treatments reduced asthma attacks in mice by erasing the immune system's memory of asthma-causing allergens.
Researchers have successfully modeled a treatment-resistant form of asthma in mice, shedding light on the role of CD4+T resident memory cells and MHC-II molecules in lung inflammation. The study's findings may lead to new treatments for this severe and debilitating condition.
A preclinical trial has uncovered how beta-glucan can 'reprogram' immune cells to prevent lung inflammation and reduce the risk of illness and death from influenza. The study's findings highlight beta-glucan as a promising therapy for influenza and other emerging viral pathogens.
A new study by the University of Southampton has found that brake pad emissions can be more toxic than diesel exhaust, particularly due to high copper content. The research highlights the need for policy changes to mitigate the health effects of vehicle particulate matter, as electric vehicles are not emission-free.
A study found that DNA methylation clocks used in forensic science and epigenetics are less reliable when applied to non-blood tissues, such as lungs, colon, and kidneys. The researchers suggest that organ-specific epigenetic clocks may be needed to improve biological age prediction.
A preclinical study reveals that tumors drive clot formation by releasing chemokines, prompting immune cells to release small vesicles that attach to cell fragments, forming life-threatening clots. The findings may lead to diagnostic tests and safer therapies to target the root of blood clotting risk.
Researchers at TUM found that cystic fibrosis causes changes in the immune system as early as birth, leading to frequent inflammation and infections. These changes are not affected by CFTR modulator therapies.
A recent study suggests that prolonged exposure to low-dose traffic-derived PM2.5 particles can cause fatty liver disorder in mice. The study found changes in liver function, inflammation, and scar tissue formation, highlighting the potential health risks of air pollution on the liver.
Researchers have found that surgical lung volume reduction (LVRS) for advanced emphysema patients offers better outcomes than previously reported, including lower mortality rates and fewer procedure-related complications. In contrast, endobronchial valve (EBV) placement was associated with higher occurrences of complications over time.
The ASCENT project provides real-time advanced air pollutant measurements, including PM2.5 aerosols and chemical components, to help increase public safety amidst the LA fires. The network measures chemicals emitted by burning structures and household materials, such as lead and chlorine, which can have toxic or carcinogenic effects.
The TARIPH Centre will conduct patient-centric translational research on respiratory health in collaboration with nine institutions, focusing on factors unique to Asia. The five-year programme aims to provide a clearer understanding of lung disease in Asians and develop effective national strategies for improvement.
Researchers discover how cigarette smoke alters the function of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a key type of immune cell in the lungs. This impairment increases susceptibility to respiratory infections and worsens chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
A multicenter study shows trained health professionals with AI assistance can meet diagnostic standards for lung ultrasounds. This technology has the potential to increase access to lung ultrasound in areas without expert personnel.
A recent study found that U.S. soldiers are 10 times more likely to use nicotine pouches, which can cause serious health issues, compared to the general population. The study analyzed anonymous responses from 1,957 soldiers and found that 23.8% reported using nicotine pouches in the previous 30 days.
A recent study found that biomass burning products are toxic to human lung cells, causing inflammation and oxidative stress. The research emphasizes the need for extended air quality networks across the European Union to monitor key biomass burning markers.
Researchers discovered how cigarette smoke alters the function of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells in the lungs, making smokers more susceptible to respiratory infections and worsening COPD. Cigarette smoke components bind to protein MR1, blocking activation of MAIT cells.
Research led by University of Pittsburgh scientists found that exposure to long-wavelength red light reduces blood clots in humans and mice. The study's findings have the potential to reduce deaths and disabilities caused by blood clots worldwide.
A new self-destructing vaccine provides improved safety and protection against TB in macaque monkeys, outperforming the standard BCG vaccine. The 'kill switch' mechanism eliminates the risk of accidental infection, offering a safer vaccination option for immunocompromised individuals.
A new study found that while lung cancer deaths decreased globally from 1990 to 2019, mortality linked to tobacco use and air pollution increased. Tobacco remains the leading cause of death, accounting for 66% of TBL cancer deaths in 2019, while particulate matter pollution is a growing concern.
A new study published in the European Respiratory Journal found that extracorporeal photopheresis significantly reduces acute rejection episodes and chronic rejection risk in lung transplant patients. The treatment involves exposure to UV light, leading to apoptosis of immune cells and minimizing side effects.
Researchers developed a novel inhalable therapeutic delivery system for lung cancer using mucoadhesive protein nanoparticles inspired by marine mussels. The approach leverages the adhesive properties of mussel proteins to enable selective payload release and minimize adverse effects.
A study published in ERJ Open Research found that women are less likely to receive a lung transplant and wait an average of six weeks longer for one. Despite this, women who undergo transplantation have higher survival rates five years post-transplant.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh developed a non-invasive nasal swab test that diagnoses specific asthma subtype, or endotype, in children. The test, published in JAMA, shows promise for improving asthma treatment outcomes and paving the way for better treatments for lesser-studied asthma types.
A new scanning method allows experts to see the effects of treatment on lung function in real time and enable early identification of decline. The scan method enables researchers to quantify the degree of improvement in ventilation when patients have a treatment, which could be valuable in clinical trials.
A new multicenter study design utilizing impulse oscillometry successfully assessed lung function in premature children, showing high technical acceptability and research-quality data. The study's protocol may provide a framework for future research on lung health in former preterm patients.