Articles tagged with Plant Roots
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Researchers at the Boyce Thompson Institute have developed new tools to study the molecular level of plant-fungus partnerships. By identifying key proteins involved in nutrient exchange, they aim to develop crop varieties that form more effective symbioses, reducing fertilizer costs and improving crop resilience.
Researchers have found that teosinte-derived traits in corn can alter the relationship between plants and soil microbes, improving nitrogen cycling and potentially making corn production cheaper. By reintroducing these traits, modern maize becomes more sustainable.
Researchers at Colorado State University found that some tropical forest plants are adapting to drought by growing longer root systems, potentially helping reduce vulnerability. The study's findings suggest flexibility under drying conditions may rescue the forest, but long-term implications remain uncertain.
Researchers discovered that plants respond to compacted soil by thickening their roots and changing their structure, allowing them to penetrate harder. This mechanism is similar to basic engineering principles, such as a pipe's diameter and outer wall strength affecting its ability to resist buckling.
Researchers at Aarhus University have developed a method to measure plant roots using DNA technology, revealing their essential role in food production and climate. The new method enables accurate measurement of biomass and species distribution, opening up applications in climate research, plant breeding, and biodiversity analysis.
Researchers at UNIGE discovered that nutrient transport in plant roots becomes unidirectional as the root develops, with implications for enhancing plant resistance to drought stress. The study found that genetic mutants with abnormally wide plasmodesmata exhibited improved drought resilience.
Researchers discovered that oak trees adjust their root systems to access more soil nutrients under elevated CO2, employing both 'do it yourself' and 'outsourcing' strategies. This adaptation enables the trees to optimize growth and maintain nutrient supplies.
Researchers developed a model to detect early signs of marsh decline using satellite observations, identifying vulnerable areas along Georgia's coast. The study found belowground biomass has declined across 72% of Georgia's coastal marsh since 2014.
Researchers have identified three new Pleurothallis orchid species endemic to Costa Rica and western Panama, showcasing unique adaptations for asexual reproduction. The discovery sheds light on the importance of conserving these cloud forests, which are home to over 67 recognized species of Pleurothallis.
Researchers from Hiroshima University and others identified genes associated with increased cluster-root secretion and absorption, including phosphate transporters and acid phosphatases. The study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of cluster roots that enhance phosphorus availability in low-nutrient soils.
A new study has discovered how root cells respond to their complex soil environment, revealing that they actively sense and mount precise molecular responses. The findings could help develop crops resistant to climate stress and improve soil resilience.
Researchers identify CLE16 peptide as key molecule promoting symbiotic relationship between plants and beneficial soil fungi. Supplementing with this peptide or its fungal equivalent can enhance nutrient exchange and strengthen these traits in crops.
Researchers analyzed Codonopsis lanceolata roots using LC-MS and identified 27 chemical compounds, including lancemaside A, which showed significant vasodilatory effects in rat aortic ring specimens. The study provides valuable insights into the plant's potential health-promoting properties.
Scientists at UC Riverside discovered a way to exploit parasitic plant hormones to induce
Legumes have special root nodules that house friendly bacteria, which take nitrogen from the air and convert it into a form plants can use. The Casparian strip, a waterproof barrier in plant roots, develops at the same time as nodules and regulates nutrient exchange.
Researchers at Kobe University found that some orchids have stopped photosynthesis and become parasites feeding on fungi, boosting their nutrient budget without ceasing to employ photosynthesis. The study reveals a clear link between parasitic behavior and improved plant vigor.
Researchers discovered that certain bacteria in commensal relationships with plants possess mechanisms to suppress plant immune responses, allowing them to thrive. This ability enables commensal bacteria to outcompete pathogens by avoiding recognition and allocation of resources towards defense.
A Stanford-led study reveals significant variations in corn varieties' water-seeking abilities, with tropical and subtropical varieties outperforming temperate ones. This finding holds potential for developing more resilient corn varieties to tackle climate change-induced droughts.
Scientists have identified chemical compounds released by rice roots that determine how much methane the plants emit. A new strain of rice was bred using traditional breeding methods, resulting in yields of 8.96 tons/hectare while emitting up to 70% less methane.
Researchers at John Innes Centre have discovered a biological mechanism that enhances partnerships between plant roots and soil microbes, increasing nutrient uptake. This finding holds great potential for advancing sustainable agriculture by reducing the need for inorganic fertilizers.
A University of Houston study found that different genotypes of hemp have unique microbial communities that impact CBD production and fiber quality. The research, published in Nature, highlights the potential for microbiome diversity to inform more sustainable farming practices.
Plant scientists have discovered how abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin influence root growth angles in cereal crops like rice and maize to seek deeper water reserves. This mechanism could lead to developing drought-resistant crops with improved root system architecture, addressing global food security concerns.
Researchers have debuted the first comprehensive gene expression atlas of the plant periderm at the single-cell level, providing new insights into phellem cells and their role in carbon storage. The atlas could be used to stimulate growth of the protective periderm in plants facing environmental stress due to climate change.
Researchers found that taller Japanese black pine trees have deeper roots, making them more resistant to disasters. Shorter trees are more likely to fall due to inadequate root growth.
Researchers at Princeton University discovered that certain bacteria can reduce a plant's immune activity, allowing its roots to grow longer. The study identified an enzyme produced by one of these bacteria as the key factor in this process, which could have implications for understanding microbiome interactions with host immune systems.
A recent UC Riverside study found that raking dead grass can boost California's native wildflower diversity, reducing fire danger and increasing plant community changes. The simple, low-cost method of removing invasive grass layers allows native seeds to germinate and grow.
A preclinical study suggests the experimental compound K884 can restore lost muscle function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients by strengthening muscle repair. The drug targets specific enzymes, allowing muscle stem cells to develop into functional tissue.
Researchers have deciphered how the beneficial fungus Serendipita indica successfully colonizes plant roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. The fungus secretes enzymes that produce a molecule called deoxyadenosine (dAdo), which activates cell death in plants, enabling colonization without causing significant harm.
Researchers at Kyushu University develop a novel technique for building complex 3D microfluidic networks using plant roots and fungal hyphae in silica nanoparticles. This bio-inspired method enables the creation of intricate biological structures, opening new opportunities for research in plant and fungal biology.
Researchers discovered that a change in gene expression of SPL13 is crucial for root development, altering cell division orientation and morphology. This 'root puberty' phase has significant implications for climate-resilient agriculture, as it may enable crops to grow more deeply or widely, making them more resistant to drought.
Researchers developed an AI pose estimation method that accurately detects and localizes root system landmarks across multiple plant species, bypassing traditional segmentation methods. The approach achieved high precision with median errors below 1% of root length, enabling robust genotype classification and phenotypic trait mapping.
Scientists discovered that gophers, which were introduced to a devastated area after the 1980 eruption, helped regenerate plant and animal life through their digging. The bacteria and fungi they brought to the surface helped plants establish themselves and survive.
A new study by Rice University researchers found that invasive plants reshape soil microbial communities across the US, making them more uniform and disrupting ecological balance. The study highlights the critical belowground effects of invasive plants on soil health and biodiversity.
A study found that nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil enhance flowers' attractiveness to bumblebees. Plants with these bacteria grew significantly taller and larger than those without, and their flowers became more vibrant and attractive to pollinators.
A new study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution found that warmer temperatures and nitrogen fertilization can stabilize soil carbon levels, contradicting earlier predictions. Plant roots and growth add new carbon to the soil, counteracting the loss of carbon due to climate change.
Pioneer plants facilitate other plant species through resource sharing, while also benefiting from the interaction. Over time, as more species grow, competition increases, and pioneers become disadvantaged.
Researchers developed a system that passively alternates between capturing and generating water, eliminating manual labor requirements. The system uses mass transport bridges to optimize efficiency and effectiveness, producing 2-3 liters of water per square meter daily.
Siobhan Brady, a professor at UC Davis, aims to understand plant root responses to environmental stressors and develop more resilient plants. With HHMI funding, she will explore roots in new ways and incorporate innovative techniques to tackle climate change.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have discovered that the plant hormone gibberellin is essential for legume nitrogen-fixing root nodule formation and maturation. The study used a highly sensitive next-generation biosensor to visualize GA accumulation in specific zones of the root, revealing its critical role in nodulation.
Research reveals native plants and non-native crops attract pests that spread diseases, causing harm to both plant populations. The studies also found viruses transmitted from crops to wild plants, which can have devastating effects on native ecosystems.
Researchers at UNICAMP and UCA optimize anthocyanin extraction from jabuticaba peel, achieving a higher yield than traditional methods. The novel method uses biosorbent material derived from the residue, resulting in an efficient and environmentally friendly process.
Berkeley Lab's RhizoNet harnesses AI to transform how scientists study plant roots, offering new insights into root behavior under various environmental conditions. The tool semantically segments plant roots for comprehensive biomass and growth assessment, propelling efforts toward self-driving labs.
Researchers at Salk Institute found that higher temperatures drain plants of important dietary nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, affecting their long-term sustainability. The study's findings will inform the engineering of climate-resilient crops to address global warming's impact on food production.
A new study in Nature Communications reveals that symbiotic bacteria play a critical role in modulating the profile of root secreted molecules, influencing the assembly of a symbiotic root microbiome. The findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between nitrogen nutrition and plant-bacteria interactions.
A study led by the University of Bonn analyzed over 9,000 maize varieties to identify their root structures and adaptability to dry conditions. The researchers found that seminal roots, which absorb nutrients rapidly, vary in number depending on the variety's ability to cope with drought.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen discovered that a biological mechanism called autophagy plays a key role in plant root growth. By understanding how plants control their root growth, scientists can develop climate-resilient crops to thrive in harsh conditions.
A new study found that barley plants recruit distinct microbial communities based on the sugars they secrete from their roots. The custom community of beneficial microbes improves the plants' growth, while differences in gene activity between the two barley types explained the variation in their root communities.
Using AI software called SLEAP, scientists at Salk Institute are designing climate-saving plants with optimized root systems that can store more carbon. This approach enables researchers to analyze plant features and connect desirable traits to targetable genes, accelerating the development of carbon-capturing plants.
Researchers discovered that maize genetic makeup affects which microorganisms cluster around roots, boosting root growth. The study found that specific bacteria, like Massilia, promote lateral root growth when nitrogen is scarce, suggesting a potential breeding strategy for drought-tolerant maize varieties.
The study evaluates eight segmentation models and finds that SegFormer-UN demonstrates superior performance in root senescence recognition. It can accurately classify and extract senescent roots rapidly, reducing processing time by 27 minutes per image.
Researchers at Penn State developed a new high-tech tool to accurately estimate plant root depth using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The LEADER method has the potential to speed up breeding of plants better able to withstand drought, acquire nitrogen and store carbon deeper in soil.
A research team found that maize plant genetics significantly impact the composition of microbes around its roots. The study analyzed 129 varieties grown under different conditions, revealing specific bacteria and genes involved in stress responses.
Researchers at HHU and MPIPZ created a 3D map of the microbiota structure around plant roots, finding that microbe composition varies along the root and is influenced by root metabolism. The study reveals three sugar transporters that organize microbial colonization along the root axis.
A study by Linköping University found that a daily intake of liquorice containing 100mg glycyrrhizic acid raised blood pressure by an average of 3.1mmHg in young healthy people. This effect was seen in all participants, but the most sensitive individuals showed increased fluid volume and heart workload.
Researchers introduced a novel method to augment in situ root datasets through an improved CycleGAN generator, achieving significant enhancements in speed, accuracy, and stability. The approach also boosts dataset versatility by including diverse culture mediums.
International research led by CSU suggests studying root function in tropical forests can improve climate change predictions. Tropical forests contain 30% of global soil carbon, with roots acting as 'carbon banks' that can help mitigate climate change.
Researchers studied tropical forest root functions to improve climate change predictions and understand carbon storage dynamics. The study found that 30% of global soil carbon is stored in tropical forests' root biomass, which can act as a carbon bank.
Researchers have found a highly conserved ethylene signaling pathway that can be targeted to control the direction of root growth, creating deeper root systems that hold on to carbon and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This breakthrough could help engineer crops more resilient to climate change and drought.
Legume plants have a unique ability to interact with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, allowing them to thrive without external nitrogen. Researchers identified four essential phosphorylation sites on the SYMRK kinase that mediate this symbiotic relationship.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered how stem cells decide their fate by analyzing the activity of two key regulators, short-root and scarecrow, in real-time using light sheet microscopy. This finding has implications for understanding cell development and preventing diseases such as cancer.