Articles tagged with Glucose
A new tool using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measures hydrogen atoms to study metabolism and determine metabolic fluxes. This technique has been validated on human cancer cells and holds potential for understanding the mechanisms behind diseases like diabetes.
Researchers at Yale University have discovered that fructose is converted in the human brain from glucose, raising questions about its effects on eating behavior. The finding highlights the need to reevaluate the impact of fructose on chronic diseases.
Research suggests that stimulating GLP-1-producing neurons in the brain can control appetite and glucose levels. The study found that this stimulation reduced food intake and suppressed glucose generation in lean mice, but had no effect on obese mice.
A new study published in Cell Metabolism found that changes in the size of mitochondria in a small subset of brain cells play a crucial role in maintaining safe blood sugar levels. The researchers discovered that these mitochondrial changes are critical for activating counter-regulatory responses to hypoglycemia, which can help prevent...
Researchers found that glucose supplementation shortens total labor duration by 76 minutes without increasing complication rates. This low-cost and safe intervention is recommended for women experiencing induced labor.
A pivotal trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in home use, reducing HbA1c levels and preventing severe hypoglycemic events. The system showed significant improvements in glucose control for both adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes.
A study found that standard hemoglobin A1c criteria underestimates long-term glucose levels in African Americans with sickle cell trait, resulting in fewer cases of prediabetes and diabetes. This could lead to missed opportunities for intervention and higher diabetic complications rates
In patients with diabetes, an immune system receptor called Toll-like receptor 4 is activated by dying cells and bacteria, leading to inflammation and bladder dysfunction. Preventing this activation enables the bladder wall to remain strong and elastic.
A new study by Temple University researchers links glucose deprivation in the brain to cognitive decline and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease. The study identified p38 as a potential drug target, which could alleviate memory impairments caused by glucose deprivation.
Researchers at Kobe University have found a primitive pathway that resembles photosynthesis in Methanospirillum hungatei, a non-photosynthesizing microbe. The team used metabolome analysis to locate trapped CO2 and proved the microbe uses this pathway to synthesize glucose.
Two studies found that continuous glucose monitoring improved blood sugar levels and reduced hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes patients using multiple daily insulin injections. The studies showed significant reductions in hemoglobin A1c levels and glycemic variability, with improved treatment satisfaction.
A study found that glucose supplementation significantly reduces the length of induced labor in nulliparous women without increasing complication rates. The researchers tested whether adding glucose to intravenous hydration solution could accelerate labor, concluding it's a low-cost and safe intervention.
SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrate renoprotective effects by reducing intraglomerular pressure, hyperfiltration, and improving renal function in patients with diabetes. Additionally, these drugs modulate the renin-angiotensin axis, which may contribute to their observed benefits.
A new skin patch has been developed to monitor blood glucose levels and release insulin automatically when necessary for people with diabetes. The patch, tested on mice, maintains consistent insulin concentrations in the blood and helps regulate blood sugar levels.
A systematic review of screening tests and interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention found low diagnostic accuracy, with lifestyle interventions showing a 37% reduction in relative risk. Population-wide approaches may be more effective than screen and treat policies alone.
A Baylor College of Medicine team discovered that disrupting the natural cycle of muscle fuel usage can lead to diabetes but also enhances exercise endurance. Mice with disrupted HDAC3 showed superior endurance by burning more lipids and less glucose.
Researchers at KIT and Jacobs University Bremen have discovered a new class of host molecules, namely, barrel-shaped cucurbiturils, which can transport medical substances and hormones more efficiently. This breakthrough may lead to improved medicine formulations with reduced side effects.
Researchers have developed biocompatible nanocapsules that transport glucose oxidase and L-arginine into tumor cells, starving them of nutrients while releasing toxic nitrogen monoxide. This synergistic treatment concept successfully inhibits cell growth, initiates cell death, and shrinks tumors in mice.
Researchers at ICIQ and ETH have developed a new process to produce polyalcohols from biomass using two consecutive metallic catalysts featuring molybdenum and ruthenium. This method is more sustainable, cheaper, and efficient than traditional biochemical processes that require controlled temperatures, concentrations, and pH.
A 'Sit Less' intervention, breaking up sitting with standing and light-intensity walking, significantly improved insulin sensitivity and 24-hour glucose levels compared to traditional exercise. The study found that reducing sitting time can be a more effective way to improve blood sugar control for individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Research from the University of Eastern Finland shows that even mild iron excess contributes to type 2 diabetes prevalence and incidence. Men are more at risk due to higher iron accumulation, while moderate iron levels are safer than depletion or deficiency.
A new sweat-sensing skin patch can track biomarkers like electrolytes, glucose, and pH to monitor health and fitness. The device was tested in healthy volunteers and showed reliable results with minimal discomfort.
A large study published in The BMJ found that prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality. The study's findings support a lower cut-off point for defining prediabetes, including as low as 5.6 mmol/L.
A new definition of pre-diabetes based on hemoglobin A1C levels can help identify individuals at high risk of developing long-term complications from diabetes. The study suggests that this more accurate predictor can encourage lifestyle changes such as weight loss and exercise, ultimately preventing the development of full-blown diabetes.
Researchers found a 'cross-talk' between the immune system, gut bacteria, and glucose metabolism, with implications for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The gut bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila plays a critical role in regulating glucose metabolism.
A new mechanism regulating glucose metabolism has been discovered by researchers at Helmholtz Munich. The transforming growth factor beta 1-stimulated clone 22 D4 (TSC22D4) gene acts as a molecular switch in the liver, influencing genes that can regulate metabolism throughout the body.
Researchers found that epigenetic enzyme Lsd1 maintains brown fat tissue's metabolic properties. Inhibiting Lsd1 leads to whitening of brown adipose tissue, storing energy instead of expending it.
A new study found that pulses of glucose can reactivate the insulin clock in beta cells, which regulate blood sugar. The research suggests that controlled glucose solutions may be used to treat Type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health observed relationships between impaired glucose regulation, adverse cardiac measures, and early onset diabetes mellitus. The study suggests that targeting insulin resistance may be beneficial for optimal cardiac health and heart failure prevention.
Bioengineers at UT Dallas created a wearable device to monitor glucose levels using perspiration, addressing challenges of invasive blood draws and providing real-time feedback. The textile-based sensor detects glucose in small amounts of ambient sweat, eliminating the need for commercialization complexities.
Scientists have developed a new model to gauge blood sugar averages in diabetes, taking into account the age of red blood cells. This approach reduces the error rate of the A1C test, which can lead to inaccurate diagnoses and treatments.
A new study found that patient-centered care was associated with improvements in physical and mental quality of life, as well as some aspects of diabetes self-management. However, the study did not show a significant effect on glycemic control.
Scientists have developed a glucose-sensing contact lens that utilizes surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy to detect glucose levels in tears. The device, built from multiple layers of gold nanowires, enhances the sensing properties by creating hot spots within the nanostructure.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have developed a new compound by attaching glucose to triptolide, making it more effective against cancer cells. The compound, glutriptolide 2, shows promise as a potential anticancer treatment with fewer side effects.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute have identified a potential target for preventing type 2 diabetes by blocking the cellular glucose sensor MondoA in muscle, improving insulin responsiveness. This study suggests that MondoA regulates genes involved in fat synthesis and inhibits insulin signaling.
A study led by Daniel Kelly identified MondoA as a regulator of key pathways controlling glucose uptake and fat accumulation in muscle cells. Deactivation of MondoA resulted in enhanced glucose uptake and insulin signaling in mice, indicating potential therapeutic targets for preventing and treating obesity-related insulin resistance.
CNIO researchers identified a biochemical mechanism that enables cancer cells to survive without glucose, triggering a switch in proteins that control nutrient stress. This finding may help understand the resistance of cancer cells to anti-angiogenic agents and their ability to thrive in low-oxygen environments.
Scientists at Children's Hospital Los Angeles found that glucose transporters are inhibited by E. coli K1 during meningitis, leaving insufficient fuel for immune cells to fight off infection. The study suggests modulation of PPAR-γ and GLUT-1 levels may boost the immune system to fight infection.
A recent study published in Diabetologia found that moderate-intensity exercise was as effective as a combination of diet and exercise in improving glucose control for individuals with pre-diabetes. Moderate exercise was shown to provide nearly the same benefit on glucose tolerance as the gold standard of fat and calorie restriction al...
Researchers have determined the structure and function of an enzyme called Rumi, which adds a glucose molecule to several signaling proteins. This modification plays a crucial role in turning genes on and off inside cells, and alterations to Rumi have been linked to certain cancers.
Research finds duodenum-jejunum gastric bypass surgery alters gut microorganisms, leading to improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, resulting in diabetes remission. Bypass surgery also reduces inflammation in liver and fat tissue without directly affecting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) expression.
A new technique called targeted metabolomics predicts the development of type 2 diabetes in women with recent gestational diabetes with 83% accuracy, significantly better than conventional methods.
Researchers found that glucosamine plays a critical role in early embryonic development, helping embryos proliferate normally. This could aid in avoiding birth defects in diabetic pregnancies and improving future stem-cell treatments. Glucosamine is also essential for embryonic cells to grow and develop.
Researchers investigating gestational diabetes aim to understand its impact on offspring's cardiovascular health. They've identified a mouse model with epigenetic changes that mimic human conditions, suggesting environmental factors during pregnancy may shape lifelong risk.
Researchers compare model predictive control (MPC) and proportional integral derivative (PID) algorithms for an artificial pancreas. MPC outperformed PID in regulating glucose levels, with the former keeping participants within safe range 74% of the time.
The Nutrino app will connect with Medtronic continuous glucose monitors (CGM) and insulin pumps, providing personalized food suggestions and meal plans based on carbohydrate intake, glucose levels, and other measures. The app aims to enhance daily life and inform future diabetes management strategies.
Researchers found that an automated insulin feedback controller improved glucose control and reduced episodes of nocturnal hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes at a diabetes camp. The study's results are promising, particularly for the challenging environment of a diabetes camp.
Researchers found that whole-brain energy turnover directly predicted current level of awareness and likelihood of recovery within a year. Brain metabolic activity above 42% threshold was associated with signs of awareness or recovered responsiveness.
A new study found that bright light exposure increases insulin resistance compared to dim light exposure in both the morning and evening. This could lead to excess blood glucose, weight gain, and a higher risk of diabetes over time. The study suggests that lighting impacts health outcomes.
A recent study found that junk food diets can cause significant damage to the kidneys, similar to type 2 diabetes. The research used animal models and found that certain glucose transporters were present in higher numbers in rats with type 2 diabetes, but also increased after consuming high-fat or junk food diets.
A study from the Monell Center found that gut enzymes sucrase and maltase are also expressed in sweet taste cells on the tongue, breaking down complex sugars into glucose and fructose. This discovery may lead to the development of non-caloric sweeteners with a better sweet taste.
A Mayo Clinic study found that metformin does not limit the action of hormone glucagon, which may mitigate its ability to lower glucose production in the liver. The researchers discovered a compensatory increase of glucagon in prediabetic individuals taking metformin.
Researchers in China created a portable and high-performance device to detect glucose levels using fiber optic biosensors integrated with microfluidic chips. The device can detect glucose concentrations as low as 1 nM, making it an appealing technology for early diagnosis of diabetes via monitoring glucose content within sweat.
A team of Danish investigators manipulated the metabolic properties of yogurt-producing bacteria to create a sweeter, less-sweetened yogurt. They achieved this by modifying the bacteria to consume galactose instead of glucose, resulting in a product with reduced lactose and increased natural sweetness.
Salk researchers have found a hidden energy switch that powers up pancreatic cells to respond to glucose, enabling the production of functional human beta cells. The breakthrough could lead to a viable treatment for type 1 and 2 diabetes.
Researchers developed a new Liver-on-Chip device with glucose and lactate micro-sensors to track metabolic function in real-time, enabling detection of chemical toxicity before cellular damage. The technology has the potential to redefine studies on neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and drug discovery.
Whey protein diet participants lost the most weight and experienced reduced hunger and glucose spikes compared to other diets. The study found that a high-protein breakfast containing whey protein induced greater satiety and reduction of glucose spikes after meals.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis discovered that cancer cells can synthesize lipids from non-glucose sources, contradicting the long-held glucose hypothesis. This finding raises questions about diagnostic methods and treatment strategies for cancer.
Scientists have repurposed portable glucose monitors to detect diseases using enzymes and liposomes. The method accurately detects thrombin levels, corresponding to restricted blood flow or heart disease. This approach could be used to detect other disease-associated proteins.
A study published in JACC found that drinking a high-carbohydrate shake can lower atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels, which help regulate salt retention and blood pressure. Researchers discovered that glucose intake is the main driver behind this effect, mediated by the molecule miR-425.