Articles tagged with Salinity
Salt stress alters legume responses to symbiotic rhizobacteria by modulating gene expression. Several genes with well-characterized functions in nodulation are highly induced under salt stress, making the plant hypersensitive to bacterial signals.
Researchers have constructed new sea surface salinity indexes to identify two types of El Niño events (EP and CP) independently. The indexes are based on different key areas with varying ocean salinity patterns.
A new study has reduced the Southern Ocean's CO2 uptake uncertainty by 50% using a novel method that constrains the ocean's carbon sink. The approach links human-made CO2 uptake to surface water salinity, allowing for more accurate projections of future climate change.
A study suggests that continued warming of Atlantic coastal waters may enhance the spread of invasive blue catfish within the Chesapeake Bay and other estuaries along the U.S. East Coast. Warmer waters favor the spread and establishment of blue cats, which can out-compete native species.
A study of Mytilus californianus shells reveals a shift in mineralogical composition over the past 60 years, from aragonite to calcite. Ocean acidification is likely responsible for this change, indicating potential impacts on marine ecosystems.
A study analyzing 40 years of topsoil data finds that approximately 11.73 million square kilometers of land were affected by salt accumulation between 1980 and 2018. The likelihood of reoccurring salt-affected soils decreased globally, but certain regions like Brazil and Peru experienced increased soil salinity.
UC Riverside is receiving $6.3 million to combat the deadly fungus Laurel Wilt and other challenges threatening American avocado production. The university will develop next-generation technologies to manage diseases like Phytophthora root rot and soil salinity, which can severely reduce fruit yield and quality.
Research reveals Procerodes littoralis flatworm can regenerate and repair itself under changing sea water conditions. The species has extended its salinity tolerance range over the past century, suggesting evolutionary rescue in response to climate change.
The global ocean has become more stratified due to global warming, reducing nutrients and oxygen. This increase in stratification affects climate, ecosystems, and the ocean's ability to store carbon, exacerbating global warming.
Researchers at KAUST have developed graphene-based sensors to monitor multiple environmental variables in extreme conditions. The sensors can withstand temperatures of up to 650 degrees Celsius and offer increased sensitivity in temperature sensing.
A new study has found substantial amplification of the global water cycle, with increased evaporation and precipitation rates, due to changes in ocean salinity. This change is largely driven by human influence and has significant implications for future climate, including more extreme weather events and droughts.
Researchers at the University of Nevada, Reno have engineered thale cress to improve water-use efficiency and salinity tolerance, a trait that can be applied to other plants to address future food shortages and climate change impacts.
Researchers studied ocean water properties beneath Ross Ice Shelf, revealing four distinct water column regions with varying temperature and salinity structures. The findings suggest the presence of enhanced diffusion, potentially modifying cavity circulation, which is tidally modulated.
Researchers apply temperature swing solvent extraction technique to attain energy-efficient ZLD, a major advance for global water management. The process extracts water from high-salinity brines without boiling, using low-polarity solvent and moderate temperatures.
Researchers found that upper-ocean stratification is increasing in about 40% of the world's oceans, which could have a negative impact on the marine food chain. The study suggests that global warming may be driving this trend.
Researchers at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science have found that blue catfish, an invasive species in Chesapeake Bay tributaries, can survive in waters with high salinity levels. The study suggests that these fish may be able to expand their range into mainstem Chesapeake waters and new Bay tributaries.
Scientists have discovered that ionic thermal up-diffusion can significantly improve the efficiency of nanofluidic salinity gradient energy harvesting by promoting selectivity and suppressing ion concentration polarization. This innovative approach enables the creation of tunable ionic voltage sources, leading to enhanced power output.
Researchers evaluated diverse carrot germplasm for salinity tolerance and identified a wide range of phenotypic variations. The study found that many cultivated carrots are saline-sensitive during germination but some wild and cultivated accessions exhibit high salt tolerance.
New research confirms that drastic changes in ocean salinity can cause 'freshwater bleaching' of coral reefs, leading to cell function collapse. The study found corals sensitive to slight changes, with nearshore reefs exposed to half normal ocean salinity causing a shock response preventing normal cell function.
A new study found that the Carlsbad Desalination Plant's brine discharge exceeds permitted levels, affecting offshore salinity. The researchers discovered no significant changes in seafloor organisms, likely due to pre-existing industrial activity in the area.
A recent laboratory culture experiment found that benthic foraminifera communities are highly sensitive to changes in temperature and salinity, with temperature having a more significant impact. The study suggests that these microorganisms can be used as indicators of marine ecosystem changes.
Scientists discovered modifications in a sodium transporter gene, HKT1;1, which enable plants to adapt to varying soil salinity. The study used genomic analysis and sequencing techniques to reveal genetic variations that improve osmotic adjustment and prevent salt toxicity.
New research by UC Santa Barbara scientists reveals that the world's supply of fresh water may be more limited than previously thought. The study finds that drilling increasingly deeper wells risks pumping saline water in some regions, highlighting the need to protect deep fresh groundwater.
The Mississippi Bight region is expected to expand its low dissolved oxygen zones due to human impacts. Satellite data and field observations suggest the eastern delta region is similarly affected by river discharge.
Research suggests that climate change-associated flooding can reduce seawater salt content, inducing stress in oyster animals. Even the most tolerant groups show vulnerability to future freshwater flooding events.
A new study explains recent Bay nettle scarcity, attributing it to warm waters and decreased reproductive rates. The research warns of potential cascading impacts on Bay fisheries and ecosystems, as climate change may increase the prevalence of low-oxygen bottom waters and alter food web dynamics.
Researchers found that inoculation of rice plants with Brevibacterium linens RS16 improved photosynthetic traits and reduced volatile emissions in response to salt stress. This non-invasive approach enhances plant salinity tolerance, offering a potential solution for crop productivity under saline conditions.
Researchers at RIKEN have discovered a hormone-like peptide in plants that increases their resistance to excessive salt. The peptide, AT13, enhances salinity stress tolerance and can be applied as a natural supplement for crops growing in high-salt conditions.
Researchers at HKU and Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences have developed a novel scientific method to derive water quality criteria (WQC) of metals for protecting different marine ecosystems. The new approach considers variable temperature and salinity regimes, improving protection for tropical marine organisms.
The Persian Gulf may lose up to 12% of its marine biodiversity if climate change is not addressed. Some species may migrate north, but the area suitable for them will shrink under climate change.
A study by the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies found that distance to roads and amount of nearby pavement significantly influence well water salinity. Hotspots with high salinization were identified, particularly near sharp turns, steep grades, and narrow streets.
A study found that 90% of coastal freshwater turtle species will be affected by sea level rise by 2100, with some species losing up to 30% of their range. Researchers warn that turtles may not be able to adapt quickly enough to changing environments, threatening their survival.
A recent study at Lake Abert found that low water levels and high salinity affect the availability of brine shrimp, a key food source for waterbirds. The lake's surface area has decreased by nearly 200 football fields since 1986, resulting in a 82% decline in bird sightings during periods of low water and high salinity.
Researchers at KAUST found that high salinity can protect corals from heat stress by increasing the levels of antioxidant floridoside. This compound helps regulate osmotic pressure and prevent severe bleaching in coral model organism Aiptasia.
A recent study by Syracuse University researchers examines the impact of de-icing salts on the Tioughnioga River watershed. The team found that surface-water chloride concentrations are expected to decrease in 20-30 years due to changes in climate and snowfall patterns.
Roots face challenges in saline soils, but plant cells can sense damage and respond with strength-enhancing chemicals to prevent explosion.
Researchers at UMass Amherst and Stanford have discovered a new function of the receptor kinase FERONIA in Arabidopsis plants. The study shows that FERONIA acts as a sensor in the cell wall to maintain its integrity and protect against environmental assaults.
A new study finds significant increases in salinity and alkalinization of freshwater across the US and southern Canada, driven by road salt and fertilizer use. This growing problem threatens drinking water supplies and natural ecosystems, highlighting the need for better regulation of salty compounds.
Freshwater salinization syndrome caused by various salts is linked to increased alkalinization, posing risks to drinking water supplies and ecosystems. The study highlights the need for better regulation of these substances.
A recent expedition to the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary revealed a 10% drop in salinity levels due to Hurricane Harvey's floodwater plume. The team hopes to track the plume as it migrates through the Gulf, aiming to understand its impact on the reefs' health.
Researchers found that warming climate conditions could lead to significant economic and healthcare costs due to increased occurrences of Vibrio bacteria in Chesapeake Bay. The study used a new downscaling framework to project future increases in Vibrio species, highlighting the need for models of climate impact on estuarine environments.
Researchers found that climate change led to a sharp rise in volcanic activity as the Mediterranean Sea dried up, contradicting previous hypotheses. The study used numerical models to test scenarios and confirmed that the massive loss of sea level was the primary cause of increased magmatic activity.
Tiny plant cells in coral tissue produce osmolytes to regulate pressure, helping corals survive in salty waters. This finding has important implications for managing coral reefs under climate change.
The Chesapeake Bay experienced an 8% increase in submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) acreage, reaching a new high of 97,433 acres in 2016. This marks the second consecutive year with positive trend since VIMS began its aerial survey in 1984.
Researchers identified short DNA segments influencing tilapia's internal body chemistry in response to salinity stress, paving the way for targeted studies on gene regulatory networks. This discovery may help enhance stress tolerance in fish, critical for management practices preventing species extinction.
A team of researchers at New Jersey Institute of Technology has developed spectral and co-spectral techniques to measure changes in subsurface water temperature and salinity. The methods, validated with a year's worth of data from two beaches in Alaska, can help coastal scientists anticipate changes in coastal ecosystems.
A recent study suggests that warmer oceans and increased rainfall will lead to more intense typhoons in the western Pacific. The research found that a lack of ocean water mixing, caused by freshwater from increased rainfall, can increase storm intensity.
A study by UC Davis and NERR found that atmospheric rivers contributed to a mass die-off of wild Olympia oysters in north San Francisco Bay in 2011. The event was caused by low salinity from freshwater discharge into the bay, highlighting the impact of extreme weather events on coastal ecosystems.
A recent study reveals that the expansion of Antarctic sea ice has caused a significant freshening of the Southern Ocean. The increased freshwater flux from the sea-ice conveyor belt explains the observed salinity changes in the region.
A new study reveals that beach salinity is increasing due to evaporation, affecting invertebrates such as mussels and crabs. The findings suggest that temperature rise and relative humidity are the primary drivers of this change, with implications for animal migration and survival.
A new study found that an ebb and flow subirrigation system can control plant height and alleviate salt stress in poinsettia. The method, known as partial-saturation ebb and flow watering, achieves partial saturation of the root medium, reducing water uptake and sodium accumulation.
Scientists at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution found a clear link between higher sea surface salinity levels and increased rainfall on land in the African Sahel. By analyzing global salinity and rainfall data, they discovered that high springtime salinity levels correlate significantly with increased monsoon-season rainfall in the ...
New research from UEA's Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences found that oceans on distant Earth-like planets with varying salinity levels can significantly impact their climates. The study discovered that extreme salinity levels could lead to dramatic warming in polar regions, potentially extending a planet's habitability.
Researchers studied Agave species' response to saline soils and found two species, A. parryi and A. weberi, to be relatively tolerant to high levels of salinity. These findings suggest that cultivating these species in semiarid regions could increase production and address dwindling water reserves.
A UK-led study found that seal tags can improve ocean forecasts by providing valuable temperature and salinity recordings in regions rarely sampled. This could lead to better weather predictions and improved marine conditions for industries such as shipping and offshore oil and gas operations.
A new study explores the potential of Pressure Retarded Osmosis technology to extract energy from salinity gradients in Australian waters. The research suggests that brine, rejected during desalination, can be used as a source of osmotic energy, offering a carbon emission-free alternative to fossil fuels.
Research finds that a conch population outbreak and high water salinity are causing a sharp decrease in oyster populations on Florida reefs. The study suggests that restoring the habitat may fail if an area contains or is likely to develop an outbreak of conchs like the one in Matanzas.
The Aquarius instrument successfully completed its primary three-year mission in November 2014, achieving its science objectives and providing valuable data on ocean dynamics and climate models. The loss of onboard power regulation and spacecraft attitude stabilization led to the end of operations.
Research shows that estuaries offer a parasite-free zone for Dungeness crabs, allowing them to rid themselves of deadly nemertean worms. The crabs thrive in lower-salinity environments, making estuaries an essential habitat for their survival.
Researchers found that coral adaptation to high salinity levels in the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf may prevent them from escaping their fate through global warming. Corals lose their exceptional heat stress tolerance when adapting to normal salinity levels.