Articles tagged with Evaporation
The researchers developed an extreme wettability surface that enables controlled evaporation, directional bouncing, and transport of droplets on it. The surface can be used to study biochemistry, microfluidic systems, cell culture, and energy harvesting and utilization.
A new passive cooling system developed at MIT combines radiative, evaporative, and thermal insulation to provide up to 19 degrees Fahrenheit of cooling from ambient temperature. This technology has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and extend food storage in off-grid locations.
Researchers developed an automated method for isolating volatile food ingredients, increasing yields and reducing contamination risks. The optimized 'aSAFE' technique eliminates operator errors and improves the accuracy of odorant analysis, enabling targeted product development in the food industry.
Climate change is affecting lakes globally, causing changes in stratification regimes, dissolved oxygen levels, and habitat for native fish. Warmer water temperatures can lead to cyanobacterial blooms, reduced oxygen levels, and increased salinity, impacting aquatic organisms and human activities.
Researchers created a dataset quantifying trends of evaporative water loss from 1.4 million global lakes and artificial reservoirs, revealing a 15.4% increase in long-term lake evaporation volume. This finding highlights the importance of accurate information for water management decision-makers in addressing climate change impacts.
Researchers have successfully stored liquid fuels like ethanol in polymeric gels, drastically reducing evaporation rates and flammable gas mixtures. The development of this method aims to create safer work environments in industries that use liquid fuels.
Researchers found that global warming is accelerating the water cycle, leading to increased storm intensity and ice melting at the poles. Satellite data revealed a significant increase in surface salinity, indicating a stronger interaction between the atmosphere and ocean.
A Rice University-led team is studying the impact of climate change on flooding in the Mississippi River, which affects over a quarter of the US population. The research aims to understand how climate warming will alter the frequency and magnitude of flooding by comparing paleoclimate data with modern models.
Researchers from NUS developed a novel super-hygroscopic material to enhance sweat evaporation and reduce heat stress in personal protective suits. The film brings down the heat index by about 40%, significantly improving thermal comfort for users like healthcare workers.
According to a new EPFL study, Swiss rivers are at risk of overheating by the end of the century. If greenhouse gas emissions are reduced, river temperatures may only rise by 1°C and discharge decreases by 5% in mountain catchments. Inaction could lead to extreme consequences, including glacier loss and decreased biodiversity.
A new UNSW-led study reveals that global warming has amplified the water cycle, with an estimated 46,000-77,000 cubic kilometers of freshwater transported from the equator to the poles since 1970. This finding suggests broader changes to the global water cycle and highlights the need for improved climate models.
Researchers at MIT and China developed a desalination system that is both more efficient and less expensive than previous methods. The system uses natural convection to draw salt from the water, eliminating the need for wicks or power sources.
Liquid marbles' unique hydrophobic outer layer allows for faster evaporation than bare water droplets due to particle-particle and liquid-particle interactions. The team's mathematical model accurately predicts evaporation behavior, providing insights into these tiny biological structures.
Research by TU Wien found that small droplets with coronaviruses can remain airborne for an order of magnitude longer than assumed due to high humidity. This means that even short-range exposure poses a significant risk, highlighting the need for scientifically sound guidelines on mask-wearing and safety distances.
Scientists develop a quantitative model to explain ultra-high fluxes in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) films, enhancing water desalination and purification. The work reveals mechanisms of enhanced evaporation through nanochannels, reducing vapor diffusion length and preventing salt crystallization.
Research in the southern Murray-Darling Basin has found a downward spiral in water availability, driven by accelerated changes in climate. Since the 1990s, cool season rainfall and river heights have significantly decreased due to increased evaporation and changed precipitation patterns.
The Dead Sea is shrinking at a rate of about one meter per year, causing land subsidence of 15 centimeters annually. Researchers have linked this trend to hydro-meteorological fluctuations, revealing a direct connection between water table fluctuations, evaporation, and land movement.
Researchers developed a synthetic tree to enhance solar steam generation, which can turn solar energy into heat to harvest drinking water. The tree overcomes the limit in capillary force by mimicking transpiration, allowing for increased efficiency and scalability.
Researchers develop a new technique to control the transport of small molecules in gas-permeable nanoslits, which enables various applications such as molecule-valving, -concentrating and -pumping. The study shows that evaporation flux and nanoslit length govern the transport of small molecules.
A new metric characterizes the 'inertia' of water after rainfall, allowing better analysis of freshwater storage capability using satellite data. On average, global land surfaces can retain over one quarter of monthly precipitation, with smaller areas having wetter conditions and larger areas having drier climates.
Researchers at UniSA have developed a cost-effective method to derive freshwater from seawater or contaminated water through efficient solar evaporation, delivering up to 20 litres of fresh water per square metre per day. The system is built using simple, everyday materials and requires minimal maintenance.
Researchers discovered how collective worm behavior helps blobs survive longer against desiccation and respond to temperature gradients and intense light. By studying the worms' movements and interactions, scientists gained insights into the principles of living systems that can be applied to human-designed swarm robots.
Physicists have developed a new material for water desalination that can accelerate evaporation up to 2.5 times and detect hazardous substances. The material, made of titanium dioxide nanoparticles decorated with gold nanoclusters, absorbs light across the entire visible spectrum, converting it into heat.
Researchers created maps of where brines are most likely to be found on Mars by considering global weather patterns and multiple phase changes. Favorable conditions for stable brines are mostly in mid- to high-northern latitudes, large impact craters in the southern hemisphere, and shallow subsurface near the equator.
Researchers in Japan and China develop a novel system for treating saline water using direct solar steam generation, achieving higher evaporation rates and conversion efficiencies than existing methods. The 'energy matching' strategy balances input and required energy to optimize performance.
Direct solar steam generation (DSSG) has promise as an alternative to traditional water treatment methods, but advancements are needed to overcome limitations. New technologies have improved evaporation rates and reduced heat loss, offering a potential solution to global drinking water scarcity.
Researchers at Terasaki Institute create wearable pressure-sensitive devices using a gelatin-based hydrogel that offers superior elastic properties and skin compatibility. The device enables real-time monitoring of vital signs with high sensitivity and consistency.
Researchers studied the effects of relative humidity, environmental temperature, and wind speed on coronavirus transmission. They found that evaporation is a critical factor in virus survival and concentration, with high temperatures and low relative humidity reducing virus viability.
Researchers led by CCNY engineer Xi Chen create supramolecular crystals that change shape in response to evaporation, enabling direct observation of water-material interactions at the molecular level. The new crystals have potential applications in energy harvesting, actuators, and artificial muscles.
Scientists at CUNY ASRC develop morphing crystals that convert water evaporation into powerful motions, offering a clean source of energy for mechanical devices. The materials are biocompatible, biodegradable, and cost-effective, with potential applications in robotics and micro-machines.
A new calibration-free version of a physical-based method can better detect long-term trends in continental-scale land evaporation rates than recent remote sensing-based approaches. This improvement is crucial for upgrading general circulation models' existing evaporation estimation algorithms to produce better climatic predictions.
A new solar-powered water purification technology uses a biomimetic hierarchical steam generator to produce clean drinking water from non-drinkable sources. The device achieves high evaporation rates and efficiency, making it a promising solution for water-scarce areas.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to understand the early phases of COVID-19-like pandemics using respiratory droplet motion and evaporation characteristics. The model estimates how long droplets can survive, how far they can travel, and which size of droplet survives for how long.
A new study proposes a device that generates a cooling load without electricity, using evaporation of pure water and highly concentrated salty solution. The device's modular design allows for fine-tuning of cooling power and has the potential to overcome limitations of traditional passive cooling technologies.
The Colorado River's flow is declining due to the loss of its reflective snowpack, which increases evaporation and reduces runoff. This trend is expected to outpace precipitation increases under a warmer future, highlighting the need for more accurate projections of water availability.
A team of researchers from the University of Houston has solved a scientific mystery about evaporation, shedding light on its role in industrial processes. The new understanding eliminates a long-standing bottleneck in predicting evaporation rates, enabling more accurate simulations and design of advanced systems.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab demonstrate a 'photo-thermal' solar umbrella that can double evaporation rates in polluted wastewater, reducing the environmental impact of settling ponds. The device uses mid-infrared light to absorb and retain heat, enhancing evaporation rates by more than 100%.
Researchers from Ohio University used 3D imaging to discover multiple heat exchangers in dinosaur heads and found that giant dinosaurs evolved different cooling systems to combat heat stroke. Different species focused on specific regions, such as the nasal cavity or mouth, to regulate brain temperature.
Scientists have successfully grown large, good-quality monatomic sheets of germanene using an innovative annealing technique. This breakthrough could pave the way for a new generation of electronics with improved energy efficiency and reduced size.
Researchers used chromium isotopes to investigate the conditions under which the Moon's volatile elements evaporated. They found that the temperature of evaporation was around 1600-1800 K, significantly lower than previously thought if evaporation occurred during the giant Moon-forming impact.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to describe convective processes in two-layer systems, focusing on gravity and liquid layer thickness. The study aims to improve micro-sized cooling devices for satellites and life support systems.
Researchers found that producing and deploying shade balls to prevent evaporation in reservoirs may actually consume more water than they conserve. The study estimates that for every drop of water saved by the balls, over one drop would be used elsewhere due to production requirements.
Researchers discovered graphene's 'transparency' in controlling water evaporation by adjusting wetting angles. The coating accelerates evaporation on hydrophobic surfaces and suppresses it on hydrophilic ones, leading to changes in the evaporation rate.
Researchers have developed a method for using sunlight to generate clean water with near-perfect efficiency. The technology uses carbon-dipped paper to absorb and vaporize water, drawing heat from the surrounding environment to achieve high efficiency rates.
A new Yale study finds that global lake evaporation will increase 16 percent by the end of the century as a result of climate change. The specific mechanisms driving this phenomenon are not what scientists expected, with other factors such as shortened ice periods and changes in heat energy allocation playing a crucial role.
Scientists have developed a material that mimics cactus roots' ability to absorb and retain vast amounts of water with minimal evaporation. The material, called CRIM, can absorb water nearly 930 times faster than it loses through evaporation.
Research reveals two distinct periods of lake existence in the region, with increased precipitation driving formation during warmer periods. The study's findings suggest a potential analogue for future climate change and highlight the importance of understanding El Niño-driven precipitation patterns in arid regions.
Researchers discovered that small droplets evaporate more slowly than predicted by current models, affecting climate modeling and internal combustion engine design. The equation developed can be used to create more accurate climate models and design more efficient cooling units.
A study by Columbia University researchers suggests that U.S. lakes and reservoirs can generate 325 gigawatts of power through evaporation, which is nearly 70% of the country's current energy production.
Researchers at Imperial College London found that a weak star's light can cause significant material loss from a protoplanetary disc. The study of the IM Lup system revealed that the disc will lose about 3,300 Earth's worth of material over its lifetime.
Researchers created a solar still that converts water to vapor very efficiently, with only 12% of available energy lost during evaporation. The device can produce 3-10 liters of water per day, making it an ideal solution for small communities in developing areas and regions affected by natural disasters.
Tropical Depression 4 formed in the Eastern Pacific, strengthening into a tropical storm with maximum sustained winds near 40 mph. The storm is expected to track over cold water kicked up from Hurricanes Blas and Celia, affecting its strength.
A new study reveals that changes in wind patterns are the main driver of California droughts, rather than moisture levels. Researchers analyzed 30-year data sets to find that atmospheric circulation disturbances have a significant impact on drought frequency and severity.
Researchers at NASA Ames discovered that varying hydrogen droplet sizes influence the burning process of liquid hydrogen-oxygen mixtures. The study reveals new mechanisms and requires a deeper understanding of evaporation and burning processes.
Researchers discovered a strong thermal 'lid' trapping moisture and returning it to the surface, where it refreezes. However, this lid is becoming leaky due to global temperature increases, potentially destabilizing the snow surface.
Thousands of islands face severe climate change impacts, including increased evaporation and freshwater scarcity. A new modeling approach shows that 73% of small islands will become more dry by mid-century, affecting 18 million people.
Researchers have elucidated new factors influencing particle deposition via solvent evaporation, crucial for microchip production. The study found that interplay between solvent convection and nanoparticle collective diffusion governs particle recede at contact lines.
A Dartmouth study sheds light on how winds blowing across lakes affect the chemical makeup of water vapor above and evaporated from lakes. The research provides new insights into the hydrological cycle under changing climate conditions.
Scientists at ETH Zurich create surface designs that allow water droplets to 'trampoline' upwards, leveraging evaporation and microstructure. This phenomenon enables materials to violently repel water and ice, with potential applications in de-icing, power lines, and road surfacing.
Researchers from the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences discovered that evaporation occurs differently than previously thought. The Hertz-Knudsen equation was found to be incorrect, and a new understanding of evaporation's role in global warming has been gained.