A coral’s Swiss Army knife: The numerous powers of cilia
Black corals' cilia perform various roles, including food transport and internal nutrient circulation. Cilia facilitate oxygen delivery and waste removal through ventilation.
Velocimetry
Articles tagged with Velocimetry
Vertical vortices generated by flutter kicking contribute to propulsion and body stabilization
A recent study using motion-capture and particle image velocimetry reveals that the flutter kick generates three-dimensional vortex structures contributing to forward propulsion. The alternating leg movements also produce asymmetric vortices, generating rolling and yaw moments that stabilize body posture during swimming.
Catching a runaway star ejected from a globular cluster by an intermediate-mass black hole
Researchers found a high-velocity star ejected from a globular cluster at an extreme velocity of nearly 550 km/s, suggesting the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole. The star's similarities with the cluster's chemical composition and age provide strong evidence for the IMBH's existence.
Researchers using lidar and AI to advance transportation engineering and safety
University of Missouri researchers developed a method using lidar and AI to analyze pedestrian, cyclist, and vehicle interactions at traffic signals. The approach aims to enhance driver awareness, reduce accidents, and improve mobility.
Pushing the limits of ‘custom-made’ microscopy
Researchers have made a significant leap forward in Brillouin microscopy, providing a 1,000-fold improvement in speed and throughput. The new technology enables full-field imaging with minimal light intensity, opening up new possibilities for life scientists.
‘Healthy’ vitamin B12 levels not enough to ward off neuro decline
A new study published in Annals of Neurology found that lower concentrations of vitamin B12 in healthy, older adults led to signs of neurological and cognitive deficiency. These individuals showed slower processing speeds, brain lesions, and delayed responses to visual stimuli compared to those with higher B12 levels.
AI speeds up nanoparticle research
Researchers at the University of Konstanz developed an AI system to speed up nanoparticle measurements, reducing time from hours to minutes. The system, based on Meta's open source AI technology, can accurately count complex particles and measure individual particles with high precision.
Temperature, rainfall and tides speed glacier flow on a daily basis
A new study reveals that glacier speed varies on a daily basis due to changes in air temperature, rainfall, and tides. The research found acceleration events coinciding with high temperatures or heavy rainfall, highlighting the complex interactions between environmental factors and glacial dynamics.
For women with MS, mobility takes step backward at menopause
A new study by UCSF found that menopause increases the rate of MS progression in women, particularly in walking speed and fine motor skills. The study also suggests that hormone therapy may be beneficial in slowing disease progression, with some participants showing a lower rate of relapse during pregnancy.
A fast-moving belly flop: Researchers unveil the unique skills of cricket frogs
Cricket frogs use a combination of underwater push and leg movement to propel themselves out of the water, resulting in a 'belly flop' motion. This discovery could lead to advancements in bio-inspired robotics and water testing systems.
A modified Delphi consensus of the Youth Fitness International Test (YFIT) battery
Researchers from the University of Granada and the Public Health Agency of Canada identified the most important physical fitness tests for children and adolescents, with a degree of scientific agreement exceeding 85%. The top tests include the 20-meter shuttle run test, handgrip strength test, standing long jump test, and body mass index.
SourceJournal of Sport and Health Science·JournalJournal of Sport and Health Science·TypeSurvey·DateDec 17, 2024
Standing desk not the answer to decreasing blood pressure, WVU research shows
A study led by WVU epidemiologist Bethany Barone Gibbs found that alternating sitting and standing at work reduces sedentary behavior but has no effect on lowering blood pressure. Prolonged static standing may even have negative effects on cardiovascular health due to a physiological mechanism called the muscle pump.
EMBARGOED NEJM Catalyst TOC, August 21, 2024
The African American Transplant Access Program aims to mitigate disparities in solid organ transplantation, while a physician-created platform speeds clinical decision-making. NEJM Catalyst also explores quality and safety improvement through longitudinal care management for diabetes and hypertension.
Tracking the color of light
Researchers developed a new spectroscopy method using tunable lasers, enabling precise tracking of the laser's color at every point in time. The technique offers higher power and spectral stability compared to existing methods, making it suitable for various applications including LIDAR and spectroscopy.
SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalAdvanced Photonics·DateAug 12, 2024
Short, intense bursts of exercise more effective after stroke than steady, moderate exercise
A new study found significant improvements in aerobic fitness after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training sessions compared to traditional, moderate exercise. Researchers suggest this time-efficient approach can be safely and effectively implemented in clinical practice for stroke survivors.
Reconstruction of particle distribution for tomographic particle image velocimetry based on unsupervised learning method
Researchers develop an unsupervised deep learning-based method to reconstruct particle distribution in Tomographic PIV, achieving superior performance over traditional methods. The new technique demonstrates potential for practical applications in high-density particle fields and high-velocity flow fields.
Nature's design marvel: How shark skin's denticles adapt to wide speed
Researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology found that shark skin's denticles reduce drag at a wide range of speeds, allowing sharks to cruise efficiently and hunt effectively. The study suggests that extinct giant megalodons may have similar swimming speeds to white sharks.
SourceTokyo Institute of Technology·JournalJournal of The Royal Society Interface·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 5, 2024
Two-in-one mapping of temperature and flow around microscale convective flows
The study creates two 3D maps at once by combining near-infrared absorption imaging with image processing, providing insights into optimizing micro-heating and cooling devices. The technique promises to deliver new knowledge on convective plume formation at the microscale.
NASA’s Hubble traces dark matter in dwarf galaxy using stellar motions
A team of astronomers used NASA's Hubble Space Telescope to create the most accurate three-dimensional understanding of stars' movements within the Draco dwarf galaxy. This allowed them to build a more precise model of dark matter distribution, which aligns with cosmological models and suggests a cusp-like structure.
SourceNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal·TypeObservational study·DateJul 11, 2024
The density difference of sub-Neptunes finally deciphered
An international team has revealed that sub-Neptunes exist in two distinct populations: dense and less dense. The research suggests a physical link between resonance and density, with planets in resonant systems being less dense due to formation processes involving collisions and fusion.
Scientists at uOttawa develop innovative method to validate quantum photonics circuits performance
Scientists at uOttawa have developed Fourier Quantum Process Tomography (FQPT) to validate quantum circuit performance. The technique allows for high-accuracy characterization with minimal measurements, enabling significant advancements in quantum computing.
SourceUniversity of Ottawa·Journalnpj Quantum Information·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateJun 20, 2024
Researchers achieve practical 3D tracking at record-breaking speeds
Researchers have developed a new 3D method for fast-moving object tracking at unprecedented speeds, with potential applications in autonomous driving, industrial inspection and security surveillance. The approach uses single-pixel imaging to calculate the object's position in real-time, reducing data storage and computational costs.
A step forward for motor torque controllers: In order to reduce oscillations and oversets, a speed loop pseudo derivative feed forward controller is proposed
A proposed speed loop pseudo derivative feedforward (PDFF) controller-based direct torque controller for a PMSM drive reduces oscillations and overshoots. Simulation results show the dynamic performance of the proposed system is superior to PI controllers, with less overrun and improved stability.
SourceCES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems·JournalCES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateJun 19, 2024
High-precision measurements challenge our understanding of Cepheids
A new dataset from the VELOCE project has collected over 18,000 high-precision measurements of Cepheid radial velocities, providing insights into the structure and evolution of these stars. The data reveal complex patterns in pulsations that cannot be explained by traditional models, suggesting intricate processes within the stars.
Breaking data transmission barriers: Innovations in data center interconnects
Researchers have developed a groundbreaking solution to overcome DAC challenges, achieving record-breaking data transmission performance. The innovative approach enables the transmission of signals at rates exceeding 124 GBd PAM-4/6 and 112 GBd PAM-8 over long distances using low-cost digital-to-analog converters.
SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalAdvanced Photonics Nexus·DateJun 6, 2024
Highly sensitive fiber optic gyroscope senses rotational ground motion around active volcano
Researchers have developed a highly sensitive fiber optic gyroscope to monitor ground rotations caused by earthquakes in the Campi Flegrei area. The sensor, based on the Sagnac effect, can detect small to medium local earthquakes and provide valuable insights into seismic activity.
What is "time" for quantum particles?
Physicists from TU Darmstadt propose a new approach to define and measure the time required for quantum tunneling. They suggest using Ramsey clocks, which utilize the oscillation of atoms to determine the elapsed time. The proposed method may correct previous experiments that observed particles moving faster than light during tunneling.
SourceTechnische Universitat Darmstadt·JournalScience Advances·TypeExperimental study·DateMay 16, 2024
Good heart health in middle age may preserve brain function among Black women as they age
A new study found that better heart health in middle-aged Black women is linked to reduced cognitive decline and preserved brain function. However, this benefit was not observed among white women. The study suggests that taking care of one's heart may have a positive impact on brain function and overall well-being.
Gigahertz-rate switchable wavefront shaping by LNOI-empowered metasurface
A team of researchers has successfully integrated a metasurface with photonic integrated circuits, enabling fast and tunable control over light manipulation. The device can shape any wavefront in reconfigurable arbitrary polarization states at speeds of up to 1.4 gigahertz.
SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalAdvanced Photonics·DateApr 16, 2024
‘Cosmic Cannibals’ expel jets into space at 40% speed of light
For the first time, astronomers have measured the speed of fast-moving jets in space, crucial to star formation and the distribution of elements needed for life. The jets of matter, expelled by stars deemed 'cosmic cannibals', were found to travel at over one-third of the speed of light.
GNSS Gyroscopes: a new horizon in motion measurement
Researchers introduce Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) gyroscopes, enabling precise measurements of motion dynamics. The innovative technique surpasses traditional methods in accuracy and reliability, opening new avenues for applications in various fields.
SourceAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalSatellite Navigation·DateMar 25, 2024
Scientists deliver portable total chemical analysis without pumps and tubes
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have engineered a micro total analysis system that quantifies target chemicals in a microfluidic chip without pumps or expensive detectors. The device uses gas production to drive ink flow and measure the original chemical concentration.
Global warming has a bigger effect on compact, fast-moving typhoons
Researchers found that compact, faster-moving storms are more susceptible to global warming's effects, while larger, slower-moving typhoons are more resilient. This discovery could lead to improved methods for projecting typhoon strength under warming conditions.
‘Stellar Paternity Tests’ match orphaned stars to their Milky Way origins
Researchers from Lehigh University have successfully mapped 15 orphaned stars to their birth clusters in the Milky Way using Gaia Mission data. The study provides new insights into the galaxy's history and star cluster dynamics.
Jupiter was targeted by exoplanet hunter
A team of researchers from Portugal used the ESPRESSO spectrograph to measure wind speeds on Jupiter, confirming the feasibility of Doppler velocimetry for monitoring the planet's atmospheric winds. The study also gathered historical data to compare results and validate the method.
Snowflakes swirling in turbulent air as they fall through a laser light sheet. Credit: Singh et al.
A team from the University of Utah found that snowflakes' accelerations follow an exponential distribution with a consistent exponent, regardless of turbulence or type. This discovery has significant implications for storm forecasting and understanding climate change.
When baby stars fledge
A team of astrophysicists discovered that two methods for determining the age of stars measure different things, with a 5.5 million-year difference in age determined by dynamic tracking versus isochronous measurement. This finding has significant implications for our understanding of star formation and stellar evolution.
New jet stream discovered in Jupiter's upper atmosphere
A new jet stream has been discovered in Jupiter's upper atmosphere by the James Webb Space Telescope, showing winds reaching speeds of up to 500 km/h. The discovery provides new insights into the atmospheric dynamics of gas giants and could shed light on global temperature variations.
Revolutionizing radar: Integrated THz emitter for precise rotating target detection
Researchers have developed an integrated THz vortex beam emitter to detect rotating targets with remarkable precision. The system uses spiraling electromagnetic waves with orbital angular momentum to accurately measure the speed of a rotating object, with a maximum margin of error of just around 2 percent.
SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalAdvanced Photonics·DateOct 20, 2023
Colliding neutron stars provide a new way to measure the expansion of the Universe
A new method using colliding neutron stars may help resolve the discrepancy in measuring the universe's expansion rate. By analyzing the symmetry of kilonovae, astronomers can calculate distances to galaxies more accurately than current methods.
SourceUniversity of Copenhagen - Faculty of Science·JournalAstronomy·TypeObservational study·DateOct 2, 2023
New imaging technique measures elasticity of multiple eye components simultaneously
A new imaging technique, multifocal acoustic radiation force-based reverberant optical coherence elastography (RevOCE), has been developed to measure the elasticity of multiple eye components simultaneously. This approach offers high resolution measurements of the stiffness of eye structures and could revolutionize how we study ocular ...
SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalJournal of Biomedical Optics·DateSep 12, 2023
First U.S. study of nest temperature impacts on leatherback hatchlings
A US study found that increasing nest temperatures affects leatherback hatchling morphology, performance and hatching success. Mid-season nests had the highest hatching success and better physical performance.
SourceFlorida Atlantic University·JournalEndangered Species Research·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 7, 2023
How fast does the charge migrate in molecules?
Scientists have successfully measured the speed of molecular charge migration in a carbon-chain molecule, revealing a movement of several angstroms per femtosecond. The study used a two-color high harmonic spectroscopy scheme with machine learning reconstruction to achieve a temporal resolution of 50 as.
SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalAdvanced Photonics·DateAug 25, 2023
New high-speed imaging method captures 3D details of combustion flames
Researchers developed a new method for capturing turbulent flame behavior, providing detailed insights into flame dynamics, ignition processes and combustion efficiency. The high-speed 3D imaging approach can be used to optimize energy production processes and improve fire safety measures.
Wide field-of-view metasurface-enhanced scanning lidar technology
Researchers have proposed an innovative solution to address limitations of lidar technology, enabling imaging in low SNR environments. The novel technique uses a high-scanning speed AOD and metasurface-enhanced scanning lidar, extending ambiguity range by up to 35 times.
SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalAdvanced Photonics·DateJul 20, 2023
AI helps show how the brain’s fluids flow
A new AI-based technique measures brain fluid flow with unprecedented accuracy, revealing pressures and three-dimensional flow rates. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new treatments for Alzheimer's, small vessel disease, strokes, and traumatic brain injuries.
SourceUniversity of Rochester·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateJun 14, 2023
DNAmFitAge: Biological age indicator incorporating physical fitness
Researchers developed a new biological age indicator, DNAmFitAge, that incorporates physical fitness parameters, showing a correlation with lower mortality risk, coronary heart disease risk reduction, and improved disease-free status in physically fit individuals.
Quantum random number generator operates securely and independently of source devices
A new source-device-independent quantum random number generator (QRNG) protocol has been developed, operating securely and independently of source devices. This allows for practical applications in secure quantum information tasks, with a reported generation rate of 4 megabits per second.
SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalAdvanced Photonics·DateMay 17, 2023
The technology that can detect rapid pressure changes inside your heart
The study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure acute pressure changes inside the heart, discovering that pressure increases when patients receive a specific medication called adenosine. This technology can help doctors better diagnose and monitor patients with heart disease and heart failure.
SourceUniversity of East Anglia·JournalBMC Cardiovascular Disorders·TypeObservational study·DateMay 11, 2023
New high-speed, two-photon microscope for precise biological imaging
A new high-speed two-photon microscope was developed with an unprecedented line scanning frequency of 400 kHz, achieving up to 10,000 frames per second. This allowed for precise observations of complex biological processes in living tissues, including calcium signal propagation and blood flow measurements.
Advanced X-ray technique unveils fast solid-gas chemical reaction pathways
A team of researchers used synchrotron XRD to investigate the topochemical solid-gas reduction mechanisms in a layered perovskite. The study found that surface treatment can manipulate reaction processes, and the technique can identify rate-determining steps for optimizing material design.
Fueled by $748K from NASA, WVU researchers explore alternative sources to help power space
Researchers at West Virginia University are exploring iodine-based thrusters as an alternative to traditional fuel sources, aiming to reduce dependence on rare noble gases. They plan to develop diagnostic technology to measure the performance of these thrusters, paving the way for widespread use in space exploration.
High-speed super-resolution microscopy via temporal compression
Researchers developed temporal compressive super-resolution microscopy (TCSRM) to overcome optical diffraction's spatial resolution restriction. TCSRM achieves high-speed imaging at 1200 frames per second with a spatial resolution of 100 nanometers, enabling observation of fast dynamics in fine structures.
SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalAdvanced Photonics·DateMar 10, 2023
Soccer goalkeeper foot forward, allowed by a 2019 law change, improves penalty diving save performance
Researchers found that the new law allowing goalkeepers to put one foot in front of the line improved their penalty diving performance. The study, led by Paulo Roberto Pereira Santiago, used 3D body reconstruction technology and motion capture to analyze dives.
SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalScientific Reports·DateJan 13, 2023
Caffeine Gets You to The Finish Line Faster, Reveals New Study
Researchers found that caffeine supplementation reduces sprint time by 0.14 seconds in the 100-meter dash, with increased explosive acceleration in the early stage of the race. Caffeine's ergogenic effects support World Athletics recommendations for athletes seeking a competitive edge.
Magnetic sensors track muscle length
MIT researchers have developed a magnet-based system to track muscle length during movement, which could improve the accuracy of prosthetic limb control. The system uses small magnets implanted in muscle and measures distances between them using a credit-card-sized sensor.
SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·JournalFrontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·DateOct 25, 2022
New imaging technique could speed up development of eye disease treatments
Researchers have developed a simplified and fast optoretinography approach to measure retinal function, potentially accelerating the development of new treatments for eye diseases. The technique can collect data from three healthy subjects in just ten minutes and has been demonstrated to be reproducible.
A fast and accurate innovative imaging technique to monitor modern semiconductor devices
Researchers at Samsung have developed a novel approach to inspect critical dimensions of semiconductor devices, improving speed and resolution. The new 'line-scan hyperspectral imaging' (LHSI) technique offers faster measurements with high spatial resolution, outperforming existing methods.
SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalJournal of Micro/Nanopatterning Materials and Metrology·DateApr 21, 2022
Fish generate movable pairs of vortices to propel them forward like body waves
Researchers discovered that fish generate movable vortex pairs of high- and low-pressure regions to propel themselves forward. This process involves precise control of body fluctuations, which enables the fish to swim with high motion control and flexibility.
New software may help neurology patients capture clinical data with their own smartphones
A new software uses pose estimation to track human motion with high accuracy, providing an objective assessment of motor function. The technology has the potential to revolutionize neurological care by enabling patients to record video that can be analyzed by their physicians remotely.