Articles tagged with Basic Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A research team at POSTECH developed a synthesis method that precisely controls the size and shape of perovskite nanocrystals using liquid crystalline antisolvents. The method produces uniformly sized particles without additional purification processes, accelerating commercialization of optoelectronic devices.
Dr. Yonatan Stelzer has made significant contributions to understanding epigenetic mechanisms and embryonic development, challenging conventional knowledge with innovative approaches. His research aims to establish fully data-driven quantitative models of spatiotemporal processes in mammals.
The study reveals the existence of valley vortex states within water wave crystals, introducing a new degree of freedom for water wave manipulation. These states have significant implications for ocean energy extraction, marine engineering, and coastal infrastructures.
Dr. Paola Arlotta's groundbreaking research on stem cell-derived brain organoids has redefined human brain development and neurological disease understanding. Her work provides access to the complexities of developing human brains, making her a deserving recipient of the ISSCR Momentum Award.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine have discovered a vulnerability in the hepatitis B virus that could lead to new treatments. The study found a compound already in clinical trials against cancer that successfully disrupted the virus's ability to infect human liver cells.
Researchers at Sainsbury Wellcome Centre develop novel experimental setup called Translocator, isolating fundamental elements of locomotion and motion-source separation. The team finds that individual cells in primary visual cortex use motor and vestibular signals to determine visual flow origin.
Researchers at the Kavli Institute discovered that grid cells perform rapid, rhythmic sweeps into the space ahead of the animal, allowing it to probe the environment. This new understanding of spatial navigation reshapes our understanding of how the brain builds mental maps and tracks precise positions within these landscapes.
A University of Cincinnati researcher has been awarded a $2.1 million grant to investigate postoperative pain at the molecular and cellular levels. The goal is to develop new, safer non-addictive treatments for chronic pain conditions, including lower back pain and pain associated with diabetes or chemotherapy treatments.
Researchers found that a rare genetic syndrome causes different damage mechanisms in male and female brains, affecting neurogenesis and energy production. The study suggests that the ADNP protein plays a crucial role in brain development and aging, with distinct functions in males and females.
A new optical technology developed at UC Riverside enables gravitational-wave detectors to reach extreme laser powers, overcoming limitations that hinder the detection of cosmic phenomena. This breakthrough is expected to significantly expand our view of the universe, particularly in the earliest stages of its history.
The release of a unique Type Ia Supernovae dataset has significant implications for cosmologists measuring the universe's expansion history. The dataset, comprising 3628 supernovae, provides unprecedented precision and accuracy in exploring the properties of these events.
Researchers have created a novel self-healing electronic skin that repairs itself in seconds, surpassing existing technologies by up to 80%. This technology integrates artificial intelligence and offers real-time fatigue detection and muscle strength assessment with remarkable precision.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have developed a new use for superconducting nanowire photon detectors to detect high-energy protons, opening up exciting opportunities in nuclear and particle physics. The team found that wire widths smaller than 400 nanometers demonstrate high detection efficiency.
The study reveals that relaxor ferroelectrics like lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) exhibit improved performance when shrunk down to a precise range of 25-30 nanometers. This 'Goldilocks zone' size effect could enable advanced applications such as nanoelectromechanical systems and energy harvesting.
The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory's four PECASE recipients made groundbreaking contributions to next-generation energy storage and solid fuel combustion, expanding the nation's energy density portable energy storage capabilities and optimizing propulsion systems.
Researchers develop new method to study glycosylation in proteins, discovering that gut bacteria can alter molecular signatures in the brain. The study found over 150,000 glycosylated protein forms in brain tissue samples from mice.
Researchers at ISTA identify a brain region in mice that predicts and minimizes visual distortion during movement, allowing for sharper mental images. The 'ventral lateral geniculate nucleus' (vLGN) integrates motor and sensory signals to compute a comprehensive corrective signal, enabling more efficient visual processing.
Researchers mapped the precise brain mechanisms that enable animals to overcome instinctive fears, revealing two key components in this learning process. The study found that a brain structure called the ventrolateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) stores learning-induced memories and is triggered by the release of endocannabinoids.
The Terasaki Institute recognizes Dr. Cato Laurencin's groundbreaking contributions to regenerative engineering, while Dr. Jun Chen is recognized for his innovative technologies in soft bioelectronics and magnetoelastic materials.
Scientists studying neutron 'starquakes' hope to gain new insights into the properties of neutron stars, improving our understanding of the universe. This research has potential implications for fields like health, security, and energy.
ApoB100 protein structure revealed for the first time, allowing for more precise testing and treatment of high cholesterol and heart disease. The discovery may lead to new drugs targeting LDL particles, reducing side effects of statin drugs.
Research reveals that Eurasian Steppe grasslands are more susceptible to drought than North American Great Plains due to lower plant diversity. The study found a 43% reduction in annual productivity in Eurasia compared to a 25% reduction in North America under similar extreme drought conditions.
Researchers from ANEMEL have developed highly stable anion exchange membrane electrolysers that can produce hydrogen without using platinum-group catalysts. The new technology surpasses state-of-the-art solutions in performance and long-term stability, holding promise for industrial applications.
Researchers found that ornamental never never plants can store water for up to 45 days, maintaining photosynthetic activity and chloroplast structure unchanged. This helps them adapt to drought conditions, a challenge for many crops.
Tobias Ackels' research reveals that mammals can differentiate between odor sources at lightning speed, using a temporal dimension to orient themselves in space. This ability is encoded in the output of the olfactory bulb and could be used for early detection of dementia.
The project leverages super-radiance to enhance the brightness and emission rate of fluorophores, enabling high-throughput imaging and tracking of molecular processes. This could lead to breakthroughs in fields like cell biology, materials science, and nanotechnology.
Researchers identified an unknown family of microbes uniquely adapted to tropical peatlands, with a dual role in the carbon cycle. These microbes can either stabilize or intensify climate change by releasing greenhouse gases like CO2 and methane.
The EHT Collaboration unveils a new analysis of the supermassive black hole at the heart of galaxy M87, combining observations from 2017 and 2018. The study confirms the presence of a luminous ring with a shifted brightest region, indicating turbulent accretion disk dynamics.
The new model, based on a PV-RNN framework, achieves compositionality by combining language with vision, proprioception, working memory, and attention. It requires less computing power than large language models (LLMs) and makes mistakes similar to humans.
The open-access journal Plant Hormones focuses on fundamental research and reviews in plant hormone biosynthesis, signal transduction, and roles in growth and development. It aims to provide a platform for worldwide academic exchange and knowledge dissemination in the field of botany.
Researchers at Pohang University of Science & Technology have developed a technology that uses microwaves to produce clean hydrogen in minutes, overcoming limitations of existing methods. By leveraging microwave energy, the team achieved significant breakthroughs in reducing production temperatures and time.
A breakthrough study reveals a critical pathway linking synaptic activity to gene expression changes necessary for learning and memory. Researchers identified the activation of receptors and ion channels generating calcium signals that rapidly communicate from synapses to the nucleus.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Grainger College of Engineering have successfully integrated flexible electronics into a three-ply, self-deployable boom weighing only 20 grams. The boom's paper-thin structure is designed to withstand harsh space conditions and enable multifunctional devices.
Researchers at John Innes Centre have discovered a biological mechanism that enhances partnerships between plant roots and soil microbes, increasing nutrient uptake. This finding holds great potential for advancing sustainable agriculture by reducing the need for inorganic fertilizers.
A novel diagnostic system called TwinDemic Detection offers simultaneous and rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus. The system has a detection limit of 0.46 picomolar for CoV and 0.39 pM for IAV, correctly predicting positive and negative samples in high percentages.
Researchers have created a model system with a defect in graphene that allows certain ions to pass through, including chloride. This breakthrough has significant implications for water filtration membranes, artificial receptors, and chloride channels.
Researchers at Garvan Institute of Medical Research discovered how chronic hepatitis C infection leads to autoimmune disease by identifying 'rogue clone' B cells with harmful autoantibodies. The study found that a triad of genetic mutations is required for the autoimmune disease to develop, opening new paths for treatments.
Marie Bo&r's $875,000 grant will fund her project to learn more about partons from an experimental and phenomenological point of view. Her goal is to understand the static and dynamic properties of quarks when confined in a nucleon, with potential implications for the study of radioactivity.
Researchers demonstrate that light can interact with a single-atom layer of thallium-lead alloys, restricting spin-polarized current flow to one direction. This phenomenon enables functionality beyond ordinary diodes and paves the way for ultra-fine two-dimensional spintronic devices.
The EQUSPACE consortium aims to create a scalable solution for silicon-based donor spin qubits, enabling long-term future for Europe's quantum industry. The project will develop materials science methods and atomic modifications to enhance the stability of qubits.
Researchers from Jena have discovered how the soil fungus Mortierella alpina eliminates nematodes using natural products called malpinins. These malpinins accumulate in the digestive tract of nematodes and disrupt their function, leading to a slow but effective control of the pests.
Researchers reveal that contradictory findings on territorial self-governance and ethnic civil war risk are primarily due to variations in measurement definitions. The study highlights the importance of considering the nuances of data choice in understanding conflict resolution.
Physicists at Brown University have observed a novel class of quantum particles called fractional excitons, which behave in unexpected ways. The discovery unlocks a range of novel quantum phases of matter, presenting a new frontier for future research.
The Department of Energy's new research centers, led by SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, aim to make microelectronics more energy efficient and operate in extreme environments. Researchers will focus on innovating material design, devices, and systems architectures to push computing and sensing capabilities.
The SETI Institute's 2024 Forward Award recipients, Gabriella Rizzo and Pritvik Sinhadc, conducted innovative research on extremophiles in deep-sea hydrothermal vents and gravitational wave signals. Their work has the potential to reveal new life forms and technosignatures, pushing humanity's understanding of the universe and our place...
Researchers from Southern Methodist University and University of Michigan found A-B testing limitations that affect user response to ads, leading to misinterpreted data. The study highlights the importance of recognizing these limitations to make informed marketing decisions.
The NSF is seeking proposals for research on transport phenomena and fluid dynamics in space, leveraging the ISS National Lab's microgravity environment. Selected projects will receive funding to advance fundamental and translational research benefiting humanity.
Researchers at UTHealth Houston have discovered two novel genes, DYRK1A and EGFR, linked to genetic mutations causing epileptic brain lesions. This breakthrough offers a new framework for understanding epilepsy and developing targeted therapies.
Scientists at the Allen Institute have identified specific cell types in the brain that undergo major changes with age, which could lead to new treatments for age-related brain diseases. The study provides a detailed map of brain cells affected by aging and highlights potential connections between diet, inflammation, and brain health.
Neuroscientist Professor Raz Yirmiya reveals a vital link between inflammation and depression through groundbreaking research. His work suggests that both activation and suppression of the immune system can trigger depressive symptoms, highlighting the need for personalized treatment approaches.
Emory University MD candidate Fayzan Rab's research investigates the economic and public health implications of psychedelic therapy implementation. His work emphasizes making these innovative treatments accessible to traditionally underserved communities.
Researchers found that older adults with weakened immunity developed fewer antibodies against RSV following vaccination compared to healthy individuals. The study suggests that adjuvant-enhanced vaccines could improve immune responses in immunocompromised people, warranting further investigation.
Researchers discovered that RNA modifications enable fungi to evade drug treatment and become temporarily resistant. This finding could lead to better treatment options against fungal infections by targeting specific RNA modification mechanisms.
Researchers from Texas A&M University have introduced a novel thermodynamic concept called the 'centotectic,' which investigates the stability of liquids in extreme conditions. The study provides critical information for determining the habitability of icy moons like Europa, with potential implications for planetary exploration efforts.
Researchers have identified molecular changes that occur long before symptoms appear, shedding light on the development of Rett syndrome. These findings hold promise for developing safe gene therapies and monitoring biomarkers to track MECP2 gene function.
A new study finds that disease-causing bacteria can infect a wide range of plant species, including non-flowering plants, using a common set of pathogenicity factors. The research suggests that the toxin syringomycin interferes with cell membranes across diverse plant species.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have successfully completed a phase I clinical trial of VU319, a drug that increases the efficacy of acetylcholine at the M1 receptor, showing promise as an Alzheimer's treatment. The trial demonstrated no side effects and target engagement at the highest dose tested.
Researchers at Waseda University found that somatosensory electrical stimulation on the wrist can bias subsequent motor decisions, increasing the likelihood of using the stimulated hand. This phenomenon highlights a connection between sensory input and motor choices, with potential implications for individuals with motor impairments.
Researchers have discovered that dextromethorphan, an FDA-approved ingredient found in many cough syrups, has potential to treat fibrotic lung disease. The study, published in Science Translational Medicine, showed how dextromethorphan can impede collagen formation, reducing lung scarring and stiffness.
New MSK research sheds light on RAD51 control, gene amplification method and tumor suppressor genes in cancer. A new study develops a method to study gene amplifications in cancer by engineering them in cells and mice using extrachromosomal DNAs.