Articles tagged with Urban Studies
A new USC study shows that gentrifying neighborhoods become more white, with minority communities changing racial makeup in 18-30% of cases. Most ascending neighborhoods primarily black or Hispanic become mixed-race, while whites become the majority in only 11% of these areas.
A study of 40 healthy male participants found that those raised in urban areas without pets exhibited heightened immune activation and inflammation after psychosocial stress. This suggests a potential link between urban upbringing and increased vulnerability to stress-associated physical and mental disorders.
A recent study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing explores how injured black men in Philadelphia perceived their psychological symptoms after injury and the factors that guided their decisions to seek professional mental health help. The study found that despite suffering from severe psychological symptoms, very few ...
Large disparities persist in the impact of cardiovascular disease across US states, mainly influenced by modifiable risk factors. The study estimated health lost to CVD at the state level from 1990 to 2016 using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.
In a study on Baltimore neighborhoods, researchers found that mosquito bites vary by socioeconomic status, with rats being the primary blood meal source in lower-income areas. Humans and cats are also bitten, but proportionally more frequently in higher-income neighborhoods due to human behavior.
Research by INRS professor Tracie A. Barnett found that children living in more walkable neighborhoods have smaller waist measurements and lower BMI levels. The study suggests that infrastructure designed to encourage walking can help reduce childhood obesity.
A new study projects that cutting carbon emissions sooner could avoid up to 153 million premature deaths globally, with the greatest gains in Asia and Africa. Cities like Kolkata and Delhi, India, could see up to 4.4 million projected saved lives.
A University of Guelph study found that human encroachment is the leading cause of death among Ontario's at-risk birds of prey, with trauma and starvation being the top causes. The study analyzed over 1,500 bird deaths from 1991 to 2014 and highlighted the need for public awareness and habitat preservation to protect raptor populations.
A study found that restoring vacant land plots significantly reduced crime and vandalism, while increasing feelings of safety and use of public spaces. Residents near restored land plots reported a decrease in overall crime rates, reflecting the interventions' effectiveness.
Researchers found less people tweet per capita from larger cities compared to smaller ones, but identified a group of prolific tweeters who serve as information broadcasters for larger cities. This study challenges previous results and provides new insights into urban pace of life and social media behavior.
A study by Portland State University found that rural ranchers in Mexico's Baja California peninsula faced significant challenges accessing water during a six-year drought. The study highlights a rural-urban divide, with those living closer to urban areas having better access to water deliveries.
A new study finds that consumer and industrial products are a dominant urban air pollution source, contributing as much as the transportation sector. Particle-forming emissions from chemical products are twice as high as those from vehicles, causing lung damage.
A study published in PLOS ONE reveals that nearly 60% of Anna's Hummingbirds have feather mites on their tail flight feathers, while other species show lower rates. The distribution of live mites was found to be more prevalent on outer tail feathers and often nestled between barbs.
A new study by Université Laval researchers found that Canadians who suffer a stroke have a higher risk of dying if treated in a rural hospital compared to an urban one. The mortality rate is approximately 25% higher for patients treated in rural areas.
A recent study published in Nature Scientific Reports suggests that containment measures during epidemics can make a society less resilient and more vulnerable to economic and social disruption. By limiting mobility, authorities may create greater risks than they mitigate. The study's findings highlight the need for policymakers to con...
In a recent study, red foxes and coyotes were found to coexist in the urban environment of Madison, Wisconsin, due to abundant food resources. The animals' home ranges were classified into five categories based on human development, with coyotes preferring natural spaces and red foxes opting for developed areas.
A Rutgers University-Camden study found that urban insects are more resilient in extreme weather due to adaptations to high-stress urban environments. Arthropod diversity declined after Hurricane Sandy in New York City parks, becoming indistinguishable from street medians.
Fine aerosol particles in Beijing exhibit high growth rates, with frequent events occurring approximately every 20 hours. The study reveals that nucleation is the dominant mechanism driving these growth events, contributing to haze formation and air quality issues.
Researchers found that urban streams have more pharmaceutical pollution than suburban counterparts, leading to changes in microbial communities. The study suggests that urban streams harbor resistant microbes that can maintain ecological function despite pharmaceutical exposure.
A UC Riverside-led study found that tobacco shops are associated with high levels of violent and property crime in South Los Angeles. In contrast, medical marijuana dispensaries were not linked to greater violent crime around their locations.
A recent study found a rapid increase in type 1 diabetes cases among children in China over the past two decades. The majority of new cases are diagnosed in adults, highlighting the need for more resources to improve care for adult-onset type 1 diabetes.
Reduced nitric oxide levels over Los Angeles are triggering the formation of organic hydroperoxides, a potentially harmful class of airborne chemicals. These compounds can form when hydrocarbons react with themselves due to low nitric oxide concentrations, posing unknown health risks.
A simulation model found that investing in targeted policing and the community-based strategy Cure Violence can effectively reduce urban violence. The study suggests that a combination of both approaches may be more effective than either alone.
A new study by USC researchers links higher levels of air pollution to increased teenage delinquency, citing tiny, toxic particles as a major contributor. Exposure to PM2.5 has been shown to cause inflammation in the brain, damaging neural networks and influencing adolescent behavior.
A study published in The BMJ found that air pollution from road traffic in London is associated with an increased risk of low birth weight babies born at full term. Exposure to PM2.5 pollutants was linked to a 2-6% increased odds of low birth weight and 1-3% increased odds of being small for gestational age.
A recent study found that California's urban forest canopy cover per capita is the lowest in the US, despite providing significant ecosystem services valued at $8.3 billion annually. The state's arid climate and high population density may contribute to this result.
A study published in Scientific Reports reveals how Cape Town's baboons use a sit-and-wait tactic before raiding homes and gardens in search of food. The research shows that only 10% of their foraging time is spent on raids, highlighting the extreme behavioral flexibility of these canny primates.
The journal's Autumn 2017 issue features original research articles on mental health problems due to community violence exposure and overnight pulse oximetry for screening obstructive sleep apnea. Other topics include smoking cessation counseling accuracy and adult-onset celiac disease in primary care.
A new study by Johns Hopkins University reveals that climate change will disproportionately affect people living in crowded urban settlements in Africa. The study found that temperatures in these areas can be up to 10 degrees Fahrenheit higher than the official weather station, leading to a significant increase in heat-related deaths.
A new study reveals that spending time in rural and coastal locations has a greater positive impact on psychological well-being compared to urban green spaces. Visits to natural areas with protected status and longer durations are associated with stronger emotional connections and improved mental health.
A new study found that smokers who received financial incentives, in addition to personalized support, were nearly 10 times more likely to quit smoking after six months compared to those in the control group. The intervention also showed significant reductions in smoking rates among older participants, women, and non-white smokers.
Researchers discovered that bacteria use pili as their sense of touch when interacting with surfaces, leading to a new understanding of bacterial surface sensing. This mechanism may help scientists develop strategies to control bacterial growth, either beneficially in bioreactors or pathogenically on medical devices.
A recent study by researchers at the University of Toronto found that immigrant parents and refugees are more likely to experience mental health issues and socioeconomic challenges. Their children are also more likely to fall behind in learning before kindergarten, which can have long-term implications for their education and development.
A study by University of Illinois ornithologist Mike Ward found that 85% of Canada geese wintered in the Greater Chicago Metropolitan Area, with none making foraging flights to agricultural fields. The birds' ability to minimize risk by using urban areas suggests they are prioritizing survival over energy intake.
A new Berkeley Lab study finds that cool roofs can save up to 9% of outdoor water consumption in California counties. Widespread adoption could result in 83 million gallons of water savings daily in Los Angeles County.
A study of African-American and Latino adults in a high-risk urban community found that despite numerous risk factors, the rate of substance use problems is low for a substantial proportion of participants. Protective 'resilience' factors, such as support, education, and employment, also play a crucial role in preventing substance misuse.
Researchers found that users struggle to use drone images to locate objects on the ground, posing challenges for emergency operations and applications. Switching from an aerial view to a ground view slows down estimates of object location, with incorrect placements four times farther away.
Suburban areas in the US face barriers to healthcare access, including limited community health centers and free clinics. Poor suburbanites have higher odds of being uninsured and having unmet healthcare needs compared to higher-income adults.
A new study published in Academic Emergency Medicine found no association between prehospital advanced cardiac life support and survival for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Instead, the study suggests focusing on increasing bystander CPR, decreasing response times, and defibrillation.
A study found that 40% of cancer patients at an urban cancer center were diagnosed with depression, with three-fourths of these cases being previously undiagnosed. Female patients and disabled patients were more likely to be depressed, emphasizing the need for mental health screening and care.
A large international study found that any physical activity can prevent heart disease and death, with 38% of participants meeting the 150 minutes a week guideline through activities like commuting or household chores. The study showed significant benefits from incorporating physical activity into daily life, regardless of intensity.
Researchers found utilizing local artists' images and dialects helped address misperceptions about Ebola treatment, involving trusted messengers for two-way communication. The study's evidence-based approach can inform message development and implementation during public health emergencies.
Research highlights the disparity in firearm injury rates among pediatric populations in urban and rural settings. Teenagers living in urban areas are disproportionately affected by firearm assaults, whereas children in rural areas face a higher risk of accidental firearm injuries. Accidental injuries were the leading cause of hospital...
A study of nine young athletes found that contact drills involving multiple players led to the highest number of head impacts, while open-field tackling resulted in high-magnitude impacts. The study suggests modifying or eliminating certain drills from practice sessions to reduce injury risks.
Researchers found that racially segregated areas had higher mortality rates in both urban and rural areas, but blacks sometimes lived longer in segregated areas. This may be due to less exposure to deadly infectious diseases before antibiotics were widely available.
A large-scale study of 135,335 individuals across 18 countries found that a moderate intake of fruit, vegetables, and legumes can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and death. The study's findings indicate that consuming an average of 3-4 servings per day is as beneficial as higher amounts in reducing total mortality.
A new study from Brown University found that less than one-third of teachers perceived as ineffective by principals are actually formally rated that way. Despite major reforms, time constraints and top-down system designs limit the differentiation and support for teacher effectiveness.
A recent study finds that megacities generate an average of $505 million in ecosystem services from trees, including air and water filtration, stormwater management, and energy savings. The value of tree benefits could be doubled by increasing tree cover, improving urban well-being and mitigating climate change.
Suicide rates in rural areas of Maryland are 35% higher than urban settings, driven by significantly greater use of firearms. Removing firearms from the equation reveals comparable suicide rates between rural and urban areas.
A study led by the University of California, Berkeley, found that people with mental illness reoffend less if placed on specialty probation, a program using individualized treatment-oriented approaches. Specialty probationers had a 52% recidivism rate over two years compared to 29% for traditional probationers.
Researchers developed an optimization model that improves solar power integration in residential photovoltaic systems through demand-response applications. The study found that DR applications with 100% PV penetration reduced energy consumption by 32%, network losses by 42%, and improved network utilization by 12%.
A new book by UTA researcher Shima Hamidi shows that life expectancy, economic mobility, transportation choices, and personal health and safety all improve in less sprawling areas. People in compact, connected counties tend to have lower risks of obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
A study of rural primary care physicians found that younger physicians experience higher turnover rates than older counterparts, with 17% biennial turnover among younger physicians. Rural practice is particularly challenging, with non-retention worse in counties without a hospital or smaller population.
The study, analyzing 40,358 papers and 2,350 patents from 2004 to 2014, reveals that spatial relations on campus fuel collaboration. Researchers near colleagues are more likely to engage in substantive conversations, leading to increased collaborative activity.
A new study reveals that 65% of global irrigated areas are impacted by urban wastewater flows, with 29.3 million hectares in countries with limited treatment exposing widespread consumer and farmer health risks. The findings call for urgent investments in improved sanitation to mitigate public health threats.
A study reveals that tiger mosquitoes thrive in low-income urban areas of Baltimore due to vacant lots, abandoned buildings, and inadequate waste management. This research underscores the need for targeted mosquito control strategies and urban greening initiatives to mitigate environmental injustices and protect public health.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that health insurance expansion through the Affordable Care Act significantly reduced the incidence of sudden cardiac arrest among middle-aged adults who were previously uninsured. The study analyzed emergency medical services data from an urban Oregon coun...
A study from North Carolina State University found that common wild bee species decline as urban temperatures rise. The researchers used a lab test to predict how whole populations will fare at higher temperatures in urban areas, finding that the least heat-tolerant species are most affected.
A study by researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center found that youth football players aged 9-13 experience more forceful head impacts as they progress to higher levels of competition. The study recorded over 40,000 head impacts and found significant differences in impact exposure between different levels of play.
A recent study by Louisiana State University researchers found that urban development has declined in coastal flood zones nationwide, but grown in inland counties. This trend poses a significant risk to populations living in inland flood zones, who may not be aware of the hazards despite migrating to coastal areas.