Researchers at the University of Vermont and National Institutes of Health have developed a highly effective dengue vaccine requiring only one dose. The vaccine has shown promise in protecting against all four dengue strains, with no adverse reactions reported among test subjects.
Researchers adapted high-throughput screening technology to identify effective antimicrobial compounds against the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. The automated system delivered results indistinguishable from human-led experiments and reduced testing time by a third, paving the way for potential new antibiotics.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health finds a significant link between rodent infestations and depressive symptoms in low-income residents. Residents in neighborhoods with rats are more likely to experience acute depressive symptoms, despite having similar perceptions of rats as those in other neighborhoods.
Researchers discovered how hepatitis B virus (HBV) counterattacks the host's defense system by destroying a protective protein complex. This finding suggests new avenues for developing innovative therapeutic agents targeting the X protein.
Tropical Cyclone Emeraude formed on March 15, 2016, in the South Indian Ocean, with intense rainfall rates exceeding 220 mm/h. GPM data revealed a 3D structure of precipitation, indicating storm tops heights above 15 km.
A clinical trial showed that the experimental vaccine TV003 protected all 21 volunteers from infection, while placebo recipients developed infection. The study's results inform a phase 3 efficacy trial and offer new hope for dengue prevention.
A genetic analysis of critically endangered Orinoco crocodile hatchlings reveals that some clutches may be fathered by two or three male crocodiles. The study, published in PLOS ONE, found that half of the clutches were fathered by multiple males.
Researchers at the University of Zurich developed a revised Sense of Coherence Scale to improve mental resilience assessments. The new questionnaire yields more accurate and objective results, revealing that individuals with greater resilience suffer less from depression and bereavement pain.
A record number of 40,829 hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT) were performed globally in 2014, with 36,469 patients treated. This represents a continued increase in HSCT rates, both allogeneic and autologous, over the past two decades.
Researchers studied temperature measurements, ice core data, and ocean sediment cores to analyze fractal patterns in natural climate variations. They found that the natural climate is chaotic and can be difficult to predict, with greater fluctuations during ice ages.
A study published by the American Academy of Neurology found that women tend to perform better on verbal memory tests and have less brain shrinkage in areas responsible for verbal memory. This suggests that women may be protected from loss of verbal memory skills before Alzheimer's disease symptoms appear.
A new study from MIT reveals that certain cancers develop a backup system to evade treatment, which can be detected in blood samples. Combining kinase inhibitors with another drug shows promise in improving results, according to researchers.
A recent study published in Journal of Experimental Biology found that Paralympic sprinters with left leg prostheses are impaired when running on the inside lanes of curved tracks, resulting in slower times. This could impact their performance and potentially affect gold medal chances.
Researchers found a promising single-dose dengue vaccine effective in preventing human volunteers from contracting the virus, protecting against infection. The study's findings could be the final piece in developing an effective vaccine against dengue, which infects nearly 400 million people annually.
A recent study published in Ecological Engineering suggests that restoring wetlands in the Midwest can reduce peak river flows during floods by up to 17.5 percent. This approach could provide a natural and ecological option for flood management, serving as an additional tool for mitigating the impact of climate change.
Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have developed new gas signature models to aid in locating and identifying underground nuclear tests. The models use computer simulations and field experiments to track the evolution of gases from UNEs, potentially helping inspectors identify clandestine sites within a search area.
A new study found that moderate to vigorous physical activity can significantly reduce the risk of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) after hospitalization. Patients who were active had a 47% lower risk of death compared to inactive patients.
Leading researchers identify five priorities for surgical disparities research, focusing on improving communication, community outreach, and care quality. The national agenda aims to reduce disparities in surgical procedures and improve patient-centered care.
Researchers discovered a new class of common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) caused by IKAROS gene mutations, enabling definitive genetic diagnosis and potential personalized treatment. The study found six unrelated families sharing similar symptoms and changes in the same gene, highlighting the need for early intervention.
A new Dartmouth study finds that Arctic soils are releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere at an accelerated rate due to rising temperatures and moisture levels. The research suggests that warmer conditions could create a positive feedback loop, further boosting global temperatures.
Researchers found that viruses opt for 'piggyback-the-winner' strategy, integrating into hosts to reduce replication and avoid immunity defenses. This model better explains virus-host dynamics during microbial population booms.
Researchers have successfully printed living cartilage tissue using 3D bioprinting and human cells, paving the way for precision implants to heal damaged joints, noses and ears. The technology uses a bioink containing human cells and polysaccharides from algae or wood, allowing for precise architecture and cell production.
A recent study found that 2.5% of adults experienced marijuana use disorder in the past year, with 6.3% having met the diagnostic criteria at some point in their lives. Only 7% of those with past-year disorder received any treatment.
Researchers developed a microbial electrochemical cell that harnesses tomato waste to generate electric current. The process also helps purify the tomato-contaminated solid waste and associated wastewater. With an expected scale-up, the electrical output could be increased by several orders of magnitude.
Researchers discover inhibiting cholesterol esterification enzyme ACAT1 boosts CD8+ T cells' antitumor activity. Avasimibe, a small molecule inhibitor of ACAT1, shows promising results in treating cancer and could be used as a complement to current immunotherapies.
Baylor College of Medicine researchers have developed a new mathematical tool that combines biochemistry and computational analysis to identify specific structural changes in the dopamine 2 receptor, which helps maintain its structure and function throughout an evolutionary time scale. This discovery opens the possibility for better dr...
A study of the Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey found that child abuse experiences accounted for 28.7% of the burden of illness, while Afghanistan-related deployments contributed 8.7%. Child abuse was linked to various mental disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder.
A clinical study found that veterans with subclinical PTSD experience a 29% drop in symptoms after treatment, compared to 14% for those with full PTSD. This discovery highlights the potential benefits of early-stage PTSD treatment and could lead to cost-effectiveness in treating this common disorder.
Researchers at Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center have developed a method to quickly evaluate specific food compounds in human urine. The new tool looks for isothiocyanates found in cruciferous vegetables and could help scientists identify the most beneficial anticancer foods.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield have developed a novel implantable material that replicates the natural recoil of a healthy pelvic floor. This softer, elastic material is designed to reduce debilitating side-effects associated with current rigid materials used in urinary incontinence surgery.
Researchers successfully extracted ancient DNA from a southern African mummy, providing insights into past population dynamics. The analysis revealed genetic ties to the Sotho-Tswana and Khoesan communities, shedding light on the region's cultural heritage.
Researchers used optogenetics to manipulate bioelectrical signals in cells, preventing tumor formation and inducing regression. This breakthrough provides proof of principle for a new class of therapies that use light to target tumors, potentially avoiding toxic chemotherapy.
A team of astronomers using HARPS spectrograph detected the motion of bright spots on Ceres, suggesting they are composed of volatile materials that evaporate in sunlight. The study revealed unexpected variations in the spots' brightness due to the action of solar radiation.
The IADR/AADR have released the first issue of JDR Clinical & Translational Research, a journal focusing on the translation of research into clinical practice. The inaugural issue covers various topics in applied oral health research, with an emphasis on rapid dissemination and application.
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital identified five research priorities to address health care disparities in surgical care. The top priorities include leveraging electronic health records, improving patient-provider communication, and evaluating regionalization of care.
Researchers found that a poor diet and lack of exercise accelerate cellular senescence and age-related conditions in mice. Exercise was shown to prevent premature senescent cell accumulation and protect against unhealthy diet-induced damage.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a technique to track ion movement in the MXene material, revealing important insights into its energy storage properties. The study's findings suggest that ion insertion and diffusion play a crucial role in the material's exceptional performance.
A new experimental platform is providing new insights into the complex problem of coral decline. The 'coral on a chip' system allows scientists to examine living coral polyps in the lab under controlled conditions.
A new risk model and risk score have been developed to identify patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) after non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS). The cumulative incidence of SCD was found to occur continuously over time, with a rate of approximately 1 percent per year.
CV screening workstations aid technicians in accurately reviewing LDCT scans, leading to reduced false positives and improved efficiency. The study found 97.8% sensitivity and 98% specificity in identifying abnormal scans, with average review time of 208 seconds.
Researchers develop mouse model of Jacobsen syndrome, a rare inherited disease that affects social behavior and brain function. The study finds that the anti-anxiety drug clonazepam reduces autistic features in mice, suggesting potential for new therapies.
A Yale-led team of paleontologists has determined that the Tully Monster, a 300-million-year-old animal with teeth at the end of a narrow head extension and eyes on either side of a long bar, was a vertebrate with gills and a notochord. The discovery sheds light on the creature's likely predatory lifestyle.
Researchers at Oxford University found that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) significantly improved motor skills in stroke patients. The study showed that tDCS reinforced training, leading to greater recovery and increased brain activity in relevant areas.
A study found that white patients and those with lower incomes were slower to discontinue diabetes medication rosiglitazone after a FDA safety alert. Patients living in higher- versus lowest-socioeconomic status communities discontinued the drug significantly earlier.
Bumblebees are unable to share their pollinating knowledge with less experienced bees, according to a study published in PLOS ONE. The researchers set up an outdoor flight cage with artificial flowers and found that more experienced bees frequently attacked newcomers who tried to copy their foraging routes.
Negative portrayals of aging dominate popular music lyrics, often reflecting a young person's perspective on old age. Research highlights the need for more positive and inclusive media reporting on aging issues to avoid stereotypes.
The DOE has awarded Carnegie Mellon a $3 million grant to train graduate students in robotics for environmental remediation of nuclear sites. The five-year program will provide financial support and research opportunities for up to 20 Ph.D. and master's degree students.
A new study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that patients with high-risk prostate cancer who received radiation treatment at a facility with higher volumes performed better than those treated at lower-volume facilities. The study analyzed data from 19,565 patients and found improved 7-year overall survival rates.
Physician-scientists Ethan Dmitrovsky and Waun Ki Hong recognized for their efforts in cancer prevention and control. Dmitrovsky's work on retinoids has led to a significant impact on leukemia treatment, while Hong's research in cancer chemoprevention and personalized therapies has advanced the field.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Human Biology found that cortisol levels increase with aggressive behavior in 10-year-old boys. Cortisol is not associated with increased aggression in girls during this age range.
A study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology found that allowing women to extend labor by four hours instead of three resulted in a significant reduction of cesarean deliveries. The incidence of cesarean delivery was about 19.5 percent in the extended labor group, compared to 43 percent in the usual labor group.
The IBS Center for Correlated Electron Systems has successfully created monolayer and multilayer samples of the magnetic Van der Waals material NiPS3. This achievement lays the foundation for the development of high-speed, low-energy consuming semiconductors that can be integrated into various devices.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have developed a computer model to analyze wind conditions on the Masters' notorious 12th hole, revealing that tall tree canopies significantly impact accuracy. The system can predict wind direction and speed's effect on golf shots, aiding golfers in choosing clubs and aiming strategies.
The Cornell University-led project will develop heat-tolerant wheat strains using modern tools of comparative genomics and big data. The four-year grant aims to improve wheat resistance to stem and yellow rust, increasing global yields for smallholder farmers in vulnerable regions.
Researchers found that circadian changes in mitochondria regulate energy levels and sugar use for energy production. The study suggests that timing of meals affects metabolic health.
Researchers found that 'carefree' teams with few family responsibilities experience higher cohesion and lower social loafing. Mixed teams where the majority of teammates are 'carefree' can also benefit from increased virtuality, as 'busy' teammates learn from their peers.
Researchers at Hokkaido University are developing perovskite ceramic capacitors with improved insulating properties. The process involves sintering and annealing the material to exhibit ferroelectricity, a promising dielectric property for multi-layered ceramic capacitors.
A new study finds that genetic changes in bacteria have enabled them to develop resistance to copper's antibacterial properties. This increased resistance poses an infection risk for people, particularly in areas with high copper use, such as animal feed and hospital equipment.
Researchers used stable isotope and genetic analysis to determine the summering grounds of bats killed by wind turbines in the Appalachian region. The study found that intensive wind-energy development may affect bat species differently, with some populations better able to absorb turbine-related deaths.
A new study analyzing 50 years of hemophilia care data found significant disparities in outcomes between men with severe and mild forms of the disease. Men with severe hemophilia were more likely to experience physical limitations, disability, and frequent bleeding despite access to effective therapies. The study emphasizes the need fo...