New research reveals that co-exposure to oil and UV radiation from sunlight significantly reduces survival rates of fish larvae in the Gulf of Mexico. Oil pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are toxic when combined with sunlight, posing a deadly threat to marine life.
A study found that musical training increases brain fiber connections in children, particularly in the minor forceps area of the frontal cortex, which is linked to cognitive abilities and disorders like autism and ADHD. This new understanding may lead to targeted strategies for intervention.
The new digital platform, NEJM Yi Xue Qian Yan, delivers select translated articles from the New England Journal of Medicine to healthcare professionals in China. The platform features commentary from Chinese medical experts, providing context on important medical advances.
Research links household smoke exposure in early childhood to increased self-reported antisocial behavior in early adolescence. Long-term neurotoxic effects of second-hand smoke are suggested as a contributing factor.
A new study compared the effectiveness of opioids and NSAIDs in treating persistent pain after car crashes, finding no significant difference in pain risk but a higher likelihood of ongoing opioid use among patients prescribed opioids.
A team of geophysicists has reconstructed the terminal phase of the collision between North America and Gondwana, revealing a 300km-long shear zone that stretches from Alabama to Florida. This discovery provides new insights into the formation of the southern Appalachians and has implications for understanding mountain-building processes.
Researchers aim to design an outreach program promoting awareness and prevention options among at-risk women. The study will focus on Philadelphia and New York metropolitan areas, surveying women's thoughts and obstacles surrounding PrEP usage.
A new study found that individuals who feel like impostors in their jobs are less likely to fulfill their full potential, undervaluing their talent and affecting their careers. However, this phenomenon can also encourage people to offer their best performance, highlighting the complex relationship between self-doubt and success.
James H. Garrett Jr., dean of the College of Engineering, was elected for contributions to computing and civil engineering. Vijayakumar Bhagavatula, a professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering, was elected for research contributions to pattern recognition. This marks the 143rd year of AAAS Fellows selection.
New research indicates that the US will see a ratio of 15:1 record highs to lows by 2065 due to increased greenhouse gas emissions. The study suggests that temperatures are expected to rise by around 3 degrees C over the continental US, leading to more frequent record-breaking heatwaves.
A new study by Michigan State University researchers found that Supreme Court justices are less likely to side with briefs using flashy adjectives and emotionally charged language. Using minimal emotional language increases a petitioner's chances of winning by 29%, while respondents can win with certainty when using objective tone.
Researchers have found a strong association between El Niáo-Southern Oscillation conditions and observed weather in Sri Lanka, leading to exacerbated dengue epidemics. The study used the Oceanic Niño Index to quantify data associations and found an increasing relative risk of dengue with increasing rainfall and temperatures.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that tailored post-hospital visits, also known as POSH visits, can lower the risk of hospital readmission for Medicare Advantage patients. These visits are scheduled while the patient is still in the hospital and focus on following up with treatment plans after discharge.
Researchers found a universal principle underlying human intelligence, enabling complex brain computations and generalization of knowledge. The Theory of Connectivity proposes a simple mathematical logic guiding neural connections and communications.
A new study shows that a combination of two topical drugs triggers a robust immune response against precancerous skin lesions, reducing their number by up to 88%. The therapy activates T cells to attack abnormal skin cells, offering a more effective and better-tolerated treatment alternative.
Research by QUT's Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety - Queensland found that driver distraction and sleepiness account for approximately 25% and 20% of road crashes respectively. Younger drivers are more vulnerable to these risks due to their developing sleep-wake systems.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) viruses have been reported in Europe via wild bird migration, primarily affecting poultry and wild birds. The risk of transmission to the general public is considered very low, but people handling infected birds may be at risk.
The study analyzes albedo effects on climate change induced by converting land to produce biofuels, finding corn ethanol has a net cooling effect while miscanthus and switchgrass exhibit net warming effects. The research provides a more accurate picture of climate effects of biofuel feedstock production.
A recent study found that low-fat diets and regular exercise can reduce liver inflammation and scarring in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Additionally, improved liver health was associated with enhanced kidney function in these individuals, independent of other factors such as diabetes or weight loss.
A Yale-led research team identified a protein called ALK1 that binds to LDL cholesterol, facilitating its transport into cells. This finding could lead to a new therapeutic approach for reducing atherosclerosis and slowing heart disease.
Astronomers have found an extremely faint dwarf satellite galaxy, Virgo I, located 280,000 light years from the Sun. The discovery suggests hundreds of yet-undetected dwarf satellites in the halo of the Milky Way.
The Tennessee wine industry has seen significant growth, with 435 direct workers in the winery industry, an increase of 20% from the previous year. The state now has 72 bonded wineries, providing well over 500 jobs, mainly in rural areas where job options are limited.
A study reveals Ottawa as a biodiversity hotspot for Microgastrinae wasps, with 158 species recorded. This surpasses the total number of species found in Canada and Ontario, showcasing the region's unique habitats and diversity.
Researchers at the University of Surrey have created a new diagnostic test for cocaine in urine and oral fluid, enabling sensitive and accurate detection. The compact mass spectrometer-based test offers quantitative data on cocaine levels, potentially revolutionizing scenarios requiring rapid drug testing.
Using statins like lovastatin and simvastatin may increase the risk of bleeding when combined with dabigatran etexilate, a stroke prevention medication. Researchers found an increased risk of bleeding requiring hospital admission or emergency department visits with these statin combinations.
Researchers found that common probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum decreases stress-related behavior and anxiety in zebrafish, leading to increased signaling of neurotransmitters. Probiotics may have a positive impact on human stress levels, as their effects on the central nervous system are being studied.
A decline in dementia prevalence was reported in the US between 2000-2012, affecting an estimated 4-5 million older adults annually. The decline may be attributed to factors such as increased education levels and improved cardiovascular treatment, leading to a 24% reduction in dementia prevalence.
A new study from the University of Edinburgh reveals that DNA accounts for only half of a chromosome's material, with the remaining 47% being a mysterious sheath that surrounds genetic material. This discovery could help prevent errors in cell division, which are linked to certain cancers and birth defects.
The European Summit of Industrial Biotechnology 2016 highlights the growing importance of biotech, with a focus on innovative technologies like CRISPR/CAS and automated lab systems. However, severe challenges are emerging, including the potential automation of labs and the decline of human roles in scientific research.
Researchers found inconsistencies in patient care after ICU discharge, with factors like poor communication, lack of knowledge, and time pressures contributing to issues. Effective rehabilitation requires a comprehensive approach involving health professionals, patients, and families.
A study published in Oceanography presents a concept for large-scale industrial cultivation of marine microalgae to reduce fossil fuel use and generate nutritious animal feeds. Growing enough algae to meet current global liquid fuel demand would require an area roughly three times the size of Texas.
A Swedish study explores how everyday domestic cooking relates to masculinity, finding that it serves as a means of appreciation, self-fulfillment, and social connection. Cooking is seen as a key aspect of male homosociality and fathering responsibilities, with men valuing the act of cooking as much as sharing meals.
A new report from psychologists suggests that people can come to see a reliance on reason and evidence as a moral issue, leading to harsher judgments of those perceived as less rational. Individuals who moralize rationality view others as less moral and prefer to distance themselves.
Research found that non-menthol flavors in most tobacco products play a vital role in how users perceive and use tobacco products. Banning these flavors could reduce tobacco product use, especially among adolescents. The study also highlights the detrimental public health impact of adolescent use of flavored tobacco products.
A recent study from the University of Georgia found that individuals with higher levels of lutein and zeaxanthin in their diets had better cognitive performance, as measured by fMRI technology. The researchers suggest that these compounds may help buffer age-related brain decline and improve neurocognitive function.
A randomized trial involving 180 Alzheimer's patients found that occupational therapy did not slow the loss of physical function, despite tailored to individual patient needs. The results underscore the burden on caregivers and highlight the need for additional support strategies, such as home modifications and assistive devices.
Researchers use advanced microscope to observe thin water layers on ice, discovering they don't homogeneously wet the surface. This contradicts conventional wisdom and suggests a metastable transient state formed through vapor growth and sublimation.
Henri Darmon receives 2017 AMS Cole Prize for his work on the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, a major open problem in mathematics. His research casts new light on the conjecture and possible extensions of complex multiplication theory.
A study at McGill University found significant differences in how people from different cultures perceive and react to the same scents. Providing odour names reduced these cultural differences, suggesting that mental representations activated by sensory information are more diverse than those activated by knowledge of what the scent is.
A Penn study found that decreased levels of the gene p15 can distinguish nevi from melanomas. The protein p15 inhibits nevus cell proliferation and can be used as a biomarker to identify borderline cases.
Researchers found that triple-negative breast cancer cells are addicted to cystine and die rapidly when deprived of it, suggesting a potential new treatment. Cystine-blocking molecules may be effective in targeting this pathway, which is also used by other aggressive cancers.
New research summarizes what is known about oil in the ocean after a spill, including the impact of chemical dispersants. Investigators highlight the importance of studying extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to improve response to future oil spills.
A study published in Nature Genetics found that certain genetic mutations more frequently occur in male cells, potentially leading to cancer. The researchers identified six genes on the X chromosome that are more likely to be mutated in males, suggesting a new theory behind the sex disparity in cancer incidence.
A new approach to an HIV vaccine has been developed by combining a common cold virus with a DNA-based vaccine, resulting in specific immune responses in mice. The vaccine targets the Tat protein that helps the virus replicate, preventing infection and replication.
Researchers found that fat-free mass index, but not body mass index, was a significant predictor of survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lower fat-free mass index was linked to worse survival over an average follow-up of 2.3 years.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology enhance atomic force microscopy by adding electronic white noise to detect molecular interactions in slow motion. This improvement allows for the measurement of varying shades of gray, enabling a more detailed understanding of molecule binding and unbinding.
A Case Western Reserve University researcher has found that addiction treatment results improved when teens in a residential program stopped smoking. Teens who quit smoking showed lower cravings for alcohol and drugs, similar to their peers who smoked, but with better treatment duration and global functioning.
A recent study found that metformin treatment inhibits abnormal mitochondrial metabolism and activates anti-proliferation signaling in individuals with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. This inhibition leads to lower rates of tumor formation and increased survival time, suggesting metformin as a potential strategy for cancer prevention.
Scientists at UC San Diego School of Medicine discovered a key protein involved in protecting epithelial cells during stress, and found that the widely prescribed anti-diabetic drug Metformin works by activating this pathway to prevent cancer. The study provides new insights into the mechanism behind Metformin's tumor-suppressive action.
The Biogerontology Research Foundation and collaborators announce the development of a novel approach to analyzing transcriptomic data sets, titled iPANDA. The system applies deep learning algorithms to identify patient-specific pathway signatures associated with breast cancer patients.
A new study reveals an efficient means of attaching lipids to peptides, which can improve the molecules' drug-delivery capabilities. This breakthrough enables peptides to be more druglike, overcoming issues with poor absorption and breakdown.
A study by LMU researchers demonstrates that ants have cultivated their plant partners at least three million years ago, long before humans. The interaction is vital for the survival of both partners, with ants providing nutrients to epiphytes in exchange for nesting sites.
Researchers have identified a key role for protein OmpA in protecting bacterial cells from environmental stress. The protein acts as a flexible clamp to connect the cell wall and outer membrane, providing mechanical support.
A recent study found enhanced nitrous oxide emissions in Arctic soils under field warming conditions, with hampered plant growth playing a key role. The study highlights the potential for even mild air warming to trigger greenhouse gas production at depth.
The study reveals a rapidly-acting glutamate neurotransmitter called Vglut2 that suppresses feeding behavior in mice. The discovery suggests an important but unknown neural component of the satiety system is missing from current models, which could help researchers find solutions to obesity.
Research from Oregon State University reveals that rockfish larvae stick together in sibling groups until they move to shallower water. The study sheds new light on how rockfish disperse and recruit in the ocean.
Researchers use ultrafast X-ray lasers to study photosystem II protein in action, capturing the first high-resolution 3-D view at room temperature. The study reveals that previous theories explaining the mechanisms may be incorrect and opens new avenues for understanding photosynthesis.
Researchers at Binghamton University found that a 10-week walking program improved cardiovascular risk factors in women, including weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol. The study suggested that incorporating challenges into exercise programs can increase motivation and success rates.
A new study found that most women in Virginia are unaware of the increased cancer risk associated with dense breasts. Only 1 in 8 women knew their breast density was a risk factor for breast cancer.
Researchers have found evidence of preserved keratin and melanosomes in a 130-million-year-old bird fossil, extending the timeframe for molecular preservation. The discovery supports the identity of ancient microstructures and sheds new light on feather evolution.