Rats are ticklish when their mood is right
Researchers found that rats only enjoy ticklishness when they are in a good mood, similar to humans. The study also suggests that the somatosensory cortex may play a role in regulating mood.
Science News Archive November 2016 - Page 26
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International engineering team develop self-powered mobile polymers
An international group of researchers has developed self-powered mobile polymers that can move without traditional power sources. The polymers directly convert ultraviolet light into motion, eliminating the need for electronics or other mechanisms.
Predators can drive increase in virus populations, new study shows
A new study from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln found that predators can catalyze the rise and fall of chlorovirus populations by exposing algae to viruses. The research suggests that the structure of food webs in an ecosystem may influence viral propagation, with a potential game-changer for virology.
SourceUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateNov 10, 2016
Deep dive into NMDA receptor variation and link to epilepsy, ID
Researchers analyzed ExAC data to explore normal variation in NMDA receptors and its link to disease-causing mutations. For some patients, this information could guide anticonvulsant treatment with repurposed Alzheimer's medication.
Hunt for Huntington's cause yields clues
Researchers found that the length of repeating polyglutamine sequences contained in proteins is critical to the onset of disease, with aggregation beginning only when chains reach 36 repeats. The study sheds light on how mutations and protein structure influence disease severity.
Breakthrough in the quantum transfer of information between matter and light
Researchers have created a qubit in zinc selenide, enabling the transfer of quantum information at the speed of light. The new technique shows that it is possible to create a qubit faster than with all existing methods.
First random laser made of paper-based ceramics
A team led by Professor Cordt Zollfrank from the Technical University of Munich created the first controllable random laser based on cellulose paper. The laser uses a biogenic structure to scatter light in different directions, but can still be controlled and localized.
Scientists come up with light-driven motors to power nanorobots of the future
Researchers propose a nanosized dipole photomotor controlled by a laser, capable of directed motion at record speed. The device has potential applications across the natural sciences and medicine, including delivering drugs to diseased tissues.
SourceMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology·JournalThe Journal of Chemical Physics·DateNov 10, 2016
Human leprosy found in British red squirrels
Scientists have discovered human leprosy in British red squirrels, revealing a reservoir for ancient bacteria that drove outbreaks in medieval Europe. The study suggests that the disease may be working against efforts to eradicate it in humans.
Study: UChicago's CommunityRx intervention helps patients find community resources
The program, launched in 2012, has generated over 506,000 customized prescriptions for an estimated 200,000 or more patients. More than 83% of participants reported the personalized referrals were 'very useful.'
Study demonstrates potential support for ban on microbeads in cosmetics
A study by the University of Plymouth explores attitudes towards microplastic particles in cosmetics, revealing widespread surprise among participants. The research suggests that clear labelling could lead to positive consumer responses and broad support for a ban on microbeads in cosmetics.
Hazardous chemicals discovered in flavored e-cigarette vapor
A recent study discovered that flavored e-cigarette vapor contains hazardous levels of toxic aldehydes, including formaldehyde, which can cause cancer. The research highlights the need for further investigation into the effects of flavoring additives on e-liquid toxicity.
Woodland destruction by beetles is facilitated by their unique genetics
The study identified a suite of genes in the Asian long-horned beetle that aid digestion of woody plant material and detoxify plant chemicals. This research has established a genomic basis for the invasiveness of the species, providing potential tools for management of invasive wood-boring pests.
Two paths at once: Watching the buildup of quantum superpositions
Researchers observed the buildup of Fano resonances in a helium atom via two different paths simultaneously, allowing them to study the time evolution of these processes. This discovery enables precise control over quantum effects and opens up new possibilities for controlling chemical reactions.
Cosmic whistle packs a surprisingly energetic punch
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) emit non-radio emission, challenging models and suggesting severe consequences for host galaxies. The discovery of FRB 131104's gamma-ray counterpart opens possibilities for detecting long-lived counterparts using X-ray, optical, and radio telescopes.
Neanderthal inheritance helped humans adapt to life outside of Africa
Recent studies identify 126 places in human genomes where archaic DNA sequences exist at high frequencies, including regions related to skin and immunity. This inheritance helped humans adapt to new environments as they dispersed throughout the world.
Die another day: How the immune system keeps 'traitor cells' in lockdown
Researchers discovered that Immunoglobulin D (IgD) keeps 'traitor cells' in lockdown, preventing auto-antibodies from damaging body tissues. IgD promotes the formation of germinal centres, allowing these cells to target invaders when needed.
The Exascale Computing Project awards $34 million for software development
The Exascale Computing Project has awarded $34 million in software development funding to 35 research organizations, covering various components of the software stack for exascale systems. The funding aims to enable application developers to write highly parallel applications that can target diverse exascale architectures.
Higher iron levels are associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes in pregnant women, raising questions about iron supplementation recommendations
A study published in Diabetologia found that high iron biomarkers are linked to an increased risk of gestational diabetes in pregnant women. Higher iron stores may play a role in developing insulin resistance and oxidative stress, contributing to impaired insulin synthesis and secretion.
UCR researchers discover new method to dissipate heat in electronic devices
Researchers at UCR have discovered a way to control the flow of heat in electronic devices using semiconductor nanowires. By confining acoustic phonons to these nanostructures, they can alter their energy spectrum and improve thermal management.
Production of seedless fruits an underestimated tool for improving food security
Researchers from the University of Exeter found that parthenocarpy increases fruit quality and quantity in crops like apples and tomatoes, which traditionally rely on insect pollination. The study suggests this technique could improve food security by extending growing seasons and increasing crop resilience.
Testing stem cells as possible treatment for heart failure
Researchers are testing stem cell therapy to reprogram heart cells in patients with HFpEF, a condition causing severe disability and high mortality. The trial aims to improve treatment options for this growing epidemic, which disproportionately affects women and African-Americans.
Researchers at CHLA receive grant to study new way of battling resistant
Researchers at CHLA are developing a new treatment approach for patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by targeting the molecule integrin alpha4, which shelters leukemia cells from chemotherapy. The goal is to develop a novel inhibitor of this molecule for clinical use.
When fish come to school, kids get hooked on science
A new study published in PLOS Biology found that a program teaching biology through raising zebrafish from embryos improves students' knowledge of scientific concepts and their attitudes towards science. The program, BioEYES, was shown to be particularly effective in engaging underrepresented minorities.
The kids are alright: Youth are civically engaged, despite income inequality
A recent study by NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development found that youth are more civically engaged in unequal counties, with higher rates of volunteering and importance placed on helping others. This contradicts research among adults, which shows lower civic engagement in areas of greater income inequality.
Tests show BioEYES increases science understanding and positive attitudes
A five-year study found BioEYES significantly improves elementary, middle school, and high school students' science knowledge and positive attitudes towards science. The program increased students' ability to imagine themselves as scientists, with the greatest effect on attitude changes among younger students.
'Exceptional' nanosensor architecture based on exceptional points
Scientists created a nanosensor design that combines three-dimensional plasmonic nanoparticles with exceptional points, enabling enhanced sensitivity and smaller size. The new technology has the potential to revolutionize portable health monitoring and security applications.
Birth year dictates immunity to different flu strains
A new study reveals that an individual's birth year plays a crucial role in determining their susceptibility to specific flu strains. The research found that people born before and after 1968 have reduced risk of severe disease from novel strains within the same group.
Cone or flask? The shape that detects confinement
Researchers at SISSA have developed a theoretical framework to detect confinement in ferromagnetic systems by analyzing the shape of correlations between particles. The study suggests that a flask-shaped graph indicates confined particles, providing a promising tool for experimental verification.
Seroprevalence and disease burden of chagas disease in south Texas
A study published in PLOS Neglected Diseases reveals that Chagas disease has a significant presence in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas, affecting up to 30% of those infected with Trypanosoma cruzi developing fatal cardiomyopathy. The research estimates 4,600 people are currently infected and 1,300 at risk for cardiac disease.
iPad game effective in treating common eye condition in children
A new iPad game was shown to be more effective than traditional patching treatment in improving vision outcomes for children with amblyopia. After just two weeks of playtime, the game improved visual acuity by more than double that achieved with patching.
Molecular signature for aggressive brain tumor uncovered
Researchers identified genetic mutations that distinguish aggressive rhabdoid meningiomas from benign forms, suggesting a potential new approach for clinical decision-making. The study found patients with BAP1 mutations had poor clinical outcomes and shorter disease progression times.
Veterans served by nation's community health centers increased by 43 percent
The number of veterans served by community health centers has surged to over 305,000, up 43% in less than a decade. Most health centers now offer mental health services and substance abuse treatment, significantly improving care for this vulnerable population.
The self-driving microscope
Researchers developed an adaptive microscope that can analyze and optimize its settings in real-time, achieving five-fold improvements in resolution. This technology enables long-term imaging of entire embryos and has significant implications for high-throughput drug screens and biological modeling.
Environmental policy center to convene Great Lakes mayors
The Freshwater Lab, a University of Illinois Chicago-based environmental research and policy center, has been awarded grants to host a Great Lakes mayoral summit. The summit will bring together diverse Great Lakes mayors to collaborate on urban water priorities and build an alliance with the Midwest academic research community.
Getting doctors and nurses to work together at patient bedsides
A Penn State study found that a hospital-wide initiative increased bedside interprofessional rounds to 74% among patients. The factors associated with this shift included unit characteristics, staffing ratios, and nurses' perceptions of team collegiality.
Red squirrels stricken by medieval strain of leprosy, study shows
A DNA study has found that red squirrels on Brownsea Island are infected with the same species of bacteria responsible for human leprosy infections. The bacteria, Mycobacterium leprae, shares close similarities with a strain discovered in medieval Europe and is similar to a strain found in armadillos.
Johns Hopkins researcher advance treatment of tuberculosis by targeting new enzyme
Researchers have developed new compounds that target the LD-transpeptidase enzyme, which builds bacterial cell walls. In live bacterial cultures and mouse models, these carbapenems were shown to be effective against antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis-causing bacteria.
Splash-free urinals? Scientists investigate new 'splash avoidance' technique
Researchers at the University of Oxford have developed a simple solution to prevent splashback of harmful or unhygienic fluids, including using soft materials like silicone to create a barrier. The technique has potential applications in hospitals, kitchens, and even urinals to reduce the risk of disease transmission.
Childhood infections provide lifelong protection against flu viruses from animals
A new study found that exposure to influenza viruses during childhood gives people partial protection for life. The study's findings suggest that birth year may largely determine a person's risk for serious illness in an influenza pandemic, with certain age groups more susceptible to different strains of the flu.
$384,961.42 for a house? When precise bids work and when they backfire
Researchers found that precise bids are more effective with novice negotiators who interpret high precision as a sign of competence. However, experts prefer moderately precise bids, and providing a rationale for a highly precise bid can counteract the negative effect. The study's findings have broad relevance in everyday negotiations.
HIV test performed on USB stick
Scientists at Imperial College London have created a compact HIV test on a USB stick that can detect the virus in under 30 minutes. The device monitors viral levels to track treatment efficacy and prevent medication resistance.
The Lancet: Global progress on reducing child deaths largely due to fewer cases of pneumonia, diarrhoea, death during birth, malaria and measles
The study highlights progress in reducing child deaths globally, particularly from pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, and measles. However, progress on newborn deaths has been slower, resulting in an increase in newborn deaths as a proportion of total child deaths.
Plant-species hotspot maps identify priority conservation areas of tropical Africa
A new study by the University of Oxford has created a plant-species hotspot map for tropical Africa, identifying critical areas for global biodiversity conservation. The map reveals regions with high concentrations of globally rare plants, such as the Horn of Africa and south-east Democratic Republic of Congo.
Study uncovers link between constipation and kidney disease
Researchers have discovered a link between constipation and poor kidney health, suggesting that diagnosis and management of constipation may help prevent or treat kidney disease. Individuals with constipation had a 13% higher likelihood of developing chronic kidney disease and a 9% higher likelihood of developing kidney failure compare...
SourceAmerican Society of Nephrology·JournalJournal of the American Society of Nephrology·DateNov 10, 2016
Dinosaur discovery casts light on final flurry of animals' evolution
A well-preserved dinosaur fossil discovered in southern China provides valuable insights into the evolution of a family of feathered dinosaurs before the mass extinction event. The discovery, named Tongtianlong limosus, sheds light on how these creatures diversified and flourished just before their extinction.
How ACOs are trying to improve patients' health by addressing nonmedical needs
According to a new Dartmouth Institute study, 16 of 32 ACOs addressed patients' nonmedical needs. ACOs are creating financial incentives for providers to improve outcomes and lower costs. The study found that addressing these needs can lead to reduced medical costs and improved quality of care.
SourceThe Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice·JournalHealth Affairs·DateNov 10, 2016
Cannabinoids induce memory loss through the decrease in energy of the neurons
Researchers found that cannabinoids inhibit neurotransmitter release and reduce mitochondrial energy, leading to memory loss. The study suggests a new therapeutic approach by targeting specific CB1 receptors in the brain.
IUPUI maps genome of black blow fly; may benefit human health, advance pest management
The black blow fly genome sequencing project provides a major resource for researchers studying unusual or dangerous insects. The study may benefit human health by advancing wound care and estimating postmortem interval, while also improving pest management through better understanding of insecticide sensitivity and resistance.
SourceIndiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis School of Science·JournalBMC Genomics·DateNov 10, 2016
Patients eager to test device that could ease heart failure symptoms
A clinical trial is testing a new device that could ease heart failure symptoms in patients with preserved ejection fraction. The Corvia Medical InterAtrial Shunt Device makes a small hole to redistribute blood and reduce pressure, allowing patients like Jimmy McMillan to breathe better and live more comfortably.
Water, water -- the two types of liquid water
Scientists have discovered that water exhibits two distinct states at a temperature range of 40-60 degrees Celsius, which affects its physical properties and behavior. This finding could lead to breakthroughs in understanding protein folding and disease mechanisms related to Alzheimer's and CJD.
Fatty liver disease contributes to cardiovascular disease and vice versa
Research reveals a strong connection between fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease, with individuals with fatty liver at higher risk of developing high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
Making the most of clean energy
A Lehigh University researcher is developing business models to integrate clean energy into the grid, enabling seamless trading of surplus power among consumers and suppliers. This innovation has the potential to drastically reduce reliance on fossil fuels and associated environmental harm.
Brain scans could help predict response to psychotherapy for anxiety and depression
Research found promising initial evidence that specific neuroimaging markers can help predict the response to psychotherapy in patients with depression or anxiety. Neuroimaging markers such as activity in the amygdala, anterior insula, and anterior cingulate cortex may indicate which patients are more likely to benefit from psychotherapy.
Scientists have 'scared away' microparticles with laser light
Researchers have developed a method to manipulate microparticles using laser light, creating fast waterflows that allow for efficient surface cleaning without damaging the material. The technique also enables the assembly of micro- and nanoparticle patterns at solid-liquid interfaces with high precision.
Molecular structure in Zika virus leads to potentially disease-causing RNAs
Scientists have found that the Zika virus uses a complex molecular process to produce disease-causing small RNAs. The researchers used x-ray crystallography to understand the structure of these RNA segments, which interact with and block cellular enzymes.
NASA sees heavy rain in Tropical Depression Ma-on
Tropical cyclones have formed frequently in the Western Pacific since July 2016, with 36 named storms emerging in under five months. NASA’s Global Precipitation Measurement mission observed Tropical Depression Ma-on forming on November 10, 2016, with heavy showers and strong convective storms.
Insect vector feeding recognized by machine learning
Scientists have developed machine learning algorithms to recognize insect feeding patterns causing devastating damage worldwide, including citrus greening through probing on host tissues. The technology enables rapid screening and disruption of pathogen transmission, benefiting agriculture, livestock, and human health.
Probiotics improve cognition in Alzheimer's patients
A daily dose of probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria taken over 12 weeks significantly improved the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in Alzheimer's patients, indicating a moderate but significant improvement in cognitive function. This is the first study to show that probiotics can benefit human cognition.
Simulations show swirling rings, whirlpool-like structure in subatomic 'soup'
Researchers have recreated the universe's origins and nature of matter by simulating high-energy nuclear collisions. The simulations show that the quark-gluon plasma exhibits a twisting, whirlpool-like structure, with swirling rings and vortices that can be measured experimentally.