A new study found Hispanic males are twice as likely to have fatal interactions with the police in areas with high Hispanic populations and agencies with more Hispanic officers. The research suggests reforms within police ranks are needed, even in diverse forces.
Researchers found that machine learning can identify customer needs from user-generated content (UGC) more accurately and efficiently than traditional methods. The approach uses machine learning to analyze UGC data and remove redundancies, followed by human analysis to formulate customer needs.
Studies presented at the Crohn's & Colitis Congress highlight advancements in treatments for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including JAK inhibitors and biologics targeting immune cell trafficking. These therapies show promise for effective and safe oral therapeutic options for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis.
Researchers have visualized meteorite components at unprecedented resolution using atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy. This breakthrough enables the analysis of organic matter distributions and associations with minerals in carbonaceous chondrites, crucial for understanding the formation of life and Solar System history.
Researchers found that removing 70% or more of the blood via minimally invasive surgery can lead to better functional outcomes and milder disability one year later. The study also suggests that the amount of residual blood left at the end of treatment plays a crucial role in determining the success of the procedure.
Neuroscientists have identified the brain's preparation for complex actions, including speech, handwriting, sports, and music, by analyzing tiny magnetic fields outside participants' heads. This research reveals unique patterns that distinguish skilled from error-prone executions.
Researchers at Cornell University found that mosquitoes can detect sound waves from distances of up to 10 meters, including human speech and the buzzing of female mosquitoes in flight. This discovery could lead to the development of more sensitive directional microphones and hearing aids.
Researchers found that walnut consumers had lower depression scores and experienced greater energy levels, concentration, and optimism compared to non-consumers. Walnut's unique fatty acid profile was also associated with the benefits.
Pembrolizumab, a new immunotherapy drug, shows lasting tumor control and improved overall survival in advanced Merkel cell carcinoma patients. The study reports generally manageable side effects and supports the use of immunotherapy as an effective treatment option for this aggressive form of skin cancer.
Researchers at Xiamen University have created a device that enables the direct detection and mapping of chemicals inside biological cells. This breakthrough technique, called near-field desorption postionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (NDPI-TOFMS), overcomes challenges in high-resolution imaging and provides undistorted chemi...
A team of researchers has developed a strategy to produce renewable lubricant base oils from non-food biomass and fatty acids, offering a more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional lubricants. The new method uses catalysis to synthesize the base-oils with tunable properties, making them suitable for a wide r...
Researchers developed a blood test to diagnose autism and applied a big data-based approach to evaluate potential treatments. They used machine-learning algorithms to analyze complex data sets, revealing correlations between metabolite concentrations and changes in behavior.
A study analyzing 24,000 Canadian grant applications reveals that women are less successful in receiving funding when reviewers focus on the calibre of the applicant rather than the strength of the science. The gender gap is more pronounced when evaluating leadership and expertise as principal investigators.
A new study found that removing at least 70% of the intracerebral clot is crucial for patients to make a meaningful recovery after a brain hemorrhage. The research, known as MISTIE III, involved 506 patients and showed that ideal outcomes were achieved when no more than 15 milliliters of clotted blood remained at the site of injury.
Researchers at the University of Groningen have produced devices with stable Germanene, revealing its electronic properties. The material exhibits insulating, semiconducting, and metallic conducting behavior depending on heat treatment, making it suitable for spintronic device applications.
Researchers at IDIBELL have developed Nested CRISPR, a cloning-free method for genome editing using long DNA fragments. The technique involves two steps: inserting a small portion of the fragment into the genome and then using it as a
Research reveals how gut bacteria influence drug response and effectiveness through metabolization processes. The study provides a new framework to disentangle host and microbiome interactions, enabling the development of tailored medications.
Researchers have identified a crucial role for the folliculin gene in embryo implantation. A deficiency in this gene can lead to infertility, as cells maintain their pluripotent state and fail to exit the pre-implantation stage. The study also highlights a connection between folliculin mutations and cancer, as well as its potential to ...
Researchers at Caltech have developed two new methods to determine T cell targets, which are critical for designing personalized treatments for cancers. The methods use a signaling domain attached to MHCs or trogocytosis to identify the correct antigen.
A study of 15 highest-ranked social sciences and public health universities reveals persistent gender disparities in senior positions, with women concentrated in junior roles. Ethnic minority representation also lags behind, with women of color severely underrepresented in senior positions.
Researchers have successfully generated functional, transplantable B cells from mice using mouse embryonic stem cells. The study demonstrates that these cells can secrete natural antibodies and maintain themselves for over six months after transplantation.
A new intervention has successfully encouraged couples in a rural South African area to undergo HIV testing. The Uthando Lwethu program improved communication skills and relationship dynamics, leading to higher HIV-testing rates compared to a control group.
Researchers found that intensive blood pressure lowering reduces the risk of bleeding in the brain after 'clot-busting' treatments for acute ischaemic stroke, making thrombolysis safer. However, this didn't translate to improved overall outcomes for patients.
The Zwicky Transient Facility has discovered over 1,100 supernovae and 50 near-Earth asteroids in its first operations. The facility's advanced camera surveys the northern skies every three nights, capturing fleeting cosmic events previously impossible to detect.
The ESSENTIALS project aims to develop robust entomological indicators for assessing the public health value of new vector control tools, reducing the need for lengthy trials.
Researchers have created an oral formulation of insulin using a pill-sized device that can deliver a microinjection from within the stomach. The device, called SOMA, uses a spring and sugar disc to trigger the injection, and has shown promising results in animal trials with a marked decrease in blood glucose levels.
A new study published in Science found that people with prior dengue infections have lower risks of contracting Zika. The research, conducted in a poor neighborhood in Brazil, suggests that cross-protective antibodies from dengue may provide protection against Zika.
A new study found that people with time-shift TV watched slightly more TV overall than before having the technology. They also did not watch fewer advertisements and instead used the feature to watch popular programs more frequently.
Researchers at Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center found that immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors are both safe and effective in treating advanced cancer patients with HIV. The therapy offers similar objective response rates as non-infected patients, with benefit also seen in Kaposi's sarcoma treatment.
A session at the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting explores how blockchain can improve the scientific method by promoting reproducibility and transparency. Researchers will discuss the potential benefits of pre-registering hypotheses and posting data on a public Blockchain.
A study by Oregon State University found that extreme draining of Fall Creek Reservoir helps juvenile spring chinook salmon migrate downstream, but also changes the aquatic food web and releases potential predators. The effects on the entire river system are uncertain, but the impacts for juvenile salmon are twofold.
A study by the University of Helsinki found that insufficient sleep is associated with changes in DNA methylation in gene regulatory elements related to the nervous system development pathway. This indicates a potential link between chronic sleep deprivation and long-term health risks.
A large international clinical trial found that intensive blood pressure lowering safely reduces the risk of brain bleeding in ischemic stroke patients being treated with clot-busting drugs, but did not improve post-stroke recovery. The study also showed no harm identified for intensive blood pressure management.
Researchers found that omega-3 fatty acids can prevent pregnancy complications, including preterm birth and stillbirth, in mice infected with a common oral bacteria. The study suggests a new strategy for protecting pregnancy in women and may lead to the development of a prophylactic treatment.
Soil erosion has a profound impact on traditional farming landscapes in developing countries, but an interdisciplinary approach is necessary to address the issue. The study highlights the importance of engaging local communities in finding solutions and overcoming cultural and political barriers.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have successfully applied their big data-based approach to evaluating possible treatments for autism. The findings have the potential to accelerate the development of successful medical interventions by analyzing correlations between metabolite concentrations and adaptive behavior.
Researchers found blood cells retain intrinsic age nearly two decades after transplant, using epigenetic patterns to calculate cellular age. The study suggests blood cells could be the master clock of human aging, with implications for understanding age-associated diseases and developing new therapies.
A new fossil discovery reveals the earliest known passerine bird with a finch-like beak, which suggests a diet of small hard seeds. The bird, Eofringillirostrum boudreauxi, lived in what is now Wyoming during the Early Eocene period.
A new study published in Science reveals that acetylcholine plays a critical role in combating chronic viral infections. Dr. Kevin J. Tracey and his team discovered that immune cells need acetylcholine to fight viral infections, providing a crucial new insight into bioelectronic medicine.
MIT researchers found that excessive protein production leads to senescence and cell division impairment when cells grow too large. They discovered the limiting factor in cell growth is DNA amount, not chromosome number.
A new study found that grandmothers can increase toddlers' survival by nearly 30% due to their prolonged longevity. However, older or frail paternal grandmothers are detrimental to grandchild survival. The study suggests that healthy ageing is crucial for multiple benefits.
A new machine-learning framework distinguishes between low- and high-risk prostate cancer with higher precision than existing tools. The framework aims to provide radiologists and clinicians with a sound prediction tool for personalized patient care.
A new study published in GSA Today reveals that Hurricane Maria triggered more than 40,000 landslides in at least three-fourths of Puerto Rico's municipalities. The study assesses the factors contributing to these extreme events and aims to enhance landslide susceptibility analyses and risk management efforts.
The new SimVis visual simulator, developed by CSIC researchers, enables patients to experiment how their vision will improve before surgery. The technology offers a realistic experience and can be wirelessly controlled via mobile application or tablet.
Researchers used a Random Forest algorithm to model the spread of invasive alien tree Prosopis juliflora in eastern Ethiopia, revealing an area equivalent to half of neighboring Djibouti was invaded in just 35 years. The study suggests that river courses and road networks are key drivers of its invasion.
A study led by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab is more effective than traditional chemotherapy for patients with aggressive Merkel cell carcinoma. The treatment showed high response rates and durable progression-free survival in both virus-positive and virus-negative subtypes.
A study at Flamingo Land zoo in the UK found that puppet theatre performances increased knowledge of animals and conservation among children and adults by 22% and 18%, respectively. The research suggests that conventional zoos can achieve similar levels of learning through entertainment-driven settings.
A Michigan State University scientist highlights current research driven by Mendeleev's Periodic Table, focusing on light absorption and electron transfer in compounds from the transition block. The goal is to develop abundant elements for global scalability in solar energy production.
A study of 9,838 LGBTQ teens found that 44-70% reported weight-based teasing from family members and peers, while 1 in 4 teens experienced these experiences at school. The study highlights the need for increased awareness and addressing weight-based victimization in school settings.
Researchers found that prior dengue virus immunity reduces risk of Zika infection and severity of symptoms in a Brazilian favela study. Nearly 73% of community residents were infected with ZIKV during the outbreak.
Researchers at New York University have discovered a new type of magnet that exhibits unique properties, including sudden transitions and strong coupling with electric currents. This discovery has the potential to enhance data storage technologies and improve performance bottlenecks.
Researchers detail sticky situations at the nanoscale, finding that miniscule differences in surface roughness can cause significant changes in adhesion. Their theory predicts an increase in interface toughness as roughness increases, with potential applications in micro-electro-mechanical systems and nanoscale patterning.
Researchers identified compounds that can reduce mosquito hunger for blood, acting on hormone pathways. The study used Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and found a drug capable of inhibiting biting and feeding behaviors.
A novel synthetic DNA vaccine targeting the Mayaro virus envelope protein provides complete protection from disease in preclinical studies. The vaccine induces potent protective and virus-specific immune responses, including neutralizing antibodies and cellular responses.
A new reversal agent, andexanet alfa, effectively stopped acute life-threatening bleeding in patients taking factor Xa inhibitor blood thinners. Researchers found that good or excellent hemostasis occurred in 81.7% of patients after administering the reversal agent.
A clinical trial, REACH, is examining the safety and use of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and a vaginal ring in adolescent girls and young women in southern Africa. The study aims to expand HIV prevention choices for this disproportionately affected population.
Perovskite-based solar cells have shown promise in recent years due to their simplicity, flexibility, and energy efficiency approaching those of traditional silicon-based cells. Researchers at Georgia Tech, UC San Diego, and MIT have reported new findings that could lead to devices with improved performance and longer lifetimes.
A new analysis of over 11.5 million medical papers found that almost three-quarters do not report outcomes for men and women. Female authors are more likely to report on sex-differences, highlighting the importance of diversity in research and the scientific workforce.
Researchers tested cleaner wrasse for self-awareness using a mirror test, finding that fish respond to their reflection and attempt to remove marks. The study raises questions about how to assess animal intelligence and challenges previous assumptions about self-awareness in non-human animals.
Researchers discovered that cancer cells growing in lymph nodes prefer to use fatty acids rather than glucose as an energy source. The metabolic adaptation was found to be triggered by the activation of yes-associated protein (YAP), which stimulates fatty acid oxidation in metastatic tumor cells.