Japanese researchers developed a simulation technique that accurately predicts the microstructure of Nickel-Aluminum alloys used in jet engine turbine parts. The method uses first-principle phase field calculations to overcome time-consuming and expensive experimental procedures.
A review of 33 years' worth of medical studies reveals key areas for new research to explore. The study found that only a few hundred studies have been published on the topic, many with methodological flaws. Experts recommend more research on larger samples, school- and family-level risk factors, and protective factors.
A $21 million national study will test three evidence-based treatments for chronic low back pain in a 20-site trial. The Sequential and Comparative Evaluation of Pain Treatment Effectiveness Response (SCEPTER) trial aims to find the best approach to manage chronic low back pain, with implications for the general population.
Researchers at Kanazawa University have identified catalysts that facilitate the photolysis of cyclopropenones under visible-light conditions. This novel method yields highly reactive alkynes without UV light dependence, making it a valuable alternative for industrial applications.
A new study explores genetic roots of 26 populations from diverse regions and cultures of western South America and Mexico, revealing long-distance connections between speakers of the same language. Genetic analysis also found a distinct ancestry component in Amazonia present at high frequency in populations from Ecuador and Colombia.
Researchers identified a specific type of T-cell that drives the production of high-affinity IgE antibodies associated with severe allergic reactions. This discovery suggests a potential target for new therapies to prevent or treat allergic diseases, including anaphylaxis.
A new study by Duke and Northeastern universities reveals that sustained police efforts lead to higher arrest rates for gun murders compared to nonfatal shootings. The researchers found that persistence in investigating fatal cases results in more arrests due to increased resources and cooperation from witnesses.
The study found that individuals are more likely to cheat due to their personal propensity rather than external factors. In the experiment, participants showed no significant change in cheating behavior during periods of scarcity or abundance.
A team of international researchers has discovered the energy production mechanism of cancerous cells, which drives tumor growth. The study found that cancer cells use Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP) to fuel nucleolus expansion and protein synthesis.
Jyoti Katoch, a condensed matter physicist at Carnegie Mellon University, has received a prestigious early career grant from the US Department of Energy to investigate quantum materials. The grant will enable her research group to explore the electronic and physical properties of 2D materials using advanced technologies.
Researchers found that even low levels of traffic-related air pollution can cause inflammation and mitochondrial damage in the lungs of mice. The study's results suggest that people living alongside major traffic corridors should be aware of potential respiratory health risks.
Researchers found that twisted bilayer graphene's moiré pattern creates a state where electrons organize into stripes, leading to robust properties. The discovery provides new evidence for the link between graphene and high-temperature superconductors.
A new study uses ancient plankton fossils to infer temperature data from the Pliocene era, a geological epoch with CO2 levels similar to today's. The findings resolve discrepancies between climate models and other proxy temperature measurements, showing that the Pliocene is a good analog for future climate predictions.
Researchers found that bats can distinguish insect from leaf by approaching at optimal angles, exploiting echo reflection on leaves. The study has implications for predator-prey interactions and echolocation.
A Northwestern University study found that police officers who had colleagues previously named in use-of-force complaints were more likely to be named in subsequent complaints. The researchers recommend police departments consider the impact of assigning officers with histories of using excessive force on other officers' behavior.
Scientists have developed an experimental treatment using antisense oligonucleotides that slows the progression of scrapie, a degenerative central nervous disease caused by prions, in laboratory mice. Mice treated with the treatment lived 81% longer than untreated mice, with median survival times of up to 250 days.
A new study finds that human trafficking victims often distrust the police due to inadequate training and biases. Victims are reluctant to provide details about their crimes, leading to reduced effectiveness in detecting and preventing crime.
Researchers have discovered a novel epigenetic regulation mechanism that improves DNA damage response in plants, enabling them to withstand environmental stresses. The study reveals the role of histone demethylase LDL1 in suppressing RAD54's interaction with chromatin at damaged sites.
The Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory has developed dynamic vision sensors that can interpret live information in real-time, revolutionizing robotics and autonomous vehicle sensing. Additionally, researchers are using additive manufacturing techniques to unlock new potential in tungsten for fusion energy, while also ...
Researchers found that meth-positive patients suffered worse injuries and longer hospital stays, but were more likely to leave against medical advice. The study suggests a need for additional resources and support for these patients to ensure successful recovery.
Researchers found that amino acids linked up spontaneously into neat segments under conditions mimicking pre-life Earth. The preference for biological amino acids over non-biological counterparts suggests that early life may have selected a subset of building blocks based on their chemical properties.
Researchers used a novel super-resolution microscopy technique to directly observe depletion layers in polymer solutions flowing through microchannels. The study found that changes to the depletion layer dimension occurred at unexpectedly low flow rates, and hydrodynamic lift forces played a key role in this phenomenon.
A Berkeley Lab-led team used quantum annealing to solve a tough math problem that stumps even the world's most powerful supercomputers. The algorithm can evaluate multiple variables simultaneously and return the correct solution, potentially revolutionizing fields like systems engineering and operations research.
A newly discovered ancient star contains a record-low amount of iron, hinting at the nature of the first stars in the Universe. The ultra-metal-poor red giant star has iron levels 1.5 million times lower than that of the Sun.
A team of researchers has identified dozens of genetic mutations linked to rare eye and skin disorders in knockout mice. These discoveries may help clinicians identify equivalent genes in human patients with no known genetic cause.
A study of 18,424 Han Chinese adults found that regular jogging and other exercises like mountain climbing and yoga reduce BMI in individuals predisposed to obesity. These findings suggest that genetics are not destiny and that exercise can help mitigate genetic effects on obesity.
A new study finds that US water management systems use outdated design guidelines, leading to more frequent and severe flooding. The researchers analyzed data from over 900 weather stations and found that extreme rainstorms are happening 85% more often in the eastern US than in 1950.
A recent study has found that intense fish harvesting can cause rapid evolutionary changes, including changes in growth rates and maturity. The research, published in Science, used genomic data to analyze the effects of fishing on Atlantic silverside populations.
Researchers tested yellow-lens night-driving glasses using a driving simulator to assess their impact on detecting pedestrians and reducing headlight glare. The study found mixed results, with some glasses showing promise in reducing glare, but no significant improvement in visibility.
Researchers discovered that adding an organic solvent to common water-based turbulent heat exchange systems can boost their capacity to move heat by 500%. This approach achieves 10 times more improvement than other methods, revolutionizing heat exchange in HVAC and large-scale applications. The additive is non-corrosive, non-flammable,...
A new vaccine candidate, DS-Cav1, has shown promising results in a Phase 1 human clinical trial, eliciting large increases in RSV-neutralizing antibodies that were sustained for several months. The vaccine's structure-based design approach aims to overcome the challenges of traditional methods in creating an RSV vaccine.
Researchers investigated the financial and environmental impact of unused pharmaceuticals in cataract surgery, revealing substantial economic and ecological consequences. The study's findings emphasize the importance of implementing effective waste management practices to minimize these effects.
A massive study involving 17,606 participants has identified rare genetic variations associated with a higher risk of epilepsy. The research found that both severe and less severe forms of the disease share similar genetic features, paving the way for more targeted treatments.
The study reveals that Tau controls Fyn nanoclustering in dendrites, leading to altered nerve signals and synapse dysfunction. Single molecule imaging provides unprecedented insights into the organisation of key proteins in living brain cells.
Researchers have charted the Milky Way in three dimensions using thousands of pulsating stars, revealing a warped and twisted stellar disc. The new map provides a broad view of our place among the stars and constrains the previously observed shape of the Galaxy's disk.
Robert Coridan will focus on designing scalable nanostructures to increase light absorption efficiency in chemical reactions. The goal is to mimic photosynthesis and convert sunlight into chemical fuels.
Researchers found that mature AML cells can become immature again, challenging traditional therapeutic strategies. This discovery highlights the need to eradicate all tumour cells, regardless of maturation state.
The OUtMATCH study will test the ability of omalizumab to increase tolerance to peanut and other food allergens in children and adults. The trial aims to enroll 225 participants with a history of multiple food allergies, assessing whether biweekly or monthly injections of omalizumab can prevent allergic reactions.
Researchers at Chiba University successfully recreated the metabolic evolution of plants producing alkaloids by inserting a gene into a model plant. This method identifies newly generated substances, including cadaverine, 5-aminopentanal, and δ-valerolactam, which can be used to produce new compounds for drug industries.
A recent study by Cardiff University and others found that Welsh rivers in urban locations have damaged food chains and fewer species of invertebrates compared to rural rivers. Persistent industrial pollutants like PCBs and PBDEs may be responsible for these effects, persisting despite being phased out.
A study of 21 macaque monkeys found that primary and secondary infections with Zika virus did not amplify symptoms, contradicting previous tissue culture and mouse findings. The study suggests that combining a Zika vaccine with a dengue vaccine may be necessary to prevent enhancement of either virus.
A University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science-led research cruise is exploring the marine carbon cycle in the deep Atlantic Ocean. Scientists are analyzing bacterial diversity and function to better understand how cyanobacteria contribute to the process.
A new program aims to engage children in conversations about science through cooking, addressing food insecurity and filling the 'shallow end of the science pool'. The National Science Foundation has awarded $1.3 million to Kent State University researchers for their project.
Researchers discovered T follicular helper cells in blood can reveal immune system events in distant parts of the body. The 'periscope' approach enables a snapshot of whole-body immunity from blood samples, paving the way for personalized treatment plans.
Scientists at the University of Vienna have developed a method to produce ultradense arrays of magnetic quanta in high-temperature superconductors, inspired by traditional Japanese basket weaving art. The research uses a helium-ion microscope to create complex periodic arrangements with dense defect structures, which can be used to stu...
Decades-old frozen fish reveal roots of rapid evolutionary adaptation to human-induced environmental change. Genomic analysis shows that multiple genetic pathways can lead to similar traits, supporting the idea of diverse evolutionary paths.
Satellite imagery shows Tropical Storm Flossie maintaining its structure with little change from July 31 to August 1. The storm is expected to cross into the central Pacific basin late Friday or early Saturday and begin slowly weakening on Saturday.
Researchers used supercomputing and nano-imaging to reveal how a 'lignin-first' approach can facilitate the efficient breakdown of plant biomass. The study found that pretreating plant biomass with specific co-solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran and water, can help break down lignin and increase enzyme access to cellulose.
A new study has found that psychological stress was associated with a higher risk of cancer-specific mortality in women diagnosed with cervical cancer. Patients who experienced stress-related disorders or stressful life events were 33% more likely to die from the disease compared to those who did not report stress.
A study of over 1.4 million military veterans found that those with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are more likely to die by suicide, with a significant increase in firearm use as a means of suicide. The researchers emphasize the importance of screening for lifetime history of TBI to prevent future deaths by suicide.
A novel catalysis system reduces carbon dioxide to methane in a single step, eliminating intermediate steps. The system uses copper and nanostructured silver surfaces, yielding higher methane concentrations than copper-only systems.
A team of researchers from Carnegie Mellon University has developed a new technique to 3D bioprint tissue scaffolds out of collagen, allowing them to overcome challenges associated with existing methods and achieve unprecedented resolution and fidelity. The technique, known as Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH...
A new study has established the strongest evidence yet of a causal relationship between obesity and various serious conditions. The research analyzed data from the UK Biobank to assess associations between body mass index (BMI) and disease outcomes in 337,536 people.
A UC researcher has received a $1.9 million grant to study the sexual reproduction cycle of Pneumocystis pneumonia, a pathogen that causes lung infections in immunocompromised patients. Testing echinocandins as a potential therapy could block transmission of the pathogen.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University developed a model for generating story endings that are both relevant and diverse. The algorithm incorporates key words from the early part of the story and rewards rare word usage to create interesting endings.
A new imaging system cancels chromatic optical aberrations in individual eyes, allowing for precise assessment of vision and eye health. The technology provides the first objective measurement of longitudinal chromatic aberrations (LCA), which could lead to insights into visual halos, glare, and color perception.
Carnegie Mellon researchers create functional heart components using FRESH technology, which enables bioprinting of complex tissues and organs. The breakthrough overcomes a major printing obstacle, allowing for high-fidelity structures and dynamic biological materials.
Astronomers observe WASP-121b, a scorching hot exoplanet losing its atmosphere and emitting heavy metals like iron and magnesium. The planet's extreme conditions make it an ideal target for studying the physics of ultra-hot Jupiters.
A team of engineers at Lehigh University has successfully created a catalyst that uses sunlight to split water molecules, producing hydrogen. This process is performed at room temperature and under ambient pressure, making it a promising route towards a renewable energy-based economy.
A contagious canine cancer has been found to have originated around 6,000 years ago in Asia and spread globally through maritime activities. The cancer's evolution has revealed unique signatures left by carcinogens, including exposure to UV light, which is also linked to human cancers.