Researchers found that marine species are moving up to six times faster than their terrestrial counterparts in response to global warming. The study analyzed over 12,000 species and found that certain conditions enable marine species to adapt quickly to temperature shifts towards the poles.
Researchers at Lund University have created a new model that mimics the early developmental stages of the human brain, allowing them to study how different regions form and potentially produce specific neural cells for treatment. The model, called MiSTR, enables faster production of neural cells for neurological diseases.
Researchers have visualized the single-molecule level operation of cellulosomes during cellulose degradation using time-lapse atomic force microscopy. This breakthrough provides new perspectives for applications in industrial biorefineries by exploiting the synergies between cellulosome and free enzymes.
MetaviralSPAdes is a new assembler for virus genomes, enabling biologists to reconstruct complete viral genomes from metagenome sequencing results. This tool tackles the challenge of identifying and stitching together viral sequences from thousands of bacterial genomes.
A diffractive neural network, implemented by a compound Huygens' metasurface, realizes all seven basic optical logic operations in a compact system using a plane wave as input signal. The design strategy features flexible modification and eliminates the need for precise control of input light.
Researchers analyzed sea-surface temperatures and planktonic foraminifer shells to determine that tropical ocean biodiversity started declining around 15,000 years ago, before the Anthropocene era. Continued global warming may further reduce biodiversity in tropical oceans.
Researchers developed a novel two-dimensional titanium carbide MXene film serving as an efficient flexible electrode for light-emitting diodes. The MXene-based LEDs exhibit high efficiency and flexibility, surpassing conventional indium tin oxide-based devices.
Scientists at Osaka University have successfully demonstrated a quantum random walk using trapped ions, which may lead to new quantum simulations of biological systems. The technique relies on precise control of individual ions and can help resolve open questions in chemistry and biology.
Brazilian pulmonologist Dr. Elnara Negri argues that COVID-19 should be treated as a thrombotic disease, citing the use of anti-coagulant drug heparin to improve patient outcomes. She reports a successful treatment protocol with 80 patients, with none dying and four in ICU.
Researchers have identified Creld2 as a key player in the development and growth of aggressive breast cancers. High levels of this protein are found in triple negative breast cancers, which have poor survival rates and are difficult to treat.
Astronomers have captured an image of a super-rare type of galaxy with a 'ring of fire' structure, existing 11 billion years ago. This discovery is expected to shake up theories about the earliest formation of galactic structures and how they evolve.
Pensoft has launched a pilot phase with its open-access journal Biodiversity Data Journal, certifying reviewers' contributions via ReviewerCredits. Reviewers can now record their peer reviews and earn virtual credits redeemable for benefits, including discounted APCs.
A recent Danish study found that having a child with cancer does not increase the risk of parents experiencing separation or divorce. The researchers also discovered that children with cancer do not negatively impact parents' future family planning decisions.
Scientists at KIT have developed a programmable biohybrid material system that uses bacteria to generate power. The system consists of a nanocomposite and the Shewanella oneidensis bacterium, which produces electrons. The team achieved controlled electron flow with increasing bacterial cells on the conductive matrix.
A study by the University of Bonn shows that smartphone-based fundus imaging can detect diabetic retinopathy with high accuracy, even in early stages. The method allows for efficient screening and diagnosis, enabling trained laypersons to examine patients, reducing hospital visits.
Researchers design an experiment to demonstrate chirality-dependent optical lateral force on microparticles, achieving robust bidirectional sorting and reversible optical lateral forces. The study opens new avenues for direct detection and sorting of microparticles with imperceptible chemical differences.
Researchers at Skoltech and MIPT predicted and experimentally confirmed the existence of exotic hexagonal NaCl thin films on a diamond surface. The films may be useful as gate dielectrics for field-effect transistors in electric vehicles and telecommunication equipment.
A natural amino acid called arginine has been identified as a potential new treatment for polyglutamine diseases. The study found that arginine improved neurological symptoms in mice with polyQ diseases before and after symptom onset, suggesting its therapeutic potential.
Researchers found concern for others was a key driver of polio vaccination in Israel during a polio resurgence. Understanding the campaign's prosocial nature influenced vaccination behavior, highlighting the role of communication in improving outcomes.
A new species of miniaturized stump-toed frog, Stumpffia froschaueri, has been discovered in Madagascar and classified as Critically Endangered due to habitat loss and fragmentation. The species is found only in areas with relatively undisturbed forest, where it has been observed during the day.
Researchers at the University of Ottawa have discovered a new sex hormone in zebrafish that regulates sexual behavior and reproduction. The hormone, secretoneurin peptide, was found to restore sexual function in genetically modified fish by increasing hormone release and enhancing ovulation.
A study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that cloth masks can block droplet and aerosol contamination, reducing the risk of COVID-19 transmission. The researchers recommend using multiple layers of cotton cloth for maximum protection.
Researchers used drones to create centimeter-resolution 3D models of a volcano in Guatemala, revealing slow expansion and fast extrusion of viscous lava. The study provides new possibilities for measuring ground movements and predicting volcanic danger.
Two plasma and 10 cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers were identified to aid in early detection of MS with high sensitivity and specificity. These biomarkers may help monitor treatment response and disease progression.
Scientists have developed a new scheme to generate near-single-cycle mid-infrared pulses in plasmas, achieving conversion efficiencies of up to 30%. The method uses two terawatt-level short-pulse lasers incident into an underdense plasma channel, producing a tunable mid-infrared pulse with millijoules of energy.
Researchers analyzed global shipping fleet movements between 1977 and 2008 to understand how routes evolve. A model based on common neighbor ports and sea distance predicts the likelihood of forming direct links between unlinked ports.
The study found that global mean climate velocities in the deepest ocean layers have been 2-4 times faster than at surface over the past 20th century. Climate velocities are projected to continue accelerating even under strong greenhouse gas emission mitigation scenarios, posing significant threats to deep sea biodiversity.
Researchers proposed a new scheme to generate near-single-cycle mid-infrared light pulses with a few millijoules in energy, achieving a high conversion efficiency of 30%. The method utilizes two terawatt-level short-pulse lasers and an underdense plasma channel.
An international team of scientists has identified candidate resistance genes that could protect ash trees from the EAB, a deadly pest expected to kill billions of trees. Researchers sequenced the genomes of 22 species of ash tree and found 53 candidate resistance genes involved in making chemicals harmful to insects.
Research found that most people at high risk of overdose in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside who use cannabis do so for pain relief and other therapeutic reasons. Cannabis users in this group had lower odds of experiencing a recent non-fatal opioid overdose, indicating a possible reduction in opioid reliance.
A single negative high-quality screening colonoscopy was associated with reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. The study found a 90% reduction in CRC mortality over 17.4 years, suggesting that the current 10-year screening interval could safely be extended.
Researchers found Oriental tit birds give distinct alarm calls to snakes and chipmunks, warning nestlings of snake threat but not chipmunk danger. The study suggests a specific call signals 'be aware of a snake' rather than general predator alert.
Disruption of hippocampal activity with TMS impairs future imagining and creative thinking abilities in young adults. Reduced activity in the hippocampus is linked to decreased future imagining and divergent thinking.
Scientists have developed a new type of laser that can deliver high amounts of energy in very short bursts, making it ideal for corneal surgery. The research uses quartic solitons to produce short, powerful light pulses without heating and damaging the surface.
Researchers have developed a visible-wavelength passively mode-locked all-fibre laser, generating picosecond pulses at 635 nm. The laser has a tunable duration and a narrow spectral bandwidth, opening up new possibilities for applications in optical communications, biomedicine, material processing, and scientific research.
Researchers analyzed 155 COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, finding that over 50% of critically ill patients died due to multiple organ dysfunction and severe complications. The study highlights the importance of early intervention, including timely nutrition support and antibiotic treatment for bacterial co-infections.
A study found that revegetated urban green spaces have more native plant species and greater microbiota diversity, similar to natural environments. This can lead to improved immune function and reduced non-communicable diseases. Urban design principles could be influenced by the environmental microbiome to create healthier public spaces.
A new study found that mortality rates for epilepsy-related deaths did not decrease between 2009 and 2015, with a six-fold increased risk of death among young adults aged 16-24. The majority of epilepsy-related deaths (78%) were classified as potentially avoidable.
A recent review paper highlights the potential of using wastewater to monitor COVID-19, detecting low levels of virus particles and asymptomatic cases. The method offers several advantages over clinical testing, but challenges include a lack of standardized protocols and knowledge on viral decay in water environments.
Researchers found that Māori and Pacific people who struggle to quit smoking may find it easier to switch to vaping if they find it satisfying and are exposed to fewer smoking cues. The study provides valuable insights into the uptake of electronic nicotine delivery systems among these communities.
Researchers have found that Zika virus infection soon after birth can lead to persistent socioemotional, cognitive and motor deficits, as well as abnormalities in brain structure and function. This study provides clues about potential long-term effects of Zika infection on developing brains.
Researchers found elevated levels of gadolinium in Tokyo river water, particularly near treatment plants, highlighting the need for new policies and removal technologies as MRI become more widespread.
A study found that sleep-wake disturbances, including insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing, are associated with a higher risk of recurrent events in stroke survivors. Assessing and improving sleep patterns could improve long-term outcomes for these patients.
Two studies have revealed the increasing and widespread use of psychostimulants among medical students, as well as the risks associated with recreational use of laughing gas. Recreational use of laughing gas has been linked to permanent neurological damage and vitamin B12 deficiency, highlighting a growing public health concern.
A new blood test can identify women at risk of developing type 2 diabetes up to 10 years after delivery, allowing for potential interventions such as diet and exercise. The test uses metabolic markers that are present in the blood of women who have had gestational diabetes.
A study published in Quaternary Science Reviews found that many local animals stayed put in the ecologically rich ecosystem at Pinnacle Point, allowing early humans to flourish. The researchers used ancient herbivore teeth to track migratory patterns and discovered a lack of movement among most animals.
Researchers found that male fruit flies adjust their scent sensitivity by altering a gene called fruitless in response to pheromone signals and social environment. This study may provide insights into treating sensory processing disorders like autism, as it reveals how organisms selectively tune into or block sensory input.
Researchers found that anti-obesity medications like phentermine and topiramate can significantly reduce weight regain in patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. The study, which analyzed nearly 1,200 patients, showed a 10% decrease in cumulative weight regain.
A study found that children exposed to severe institutional deprivation in Romania showed lower IQs and poorer neuropsychological functioning in adulthood. They were also more likely to exhibit ADHD symptoms if they had the most significant difficulties with prospective memory.
James L. Kirkland, MD, PhD, received the Irving S. Wright Award for his research on cellular senescence and age-related diseases, while Sean Curran, PhD, won the Vincent Cristofalo Rising Star Award for his work on aging biology. Both awards recognize their contributions to advancing our understanding of aging.
Researchers analyzed 2-5 million year old fossil teeth to reconstruct body size distribution patterns of the great white shark in the past. The discovery reveals a significant nursery area with high percentages of young sharks, indicating that environmental changes can impact population dynamics and evolutionary success.
Researchers found that maximum daily temperatures above 32.2 degrees Celsius cause tropical forests to lose stored carbon more quickly. The study highlights the importance of protecting tropical forests and stabilizing the Earth's climate.
This article reviews the state-of-the-art analytical strategies for studying protein arginine methylation using mass spectrometry. The authors discuss the latest studies on profiling protein-methylation events, implementing biochemical methods, computational analysis tools, and the heavy methyl SILAC strategy.
Patients who previously had COVID-19 and clinically recovered were tested for viral shedding after hospital discharge. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction tests found no evidence of ongoing viral transmission.
A new study found that COVID-19-positive pregnant women's placentas showed signs of injury, including abnormal blood flow between mothers and babies. This could lead to increased monitoring during pregnancy, including non-stress tests and growth ultrasounds.
A study published in Lancet Psychiatry found that adding cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to standardised medical care significantly reduced the frequency of dissociative seizures, improved functioning, and enhanced quality of life. Researchers recommend incorporating CBT into specialist care for patients with dissociative seizures.
The largest cohort study to date found age, male sex, obesity, and underlying illness risk factors for severe COVID-19 or death. The study analyzed 43,000 patients hospitalised in the UK with COVID-19 and their outcomes.
A new Tulane University study finds that coastal marshes in the Mississippi Delta are experiencing tipping points, where a small increase in sea-level rise leads to widespread submergence. The researchers predict that most marshes will drown in a few centuries once the rate of sea-level rise exceeds a certain threshold.
A new study has found that people living in urban areas have a 29% higher risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to those living in rural areas. The research also suggests that air pollution, specifically particulate matter (PM), may be a contributing factor to the development of MS.
The film features geologist Jane Willenbring, chemist Raychelle Burks, and biologist Nancy Hopkins, sharing their experiences with harassment, discrimination, and bias. The documentary aims to challenge audiences' implicit biases and inspire collective change in STEM culture.