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Science News Archive December 2021 - Page 23


Page 23 of 33

‘Would you like a little ice with your exoplanet?’ For Earth-like worlds, that may be a tall order

A team of scientists simulated over 200,000 hypothetical Earth-like worlds to understand the types of environments astronomers can expect to find on real exoplanets. They found that in 90% of cases with liquid water on the surface, there are no ice sheets, but rather permanent ice belts along the equator.

SourceUniversity of Washington·JournalThe Planetary Science Journal·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateDec 8, 2021

Fish help control crown-of-thorns starfish numbers on Great Barrier Reef

A new study from Australian Institute of Marine Science reveals that reef fish such as emperors, tropical snappers, and rockcods play a crucial role in controlling crown-of-thorns starfish numbers on the Great Barrier Reef. By removing these fish species, the abundance of coral-eating starfish increases.

SourceAustralian Institute of Marine Science·JournalNature Communications·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateDec 8, 2021

Twitter reveals dynamics of stories surrounding Trump’s presidency

A computational analysis of billions of tweets has uncovered high-resolution timelines of the major stories surrounding Trump's presidency from 2016 to 2021. The study found that turbulence in these stories varied over time, with dominant narratives emerging for longer periods during certain periods.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS ONE·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateDec 8, 2021

Impaired-driver sensor could pave the way for safer vehicles

Researchers have developed heat-resistant piezoelectric sheet sensors that can detect driver impairment, including drowsiness and sudden illnesses. These sensors, attached to seats, can signal a future smart car to take action, potentially preventing accidents.

SourceAmerican Chemical Society·JournalACS Applied Electronic Materials·DateDec 8, 2021
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

Reimagining immunity in the eye

Researchers found immune cells in lens trying to fix damage and responding to long-lasting inflammation. Immune cells integrate into lens capsule, increasing invasion with disease progression, contradicting decades of scientific understanding.

SourceThomas Jefferson University·JournalThe FASEB Journal·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 8, 2021

Defense or repair: How immune cells are controlled during wound healing

Researchers discovered that wound macrophages undergo different metabolic programs to coordinate tissue repair, including the use of reactive oxygen radicals for blood vessel growth. Macrophages also utilize a different type of mitochondrial exchange for anti-inflammatory and reparative functions in late-stage wound healing.

SourceUniversity of Cologne·JournalCell Metabolism·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 8, 2021
Sky & Telescope Pocket Sky Atlas, 2nd Edition

Sky & Telescope Pocket Sky Atlas, 2nd Edition is a durable star atlas for planning sessions, identifying targets, and teaching celestial navigation.

One in five future thyroid cancers linked to excess weight

A study by University of New South Wales has found that one in five future thyroid cancers in Australia is attributable to current levels of overweight and obesity. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in the last two decades, with 75% of Australian men and 60% of women being overweight or obese.

SourceUniversity of New South Wales·JournalInternational Journal of Cancer·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateDec 8, 2021

The impact of drugs on gut microbes is greater than we thought

Researchers found that many medications, including antibiotics and cardiometabolic drugs, can significantly alter the human gut microbiome. The study revealed a complex relationship between drug dosage and microbiome impact, highlighting the need for personalized treatment strategies.

SourceEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory·JournalNature·DateDec 8, 2021
Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station

Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station offers research-grade local weather data for networked stations, campuses, and community observatories.

Home health care workers face challenges with their own health

A recent study found that nearly a quarter of home health care workers rate their general health as fair or poor, with 1 in 5 reporting poor mental health. Factors contributing to poorer health include low household income, cost barriers, and history of depression.

SourceWeill Cornell Medicine·JournalAmerican Journal of Public Health·DateDec 8, 2021

I remember how to control my body, therefore, I am.

A study published in iScience reveals that distorted perception of bodily self-consciousness can be predicted by different kinds of memories. The researchers found that the recovery of body ownership was associated with a fast memory process, while agency recovery was mainly linked to a slow memory process.

SourceUniversity of Tsukuba·JournaliScience·DateDec 8, 2021

The paradox of big data spoils vaccination surveys

Researchers from Harvard University and others have found that large-scale COVID-19 vaccination surveys were off by up to 17 percentage points due to systematic biases in the data. The 'Big Data Paradox' highlights how big data sets can minimize one type of error while magnifying another, leading to misleading results.

SourceHarvard University·JournalNature·DateDec 8, 2021

Anxiety drugs and antidepressants trigger post-surgery delirium

A new Australian study has found that taking anxiety drugs like nitrazepam and antidepressants before hip or knee surgery can lead to postoperative delirium. The risk is particularly high for older patients, highlighting the need to adjust medication regimens before undergoing elective procedures.

SourceUniversity of South Australia·JournalDrug Safety·TypeCase study·DateDec 8, 2021
GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter

GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter logs beta, gamma, and X-ray levels for environmental monitoring, training labs, and safety demonstrations.

Stem-cell breakthrough could preserve diverse livestock breeds

A team of scientists led by Vimal Selvaraj has developed a way to preserve the genetic diversity of fast-disappearing native cattle breeds using stem cells. This technology could be used to clone extinct breeds or to produce animals with desirable traits, such as disease resistance and extreme weather tolerance.

SourceCornell University·JournalBiology Open·DateDec 8, 2021

Talk therapy by US psychiatrists declined by half since 1990s

A study found that the percentage of psychiatrist visits involving psychotherapy dropped to 21.6% between 1996 and 2016, with rural and Black/Hispanic patients experiencing significant declines. The shift towards medication management is attributed to economic factors and a national shortage in psychiatric services.

SourceColumbia University Irving Medical Center·JournalAmerican Journal of Psychiatry·TypeMeta-analysis·DateDec 8, 2021

Devising new meat alternatives with 3D printing — and cocoa butter

Researchers have created a new combination of plant-based ingredients tailored for 3D printing meat alternatives, incorporating cocoa butter derived from chocolate. The formulation successfully mimics the texture and nutritional value of real meat, with potential benefits for animal welfare and environmental sustainability.

SourceAmerican Chemical Society·JournalACS Food Science & Technology·DateDec 8, 2021

Nature or nurture: How does an animal get its microbiome?

Researchers have found that sharks acquire their microbiome through three methods: the mother passing on microbes to her offspring via egg case, social interactions with other sharks, and recruiting microbes from their environment. This study provides new insights into the development of animal microbiomes and their importance in under...

SourceMarine Biological Laboratory·JournalAnimal Microbiome·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 8, 2021
Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars

Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars deliver bright, sharp views for wildlife surveys, eclipse chases, and quick star-field scans at dark sites.

A new understanding of mental illness

A new study from McGill University suggests that a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors can predict early onset psychiatric disorders with over 90% accuracy. The study identifies temperament, trauma, and dopamine as the key factors in this prediction.

SourceMcGill University·JournalNeuropsychopharmacology·DateDec 8, 2021

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing boosts effectiveness of ultrasound cancer therapy

Researchers have developed a CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system to enhance the effectiveness of sonodynamic therapy, allowing tumors to be effectively shrunk in a mouse model of liver cancer. The technology reduces antioxidant defense systems, increasing cancer cell death from the treatment.

SourceAmerican Chemical Society·JournalACS Central Science·DateDec 8, 2021

Black children overlooked in scar tissue disorder tests, study says

A new study suggests that Black children are more likely to be affected by a rare immune disease that causes scar tissue to form on skin and internal organs. The research found that one in five cases of the disease involve children under 16 years old, with over 90% of these being Black.

SourceUniversity of Edinburgh·JournalFrontiers in Immunology·DateDec 8, 2021

Novel computer simulation method can accelerate COVID-19 drug discovery

Researchers developed a novel computer simulation method that can analyze key proteins in the reproductive cycle of SARS-CoV-2, promising to accelerate the search for bioactive compounds against COVID-19. The method estimates a reduction in research time from two to three years to under a year.

SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalJournal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics·DateDec 8, 2021
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

Researchers propose new method for electrocatalytic hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene under room temperature

Researchers develop highly efficient electrocatalytic hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene under room temperature, using water as a hydrogen source and reducing energy consumption. The process achieves high Faradaic efficiency and selective ethylene production via electron-coupled proton transfer pathways.

SourceDalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy Sciences·JournalNature Communications·TypeCommentary/editorial·DateDec 8, 2021

Association between community-level police contact, risk of preterm birth

A study of over 1,000 Minneapolis residents found that community-level police contact is associated with a higher risk of preterm birth. The study controlled for factors like socioeconomic status and housing conditions, suggesting a potential link between police interactions and birth outcomes.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalJAMA Network Open·DateDec 8, 2021
Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm)

Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm) tracks health metrics and safety alerts during long observing sessions, fieldwork, and remote expeditions.

Transforming materials with light

Scientists create a process called 'coherent optical engineering' that can dramatically change the properties of materials without generating heat. The breakthrough uses lasers to alter electron energy levels in a way that is reversible and free from unwanted heating.

SourceCalifornia Institute of Technology·JournalNature·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 8, 2021
Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C)

Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C) keeps Macs, tablets, and meters powered during extended observing runs and remote surveys.

Inventory of the world belowground: Using DNA to study fungal communities

A new study published in Applications in Plant Sciences highlights the negative effects of clearcutting on mycorrhizal fungi, showing less diversity in formerly deforested areas. High-throughput sequencing reveals over 300 distinct fungal lineages in soil and root samples, shedding light on ecosystem health.

SourceBotanical Society of America·JournalApplications in Plant Sciences·DateDec 8, 2021

How do dolphins learn to live along the coast?

Researchers found that dolphins have adapted to coastal life independently due to ancestral genes, which provide benefits for living in different environments. These genetic variations can be learned and passed down through generations.

SourceNorwegian University of Science and Technology·JournalScience Advances·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateDec 8, 2021

Researchers capture the fastest optical flash emitted from a newborn supernova

Researchers discovered a Type Ia supernova with an unusually fast and prominent early optical flash, which they believe is due to the interaction between supernova ejecta and circumstellar material. The team's findings provide new insights into the origins of these spectacular phenomena.

SourceKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal Letters·DateDec 8, 2021
Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply

Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply powers sensors, microcontrollers, and test circuits with programmable rails and stable outputs.

Catalyst technology converts methane greenhouse gas into useful, valuable chemicals

Researchers at Iowa State University have developed a catalyst technology that converts methane into ethane and ethylene with high efficiency and selectivity. The new technology uses platinum-based MXene structures to break down methane bonds, producing valuable chemicals without emitting the most abundant greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide.

SourceIowa State University·JournalNature Catalysis·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 8, 2021

Study shows preterm birth risk most strongly linked to pre-eclampsia

A study published in the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology found that women who experienced pre-eclampsia in both pregnancies were 17 times more likely to have another preterm birth. The research also showed a three-fold higher risk of subsequent pre-eclampsia after a preterm birth.

SourceCurtin University·JournalBritish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·DateDec 8, 2021
Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter

Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter is a trusted meter for precise measurements during instrument integration, repairs, and field diagnostics.

These tiny liquid robots never run out of juice as long as they have food

Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have developed water-walking liquid robots that can retrieve and deliver precious chemicals autonomously. The robots use chemistry to control buoyancy and do not require electrical energy, making them ideal for applications such as chemical synthesis and drug delivery.

SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·JournalNature Chemistry·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 8, 2021

Disparities in blood pressure control

A study of 16,000 adults with high blood pressure found significant racial disparities in blood pressure control, linked to unequal treatment intensification and missed appointments. The research highlights the need for targeted interventions to address these inequities and improve outcomes for underserved populations.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalJAMA Cardiology·DateDec 8, 2021

New publication shines light on how language impacts firearm injury discussions

A new publication sheds light on how words used in relation to firearm injuries and deaths can impact prevention efforts. The authors emphasize the need for shared, informed, non-judgmental language to create trust and sustainable collaboration among clinicians, researchers, and the public.

SourceUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus·JournalAmerican Journal of Public Health·DateDec 8, 2021

Genetic architecture of fruit size and shape variability in non-flat peach

A recent genetic study has identified major quantitative loci associated with fruit size and shape traits in non-flat peach cultivars. The study revealed that specific haplotype blocks, such as qSHL/Fs6.1, are strongly linked to distinct fruit shapes, including ovate, round, and oblate varieties.

SourceNanjing Agricultural University The Academy of Science·JournalHorticulture Research·DateDec 8, 2021
GoPro HERO13 Black

GoPro HERO13 Black records stabilized 5.3K video for instrument deployments, field notes, and outreach, even in harsh weather and underwater conditions.

Trans people accessing acute mental health care more likely to experience marginalization

A new study by Centre for Addiction and Mental Health reveals an association between trans individuals' need for acute mental health care and experiences of marginalization. Transgender individuals who access acute mental health care are twice as likely to be diagnosed with personality disorders than the general population.

SourceCentre for Addiction and Mental Health·JournalPsychiatric Services·DateDec 8, 2021

Study shows how waste can be converted into materials for advanced industries

Researchers from Brazil and international collaborators demonstrate the conversion of low-cost waste biomass into bioplastic, electronic devices, and other high-value materials. The study highlights the potential of this approach to address global waste management challenges and promote a circular economy.

SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalAdvanced Materials·DateDec 8, 2021

Tau and PQBP1: Protein Interaction Induces Inflammation in the Brain

Researchers from Tokyo Medical and Dental University found that PQBP1 interacts with Tau protein to drive an immune response in the brain. The study reveals a mechanism of inflammation that functions in both viral infection and neurodegenerative disease.

SourceTokyo Medical and Dental University·JournalNature Communications·DateDec 8, 2021

Several protein biomarkers protect against disease development

A recent study identified several protein biomarkers that protect against the development of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and osteoarthritis. The researchers used Mendelian Randomization to determine whether high levels of these proteins are associated with a lower risk of disease.

SourceUppsala University·JournalScience Advances·TypeObservational study·DateDec 8, 2021
Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach

Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach provides rugged GNSS navigation, satellite messaging, and SOS for backcountry geology and climate field teams.

Up to our NECs in it: in-depth genomic analysis of a rare carcinoma

A comprehensive genomic analysis reveals the genetic basis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gastrointestinal system, a rare cancer that is highly resistant to treatment. The study identifies key biological processes underlying the development of the disease, including structural variants, methylation events, and gene fusions.

SourceOsaka University·JournalCancer Discovery·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 8, 2021

How Hydra animals regenerate their own heads

Researchers have identified the specific genetic regulatory elements responsible for Hydra head regeneration, showing that dynamic chromatin remodeling and transcription factor motifs play a crucial role. This discovery sheds light on the complex developmental processes involved in this remarkable regenerative ability.

SourceOxford University Press USA·JournalGenome Biology and Evolution·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 8, 2021

Digitizing the Natural History Museum London's entire collection could contribute over £2 billion to the global economy

The Natural History Museum's digital collection has been downloaded over 28 billion times, contributing to advancements in food security, biodiversity conservation and medicine discovery. The museum's digitisation efforts are expected to have a tenfold return on investment, with benefits exceeding £2 billion over 30 years.

SourcePensoft Publishers·JournalResearch Ideas and Outcomes·DateDec 8, 2021

Does air pollution reduce the benefits of physical activity on the brain?

A new study found that air pollution in areas with high levels of particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide can negate the benefits of vigorous physical activity on certain markers of brain disease. This includes reduced white matter hyperintensities and gray matter volume, indicating poorer brain health.

SourceAmerican Academy of Neurology·JournalNeurology·DateDec 8, 2021
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4)

Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4) runs demanding GIS, imaging, and annotation workflows on the go for surveys, briefings, and lab notebooks.

The Estée Lauder Companies publishes methodology to drive sustainable cosmetics innovation & strengthen environmental, social and governance commitments

The Estée Lauder Companies has released its Green Score methodology to assess and measure the sustainability of ingredients and formulas based on green chemistry principles. The approach uses a quantitative tool to evaluate human health, ecosystem health, and environmental impact across its product portfolio.

SourceThe Estee Lauder Companies R&D·JournalGreen Chemistry·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateDec 8, 2021

Seeing shapes

Carlos Ponce is studying the parts of the visual system that analyze shapes, using macaque monkeys as a model. He combines computational models with electrophysiology experiments to understand how neurons process visual information.

SourceHarvard Medical School·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 8, 2021

Experimental treatment with enzyme protects mice from lethal anthrax infection

Scientists have developed an enzyme that degrades the capsule surrounding the bacterium that causes anthrax, reducing virulence and protecting mice from infection. The treatment, known as PEG-CapD-CPS334C, is a promising avenue for treating multidrug-resistant anthrax and other bacterial infections.

SourceUS Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases·JournalScience Translational Medicine·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 8, 2021

Metabolic differences in the diagnosis of and treatment refinement for episodic and chronic depression

A study in young psychiatric outpatients with episodic or chronic depression found differences in one-carbon and energy metabolism, which could aid in diagnosis and targeted treatments. The preliminary results suggest potential mechanisms behind chronicity, highlighting the need for larger cohorts to confirm findings.

SourceUniversity of Eastern Finland·JournalJournal of Affective Disorders Reports·DateDec 8, 2021
Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor

Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor tracks ventilation quality in labs, classrooms, and conference rooms with long battery life and clear e-ink readouts.