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Science News Archive September 2022 - Page 33


Page 33 of 38

Do say gay: Understanding the significance of inclusive sexuality discussions between parent and son

A new study led by University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing researchers found that inclusive parent-child sex conversations can reduce internalized stigma and promote support among adolescents. The study also underscores the significance of these conversations for heterosexual children, who can become allies to LGBTQ peers.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Nursing·JournalJournal of Pediatric Health Care·DateSep 7, 2022

Facebook and Instagram addiction in adolescents linked to inequality, international study of 179,000 children suggests

A new study published in Information, Communication and Society journal found a strong link between economic inequality and problematic social media use among adolescents. The research, involving over 179,000 schoolchildren from 40 countries, suggests that new strategies are needed to reduce the impact of deprivation on social media use.

SourceTaylor & Francis Group·JournalInformation Communication & Society·DateSep 7, 2022

Growing numbers of Native American households in Nevada face plumbing poverty, water quality problems

A new study found that Native American households in Nevada lack complete indoor plumbing, with an average of 0.67% households affected between 1990-2019. The study also revealed a significant increase in Safe Drinking Water Act violations, with over 20,000 people impacted in 2019.

SourceDesert Research Institute·JournalEnvironmental Science & Policy·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateSep 7, 2022

Over-reliance on biomass-based carbon removal technologies could increase climate and food security risks

A recent study by IIASA and Fudan University warns that relying too much on biomass-based carbon removal technologies could exacerbate global warming and reduce crop yields, leading to food shortages. The simulation results show that delayed mitigation and BECCS deployment could increase global warming from 1.7°C to 3.7°C by 2200.

What is the best way to group students?

A new mathematical approach to grouping theory uses math to determine the most effective way to organize individuals to maximize learning. The research found that like-skilled tiered grouping is better than cross-sectional or random grouping, when the end goal is improving learning for all individuals.

SourceUniversity of Rochester·JournalEducational Practice and Theory·DateSep 7, 2022

Just wait a femtosecond

Scientists from the University of Tsukuba created a scanning tunneling microscopy system that captures images as fast as 30 femtoseconds, allowing for faster study of rapid processes in materials. This advancement enables researchers to understand ultrafast dynamics and behavior of materials more accurately.

SourceUniversity of Tsukuba·JournalACS Photonics·DateSep 7, 2022

Men take more financial risks after positive fortune telling

Researchers found that men who received positive fortune telling outcomes were more likely to take financial risks, while the effect was weaker in women. This study suggests that superstition can influence behavior, even among those who claim not to be superstitious.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS ONE·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 7, 2022

Interactions between genetics and the environment can explain variability seen in common neuropsychiatric disorders

Researchers used data from over 400,000 individuals to model genetic and environmental factors influencing common neuropsychiatric disorders. Gene-environment interactions accounted for a significant proportion of variability in some disorders, while others showed more substantial contributions.

SourceUniversity of Chicago Medical Center·JournalCell Reports Medicine·DateSep 7, 2022

Research reveals potentially life-changing impact of internet forums on those in remission from opioid use disorder

A new study by the University of Exeter found that engaging with non-drug related online communities significantly reduces the risk of relapse during remission. Participants who engaged with more online forums had a lower risk of opioid use episode, with a potential 5% reduction per forum.

SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalJournal of Medical Internet Research·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateSep 6, 2022

Novel technique helps discover whether bacteria that cause meningitis are resistant to antibiotics

A novel method developed by Brazilian researchers can analyze bacterial samples without isolating live bacteria, making it easier to detect antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. The technique was tested on 873 samples and found that 51% were sensitive to antibiotics, while 17% were resistant.

Neolithic culinary traditions uncovered

Scientists have uncovered evidence of cereal cooking, dairy products and meat-based dishes in ancient pots from Scottish crannogs. Cereal biomarkers were detected in one-third of pots, providing the earliest biomolecular evidence for cereals in absorbed pottery residues.

SourceUniversity of Bristol·JournalNature Communications·TypeObservational study·DateSep 6, 2022

Data from pivotal breast cancer and kidney cancer studies headline Dana-Farber research presented at ESMO Congress 2022

Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have made significant breakthroughs in treating breast and kidney cancers, with data from pivotal studies showing encouraging results for new treatments. Phase 3 trials are underway to evaluate a three-drug regimen for advanced kidney cancer, while a combination therapy is being tested for HR...

Technology that simulates complex molecular interactions could lead to better treatments for diseases like cancer and COVID-19

A team of researchers at the University of Minnesota has developed an accessible application called MVsim that can simulate complex molecular interactions. By using this tool, scientists can design more specific drugs for diseases like cancer and COVID-19 by optimizing multivalent interactions.

SourceUniversity of Minnesota·JournalNature Communications·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateSep 6, 2022

Hickory dickory dock, the bean bug brain’s biological clock

A study published in PLOS Biology reveals that glutamate signaling regulates the seasonal response of bean bugs' reproduction, controlled by circadian rhythm genes. The researchers found that extracellular glutamate levels were higher under short-day conditions and disrupted when reduced or increased.

SourceOsaka University·JournalPLOS Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 6, 2022

Growth of psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners helped offset drop in psychiatrists treating Medicare patients

A recent study found that nearly 1 in 3 mental health prescriber visits to Medicare patients were provided by PMHNPs, a significant rise from 2011-2019. The growth of PMHNPs helped offset the decline of psychiatrists treating Medicare patients, resulting in a 12% decrease in mental health specialist visits instead of a 30% drop.

SourceHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health·JournalHealth Affairs·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateSep 6, 2022

Air pollution heightened COVID risk in low-income pregnant New Yorkers

A new study found that low-income pregnant women living in polluted neighborhoods had a 60% increased risk of testing positive for COVID-19. The study, led by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health, examined the relationship between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and COVID-19 test results.

SourceColumbia University's Mailman School of Public Health·JournalAmerican Journal of Epidemiology·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateSep 6, 2022

Understanding the full picture of child poverty

A study by Duke University researchers reveals that net worth poverty has a significant impact on child development, affecting cognitive scores and behavior. The research highlights the importance of considering both income and wealth when designing programs to address child wellbeing.

SourceDuke University·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateSep 6, 2022

New study finds racial and ethnic differences in perception and use of ‘red flag’ laws

A new study from the University of California - Davis Health found racial and ethnic differences in how extreme risk protection orders (ERPOs) are perceived and used in California. Black Californians were less willing to ask a judge for an ERPO, citing lack of knowledge and mistrust of the system as their top reasons.

SourceUniversity of California - Davis Health·JournalPreventive Medicine·TypeSurvey·DateSep 6, 2022

Smoke from the Black Summer wildfires in Australia impacted the climate and high altitude winds of the southern hemisphere for more than a year and a half

A study led by Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research reveals that smoke from the Australian Black Summer wildfires spread across the southern hemisphere, warming upper atmosphere and cooling lower atmosphere. This has significant implications for climate modeling due to increasing wildfire frequency under climate change.

SourceLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)·JournalAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics·TypeObservational study·DateSep 6, 2022

New technique boosts online medical search results

A Cornell-led group of researchers has developed a search method that identifies terms similar to cancer screening tests in colloquial language, expanding conventional data-collection pipelines. The technique was applied to YouTube searches, retrieving relevant videos using words semantically close to the main term.

SourceCornell University·JournalJMIR Medical Informatics·DateSep 6, 2022

Young-onset type 2 diabetes linked to substantially higher relative risk of cardiovascular disease and death, finds study of 1.9 million adults

A new study of 1.9 million adults found that young-onset type 2 diabetes is associated with a substantially higher relative risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Individuals diagnosed with early-onset T2D aged 40 or younger had five times more likelihood to develop heart disease, seven times more likely to be hospitalized with hear...

Review of evaluations of project safe neighborhoods programs identifies gaps in literature, generally favorable outcomes

The study found that PSN programs had a statistically significant impact on reducing crime, with focused deterrence strategies being a favored approach. However, there were geographical gaps in the studies reviewed, and the researchers identified areas for future evaluators to consider.

SourceCrime and Justice Research Alliance·JournalJustice Evaluation Journal·DateSep 6, 2022

Nano-preterm infants may not benefit from noninvasive versus invasive ventilation at birth

Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham found that noninvasive ventilation in nano-preterm infants did not show an advantage in reducing bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death. In contrast, infants who received invasive respiratory support had lower rates of severe intraventricular hemorrhage and death.

SourceUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham·JournalJAMA Network Open·TypeCase study·DateSep 6, 2022

Shining light on why plastics turn yellow

Researchers have identified surface-based chiral nanostructures as the potential culprit behind plastics turning yellow over time. The study suggests that these structures, formed on the surface of polyethylene films exposed to UV light, are a key factor in the degradation process and the resulting yellow color change.

SourceAmerican Chemical Society·JournalACS Applied Polymer Materials·DateSep 6, 2022

Novel smart material enables high-performance and reliable light control of droplets

Researchers have developed a novel smart material that enables high-performance and reliable light control of droplets. The material, which consists of micro-size liquid metal particles, polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene copolymer, and micro-pyramidal structures, exhibits superior photothermal and ferroelectric properties.

SourceChinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters·JournalNational Science Review·DateSep 6, 2022