A new IIASA-led study investigated the potential of engineered Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technologies, such as Direct Air Capture of CO2 (DACCS), to help bridge the gap between current emissions reductions and ambitious climate goals. The study found that novel CDR can keep pre-Paris climate targets within reach when accounting for ...
Researchers at NUS have created a new type of solar cell with improved stability and efficiency, paving the way for cheaper and more durable energy solutions. The cells achieve a world record efficiency of 24.35%, making them suitable for large-scale commercialization.
A study found that space travel causes a rapid decrease in the strength of an astronaut's immune system due to changes in gene expression. Most genes returned to normal levels within weeks after returning to Earth, but there is still uncertainty about when full resistance returns.
The presence of large herbivores like caribou and musk oxen slowed Arctic tundra diversity losses, contrary to declining sea ice. Herbivore exclusion led to faster biodiversity declines, while warming conditions with grazing allowed for slower losses.
A study by Margherita Corina and Alfonso Carballo Perez found that populist leaders increase uncertainty, making firms cautious in foreign investment decisions. However, strong institutional environments and high levels of firm internationalization can moderate these negative effects.
A new study by UC San Francisco found that California's emergency department capacity has not kept up with patient demand, leading to long wait times. The number of high-severity visits increased by nearly 68 percent, while low-severity visits declined by 63 percent.
The global diabetes crisis is accelerating due to widening inequity, with structural racism and geographic disparities exacerbating the problem. The new Series projects that over 1.3 billion people will live with diabetes by 2050, with marginalized communities facing reduced access to care and worse health outcomes.
Scientists have discovered how the PA-X protein degrades host cell RNA while leaving the virus intact, enabling it to infiltrate and replicate within cells. The findings provide new insights into how influenza A viruses evade the immune system.
This study found widening socioeconomic inequality among Japanese adolescents in achieving recommended physical activity levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis also revealed narrowing inequality in breakfast intake, but no differences observed for screen time, sleep duration, or bowel movement frequency.
A new study investigates the safety of discontinuing disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis patients over 55, finding low risk of new clinical activity but unclear benefits. The study suggests that some older patients may consider a personal trial of discontinuation due to the low risk of recurrence.
A new study by George Mason University Assistant Professor Rodman Turpin found that open discussion of sexuality with parents can reduce the negative mental health effects of discrimination on Black sexual minority men and transgender women. Participants who had supportive parents experienced lower levels of depression related to discr...
Researchers at OU are developing a scalable, integrated sensing platform to detect and monitor methane emissions in the Anadarko Basin. The system aims to help companies identify and mitigate accidental leaks, achieving detection at the meter scale.
Researchers at Virginia Tech developed a method to create adhesives with both strong bonds and easy removal using the ancient Japanese art of cutting paper. This innovation has potential applications in robotic grasping, wearables for health monitoring, and manufacturing for assembly and recycling.
Research highlights how generative AI models encode biases and negative stereotypes in their users, particularly marginalised groups. This can lead to the mass generation and spread of nonsensical information, influencing human beliefs and perpetuating existing inequalities.
MIT engineers have developed a new technology to probe the connections between the brain and gut, using fibers embedded with sensors and light sources. The researchers demonstrated that they can control neural circuits connecting the gut and brain in mice, inducing feelings of fullness or reward-seeking behavior.
A recent study has found that iridescence provides effective camouflage independent of glossiness in beetles. Iridescence is the most important aspect of colouration in enabling concealment. Researchers at the University of Bristol discovered that glossy surfaces are less effective at hiding than matte ones.
A research team at the University of Tsukuba has developed a secure AI technology that allows for the shared analysis of personal and identifiable data from multiple organizations. This will enhance the accuracy of AI analysis, particularly in disease prediction and educational effectiveness.
Researchers have developed a new standard for preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after stem cell transplant, showing improved efficacy and reduced side effects compared to the current gold standard. The new regimen achieved higher rates of patient survival without GVHD complications, making it a more effective option for patie...
A study published in Nature Medicine found that nearly all women carrying variations thought to cause very early menopause actually had their menopause at an older age, forcing a reevaluation of the genetic causes of the condition. The research suggests that premature menopause is likely caused by a combination of genetic and non-genet...
A new prostate cancer treatment combining enzalutamide and talazoparib has been approved by the FDA, offering improved patient outcomes. The treatment was found to decrease the risk of cancer progression by 55% in a phase 3 trial.
Researchers found that mice with Alzheimer's Disease lacked TLR4 in their central nervous system, leading to reduced joint inflammation and immune cell response. This study suggests potential therapeutic targets for chronic pain treatment and raises awareness about underreported pain in AD patients.
Researchers propose a new way to restructure grant allocation, promoting inclusivity, innovation and cost reduction. The proposed system uses a lottery to determine which researchers can submit funding applications, followed by a second stage of peer review.
New study finds that limiting human activity in parts of the ocean can enhance marine environment health and benefit nearby coastal communities. MPAs with strict fishing restrictions sustain fisheries and improve income and food security for nearby residents.
A new rapid viral plaque detection system enabled by holography and deep learning can help accelerate vaccine and drug development. The system reduces the detection time of traditional viral plaque assays by up to 48 hours, eliminating chemical staining and manual counting.
A new device using dielectrophoresis selectively isolates Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum samples, providing a purified sample for molecular confirmation. The technology has shown promising results in detecting TB in underserved areas, with high concordance rates compared to culture diagnosis.
Researchers found that iron selenide undergoes a collective shift in orbital energy during the nematic transition, rather than coordinated spin shifts. This discovery opens up new avenues for discovering unconventional superconductors and improving existing materials.
A recent study found that people of color with alcohol use disorder receive less suicide prevention care at emergency departments, despite similar levels of elevated suicide ideation. The research highlights the need for healthcare providers to address disparities in behavioral health care and provide culturally sensitive treatment.
Scientists at Karolinska Institutet have identified a group of nerve cells involved in creating negative emotional states and chronic stress. The neurons, which are sensitive to oestrogen levels, were mapped using advanced techniques such as Patch-seq, Neuropixels, and optogenetics.
The study mapped out metabolite by-products of bacteria processing amino acids linked to cardiovascular disease, comparing patient data to assess disease risk. Researchers developed a method for assessing absolute metabolite levels in the bloodstream, allowing identification of cutoff values for low versus high risk.
Researchers developed a new tool called Orion that integrates histologic and molecular information to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment. The tool uses a digital imaging platform to analyze tumor samples, identifying biomarkers that predict patient outcomes.
A Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute researcher used high hydrostatic pressure to examine conformational dynamics of human tRNA, finding excited states that play a role in both normal function and HIV infection. The study suggests new insights into RNA function and potential targets for therapeutics.
Scientists at Max Delbrück Center have developed a tool to screen drugs that can help treat viral diseases like COVID-19 by analyzing the immune response of lung epithelial cells. The technology uses synthetic locus control region (sLCR) DNA sequences that glow red when triggered, enabling researchers to identify potential treatments.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients face substantial burden of uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors, leading to increased risk of stroke and heart attack. Modifiable CV risk factor control is crucial in reducing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events and death among these patients.
A new study suggests that more women should be aware of the potential for revision surgery after cosmetic breast augmentation. The researchers found that those who consider themselves healthier and have higher levels of education are less likely to undergo or recommend the procedure.
Scientists have identified a molecular control centre responsible for processing newly formed proteins correctly when they leave the cell's protein factories. The ribosomal gatekeeper NAC ensures the excision of methionine from specific proteins, preventing cell death.
A new checklist has been proposed to reduce bias in AI algorithms, promoting more accurate and fair decision-making. The checklist provides a standardized framework for identifying and addressing biases in AI systems.
Researchers discovered that a bivalve's hinge can withstand 1,500,000 cycles without fatigue damage. The team proposed a novel design strategy based on the hinge's hierarchical structure to create fatigue-resistant materials.
A new study by the American Cancer Society found that children of parents with a cancer history in the US are more likely to experience unmet needs for housing, food, and other living necessities. The study also identified vulnerable groups, including girls, non-Hispanic Black children, and those living in low-income families.
Researchers from the University of Warsaw explore how kitchen phenomena lead to breakthroughs in biomedicine and nanotechnology. They describe bubbles in champagne, Leidenfrost effect, and surface tension, revealing surprising connections between food science and scientific discoveries.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed an innovative gene therapy that shows promise in treating Dravet syndrome, a severe developmental epilepsy affecting children. The treatment was found to be effective in improving epilepsy, protecting against early death, and enhancing cognitive abilities.
Researchers developed a new approach to help citizens prepare for climate change impacts by bringing community groups together to discuss local threats and potential actions.
Researchers have discovered that eukaryotes, including plants, animals, and fungi, share a common ancestor among the Asgards. The team identified a newly described order called the Hodarchaeales as the closest microbial relative to all complex life forms on the tree of life.
A 'poo transplant' trial provides evidence that faecal microbiota transplants can improve gut health in patients with cirrhosis, reducing the likelihood of infections. The PROMISE trial aims to deliver FMT capsules via oral administration, offering a potential breakthrough for patients with advanced liver disease.
The University of Utah has joined a semiconductor network with Micron Technology to develop the next generation of US semiconductor industry's workforce. The partnership aims to increase students' opportunities for experiential learning across the semiconductor ecosystem, with a focus on underrepresented groups.
Researchers developed a platform called Orion that bridges parallel worlds of microscopic analysis and multiplexed tissue imaging. The platform enables the integration of information from each source into a comprehensive view across the entire slide, predicting patient prognosis and tumor behavior.
A new study by Mass General Brigham found an association between increasing receipt of plant-based food packages and decreased BMI in children. The research suggests that providing healthy foods can help prevent childhood obesity, especially among families dealing with food insecurity.
Researchers used a stem cell model to study the effects of Alzheimer's disease-associated mutations on early human brain development, finding that mutant spheres were larger and contained fewer mature neurons. The study highlights the need for tailored therapies and paves the way for studying Alzheimer's in its early stages.
A new study from the Van Andel Research Institute reveals that loss of two key 'protector' proteins, TET and RYBP, transforms healthy lung cells into cancerous ones through epigenetic changes. The research found that deficiency of these proteins leads to widespread aberrant methylation and malignant transformation.
Researchers found that ChatGPT 4 can accurately identify appropriate imaging services for breast cancer screening and breast pain. The AI model outperformed its predecessor, ChatGPT 3.5, in providing evidence-backed guidelines for radiologists.
A recent review article highlights how metformin increases miRNA let-7 levels in the liver, reducing hepatic glucose production. Additionally, it activates glucose conversion to lactate and acetate in the intestine, establishing a crosstalk between gut and liver that contributes to its antidiabetic effects.
Washington State University engineers have created a way to 3D-print two types of steel in the same circular layer using two welding machines. The resulting bimetallic material proved stronger than either metal alone due to pressure caused between the metals as they cool together.
A new calculation shows that a molecular gas filament protected the young Solar System from a nearby supernova explosion, allowing it to capture radioactive isotopes found in meteorites. The filament acted as a buffer, protecting the nascent Sun and helping to channel the isotopes into the forming Solar System.
A study published in Cancers found that a combination of radiotherapy followed by immunotherapy is effective against oral malignant melanomas in dogs. The treatment strategy increased overall survival time compared to immunotherapy alone. Researchers are now exploring the optimal protocol for this therapy to increase its effectiveness.
A recent study analyzing CVs across 30 disciplines found that women are underrepresented among those entering fields requiring exceptional intellectual ability, such as physics and engineering, while being overrepresented among those exiting these fields. Gender-based prejudice plays a significant role in perpetuating these imbalances.
Researchers from the University of Surrey have developed a new design for source-gated transistors that improves thermal stability and retains benefits like low power consumption and high signal amplification. This innovation could lead to the creation of low-cost, flexible displays that use minimal energy.
A new approach uses pretherapy imaging and dosimetry to personalize radioactive iodine treatment for refractory differentiated thyroid cancer patients. The method allows researchers to calculate personalized dosage of treatment, resulting in improved outcomes.
A multi-nation cohort analysis found that mothers with higher BMIs have shorter breastfeeding durations due to inflammation and cesarean section deliveries. The study identified dietary and systemic inflammation as modifiable factors associated with longer lactation duration in people with high BMI.
African countries have made significant progress in increasing their share of global HIV research output, rising from 5.1% in 1986 to 31.3% between 1986 and 2020. Despite this growth, the continent still produces relatively low amounts of HIV research compared to its high burden of infections.
The study found a decreasing trend in the global TBL cancer burden from 1990 to 2019, but regional variations persisted. The burden was highest in upper-middle-income countries and lowest in high-income countries.
A new study has found that an inflammation-targeting antibody may improve preterm birth outcomes by reducing inflammatory signals in the placenta. The same antibody has also shown promise in preventing obesity-linked fatty liver disease, a condition that can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer.