Bacterial infections are common and severe complications in patients with liver cirrhosis, with a global prevalence of 35.1% reported. The most common infection sites were the gastrointestinal tract, ascites fluid, and urinary tract, with gram-negative organisms more frequent than gram-positive organisms.
A new study by Penn State researchers found that the level of transparency in artificial intelligence (AI) systems affects users' trust. When systems meet or exceed users' expectations, trust increases without needing detailed explanations. However, when expectations are not met, users require more information and a deeper understandin...
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) holds promise in treating chronic liver diseases by restoring gut-liver axis balance. The consensus recommends FMT for various etiologies, excluding drug-induced liver injury, with strict donor selection and management guidelines to ensure safety.
A nationwide study found that Parkinson's disease is more common among individuals with higher socioeconomic status and in the northern provinces of the Netherlands. The risk increases with age, peaking between 75 and 85 years, and is higher among men.
A team of researchers at EPFL developed a robotic hand that can detach from its arm and 'crawl' to grasp multiple objects, overcoming human asymmetry and limitations. The device can perform 'loco manipulation' with seamless autonomy and has potential applications in industrial, service, and exploratory robotics.
A study reviews decades of research on Hsp70's role in neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting its protective effects and potential therapeutic value. The review reveals that different Hsp70 isoforms interact with co-chaperones and cellular pathways to determine protein clearance.
Smoking exposure induces tumor microenvironment promoting sorafenib resistance in HCC by modifying the 14-3-3η proteome. Arsenic trioxide suppresses tumor progression with synergistic effect when combined with sorafenib.
A new theory of proprioception challenges traditional understanding by incorporating frontier bionic evidence. The proposed framework reconceptualizes proprioception as a dynamic augmentable interface, enabling functional movement and potentially improving rehabilitation outcomes in sports injuries and neurological diseases. Researcher...
A team of researchers from Chonnam National University explores how boosting consumer trust can increase adoption of second-life EV battery tech. They found that transparent safety inspections and tailored messaging can improve adoption outcomes.
Researchers develop Dual Perigee, a lightweight algorithm that streamlines network connections to enable secure and low-latency data sharing in IoT networks. The study reduces block-related delays by 48.54% compared to standard approaches.
A study by Chungnam National University finds that climate adaptation can significantly reduce migration from drought and armed conflict in Africa. Countries with stronger adaptive capacity experience lower migration levels during crisis conditions, highlighting the importance of policies addressing environmental and security threats.
A recent study found that organic matter carried from rivers into the Arctic Ocean creates more clouds and keeps the region cooler. Aerosol particles formed by this biological matter act as 'seeds' for cloud formation, increasing their ability to form bright, long-lasting clouds.
A new Perspective article explores the role of biofilms in health during long-duration spaceflight and how this research can reshape our understanding of microbial communities on Earth. The study highlights the importance of biofilms in enabling human and plant health, particularly in space-based environments.
Researchers found that combining selective CDK2 inhibitor BLU-222 with CDK4/6 inhibitors produces strong, durable anti-tumor effects across preclinical models of breast cancer. This approach targets cancer cells' reliance on CDK proteins and restores control over the cell cycle in resistant tumors.
Research reveals that chemotherapy alters the gut microbiota, producing indole-3-propionic acid, which travels to the bone marrow and rewires immune cell production. This leads to a metastasis-refractory state in preclinical models and improved survival outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer.
Smartwatches with PPG and ECG functionality improve atrial fibrillation detection, detecting it four times more often than standard care. Researchers detected heart arrhythmia in 21 patients using smartwatches compared to five in those receiving standard care after six months of monitoring.
A new study has found that living walls can significantly enhance urban biodiversity by attracting pollinators and other wildlife. The research revealed that soil-based living walls with plants in soil attracted more wildlife than those with artificial substrates, and specific plant species like ivy and honeysuckle were most effective.
Researchers have developed a new AI method called Riff-Diff to construct artificial biocatalysts, resulting in enzymes that are significantly faster, more stable and versatile. The technology allows for precise design of protein structures around active centres, making enzyme design more accessible to the wider biotechnology community.
A team of researchers from Institute of Science Tokyo developed a novel enzyme, MAN, that efficiently converts common nucleotide substrates into RNA nucleotides with remarkable efficiency. This method simplifies the production of RNA building blocks by using inexpensive and stable polyphosphate as a phosphate donor.
Researchers at Kobe University have identified a specific bacterial strain, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, as the primary causes of foot odor in Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratosis. Topical application of benzoyl peroxide reduces odor by decreasing C. tuberculostearicum levels.
Researchers found that humans in northern Mozambique use distinct calls, trills, grunts, whoops, and whistles when communicating with honeyguide birds. These regional dialects allow communities to coordinate cooperation with greater honeyguides, revealing a striking parallel to human language diversification.
Researchers have developed a new way to produce fluorescence by using molecular stacking, which can lead to the creation of smarter and more sensitive pressure sensors. The study focused on two crystalline organoboron compounds that exhibit piezofluorochromism, changing color in response to pressure.
Researchers at Université libre de Bruxelles discover a single thermodynamic quantity that explains how membranes exchange lipids and how this process affects biological behavior. This framework has far-reaching implications for understanding various biological mechanisms and potentially controlling their behavior.
Researchers explore microneedle technology as a novel delivery system for efficient and minimally invasive intradermal drug delivery. The review highlights the design of functional microneedles with specific structures to overcome biological barriers in various tissues, improving therapeutic outcomes.
The latest research on water striders, a true bug family, sheds light on their evolutionary history, revealing that most lineages originated up to 50 million years ago. The study, led by Dr. Michael Raupach, used genome analysis to reconstruct the family tree and identify key drivers of biodiversity.
Researchers have developed a new class of engineered nanoparticles that can bind to and degrade specific disease-related proteins. This technology has the potential to treat diseases such as dementia and brain cancer by eliminating harmful proteins.
Researchers used a custom-designed microscope to image individual lunar regolith grains, revealing the carriers and origins of their magnetism. The study provides insights into the Moon's internal structure and thermal evolution history.
Researchers visualized how light is transformed inside a chiral metasurface in both real space and real-time, achieving nanometer spatial resolution and femtosecond temporal resolution. The team found that the asymmetric near fields are a genuine signature of the chiral geometry.
Researchers have made progress in creating human milk oligosaccharides through bioengineering, enabling the industrial-scale production of complex HMOs. This allows infant formula to mimic human milk's compositional complexity, potentially offering benefits for gut microbiota development and immune protection.
A Murdoch University review found that people with MS experience difficulties navigating society and feel ashamed about their condition. The study highlights gaps in the ICF framework, which may not capture the full emotional and social burden of living with MS.
A study from Flinders University found that patients with progressive disease, which describes the way cancer grows, have varying survival rates depending on whether their existing tumours re-grow or new ones appear. Understanding this progression can help doctors make better decisions about future treatment strategies.
A new study published in British Journal of Cancer found that reducing annual alcohol consumption by one litre per person could lower mortality from several major cancers. The strongest impacts were seen in people aged 50 and older, with estimates suggesting a substantial reduction in cancer-related deaths without preventive action.
Researchers have developed an on-chip nonlocal metasurface for color router, exploiting symmetry-broken quasi-bound states in the continuum to modulate light extraction intensity and spectral output. The approach achieves efficient, narrowband color routing while minimizing energy utilization efficiency loss from spatial multiplexing.
A team of astronomers has discovered a supermassive black hole with extreme growth rates, contradicting current models. The black hole is emitting bright X-rays and radio waves, hinting at unknown physical mechanisms. This finding provides a rare glimpse into time-variable black hole growth in the early Universe.
The ŌURA–NUS Joint Lab combines wearable biometric data with sleep science expertise to study how sleep and physical activity shape long-term health outcomes. The lab aims to generate insights that help individuals, clinicians, and health systems shift from reactive care to proactive preventive health.
A recent study by King's College London found that diagnosis rates for depression, asthma, and osteoporosis remained lower than expected after the COVID-19 pandemic. The study analyzed data from over 29 million people in England and found that diagnosis rates recovered differently across ethnic and socioeconomic groups.
Severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher rate of hospitalisation for respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Middle and older-aged adults are at a high risk of developing respiratory tract infections, which can lead to serious health issues.
A new study suggests that gaps in the nation's stroke transfer system reduce survivors' chances of receiving critical treatment and increase disability. Patients with longer delays in hospital transfer experienced worse disability after their stroke, highlighting missed opportunities for many stroke patients.
Researchers discovered that certain bacteria wrap their rotating flagella around their cell bodies to form a screw thread, allowing them to propel forward through narrow passages. This mechanism enables bacteria to navigate complex environments and even infect host insects.
Researchers have developed a recyclable photocatalyst that harnesses visible light to efficiently remove fulvic acid and other organic pollutants from water. The BiOCl MXene composite achieved removal rates of up to 98.43% for fulvic acid in just 30 minutes, with high durability and versatility.
The British Ecological Society has announced the winners of its Capturing Ecology photography competition. The top prize was awarded to a photographer who captured a striking image of a UK wetland ecosystem.
A recent study published in The Lancet Neurology found that patients with acute ischemic stroke who experience prolonged transfer times are more likely to leave the hospital with significant disability. The study of over 20,000 patients highlighted the need for shorter transfer times to improve patient outcomes.
A new study urges a realistic and systems-based path forward for biochar deployment, highlighting technical variability, policy gaps, and sustainability constraints. The authors argue that biochar can be a powerful tool when designed with its limits in mind, but only if viewed as critical infrastructure within a circular economy.
Researchers found that non-monetary honor-based incentives increased blood donation counts by 3.5% and 7.7% over time, with no significant effect on donor safety. The model, which grants frequent donors privileges such as free consultations, may be a sustainable strategy for addressing potential blood shortages.
Researchers identify a molecular target that enhances treatment for EGFR-mutant lung cancers prevalent in Asia. Disrupting this protective system can shrink tumors in laboratory models.
A clinical trial found that natural ovulation before frozen embryo transfer is as effective as hormone treatment in achieving a healthy baby by IVF, with a lower risk of maternal complications. The study involved 4,376 ovulatory women and showed similar outcomes for birth weight and newborn complications.
Researchers have developed a new composite material that stores and releases heat, reducing temperature swings in buildings. The engineered biochar-clay hybrid increased energy storage capacity by 223% and improved thermal conductivity, demonstrating potential for real-world applications.
A major clinical trial has shown that adding corticosteroids to standard antiviral treatment for encephalitis does not improve long-term outcomes, but early use may lead to better recovery. The treatment is also found to be safe for patients with suspected encephalitis.
Researchers discovered that a significant drop in calcium levels in the ocean led to a massive decrease in carbon dioxide, driving global cooling and ending the planet's greenhouse era. The study suggests that changes in seawater chemistry played a key role in shaping climate history.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that many hospital screening policies for late-career physicians lack basic fairness protections. The authors recommend creating policies that balance patient safety with fair treatment of physicians, including clear standards and appeal processes.
Researchers found no association between long term use of proton pump inhibitors and increased risk of stomach cancer. The study, which analyzed data from five Nordic countries over 26 years, suggests that patients needing long term proton pump inhibitor therapy may not need to worry about a higher risk of stomach cancer.
A recent critique of a high-profile Yellowstone aspen study highlights the challenges in measuring ecosystem response to wolf reintroduction. The original study reported a 152-fold increase in young aspen density, but a formal correction has shifted the figure down to 17.5-fold.
The PUMA trial will compare two invasive monitoring devices in open-heart surgery, with patient leaders guiding the research. The study aims to reduce unnecessary treatments, shorten ICU stays and cut healthcare costs.
Scientists at Northwestern University have determined the three-dimensional structures of rye pollen's cancer-fighting molecules, secalosides A and B. This breakthrough opens the door to exploring how these molecules interact with the immune system and could inspire new approaches to cancer therapy.
The six finalists apply advanced analytics to tackle critical challenges in sustainability, supply chain optimization and technology. Their solutions have generated significant value and improved performance across industries.
Researchers at UCI are developing a noninvasive way to assess lymphatic fluid flow using CT scans and blood-based markers, aiming to improve diagnosis and treatment of lymphatic diseases. The project could help physicians diagnose problems earlier and make more informed treatment decisions.
Marcelo W.B. Araujo has established the AADOCR Travel Award for New Clinical Investigators to support early-career researchers in dental, oral, and craniofacial research. The award aims to encourage travel to present research at AADOCR Annual Meetings.
A new study found that US forests have stored more carbon in the past two decades than at any time in the last century. Natural forces such as temperature, precipitation, and carbon fertilization are among the largest contributors to carbon gains, while human drivers like tree-planting and forest management also play a role.
Researchers have developed a method called PropMolFlow that can generate molecular candidates roughly 10 times faster than existing methods while maintaining accuracy. The breakthrough could lead to faster creation of pharmaceuticals, materials, and new technologies by specifying properties first and then finding structures.
Researchers at FRIB have measured proton capture on arsenic-73 to produce selenium-74, providing new constraints on the formation and destruction of p-nuclei. This experiment brings closer understanding of rare isotope origins in the universe.