Researchers successfully reversed the state of a quantum computer a fraction of a second into the past and calculated the probability of an electron in empty interstellar space spontaneously traveling back into its recent past. The phenomenon occurs due to a random fluctuation in the cosmic microwave background, with the reverse evolut...
A study published in the Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics found that organic acids produced by bacteria can extract six rare earth elements from synthetic phosphogypsum. This method could provide an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional methods, benefiting the US clean energy and electronics industries.
Researchers used cryo-EM to visualize the dynamic process of substrate processing in the human proteasome at unprecedented resolution, revealing single magnesium ions bound to ATP and ADP. The study provides novel insights into the complete cycle of substrate processing and suggests distinct modes of ATP hydrolysis.
The COMET Project aims to create a low-carbon special powertrain research center at TU Graz, focusing on CO2-neutral fuels, hybrid drive technology, and electric powertrain components. The four-year project is funded by six million euros and strengthens Austria's research and production location.
Researchers have created a quantum fridge with just three atoms, demonstrating the role of quantum effects in thermodynamics. The device, using heat to drive cooling without moving parts, achieves temperatures within 40 microKelvin of absolute zero.
Biomedical engineers at Duke University developed a framework to predict mutually beneficial biological systems using machine learning. They created a simplified metric to determine collective benefit using variables like temperature, pH, and genetics.
Experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates and optomechanical cavities reveal an increase in irreversibility due to quantum fluctuations. This counterintuitive discovery challenges current understanding of entropy production.
A team from Osaka University has made a groundbreaking discovery using non-cryogenic crystals to analyze protein conformational changes and thermodynamic properties. This breakthrough technique allows for precise temperature control, providing valuable insights into the structure and function of enzymes.
Researchers describe an extended quantum Maxwell's demon that violates the second law of thermodynamics in a system up to 5 meters away from the device. The demon channels entropy away from a target qubit, reducing its disorder without affecting its energy.
Researchers from Lobachevsky University developed a new diffusion-drift model to analyze the effect of ionizing radiation on submicron semiconductor devices. The locally non-equilibrium approximation accurately describes fast relaxation processes and calculates the probability of device failure.
Jimil Shah, a recent mechanical engineering doctoral graduate, is the recipient of the 2018 ASME Electronic and Photonic Packaging Division Student Engineer of The Year Award. He excelled in research and has shown promise to be a strong contributor in the field of electronic and photonic packaging.
Researchers studied thermodynamics of small nanomachines and found that synchronizing their movements triggers significant synergy effects, leading to greater overall energy output. The findings could potentially be used to improve efficiency of any machine.
Researchers study microscopic behavior of thermally stable SAdS black holes using Ruppeiner's thermodynamic geometry method, revealing attractive interactions among black-hole molecules. A new molecular potential is proposed for thermal stable SAdS black holes, providing a new perspective for exploring microstructure.
Researchers at Penn State successfully organized atoms in a lattice to lower entropy, which could aid in creating a quantum computer. This achievement uses uncharged atoms as qubits, enabling multiple states simultaneously and making computation more efficient.
Researchers introduce concept of 'live' process emerging from interactions between molecules and environment, identifying earliest hallmark of life. They suggest this process could lead to emergence of complex living organisms with characteristics currently known.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo have developed a working lithium-oxygen battery with near 100% coulombic efficiency. By addressing fundamental issues in thermodynamics, they achieved four-electron conversion, doubling electron storage and increasing theoretical energy density.
Researchers at University of Stuttgart are developing tools to make supercritical heat transfer more viable using high-performance computing and machine learning. They explore using carbon dioxide as a cleaner alternative to water in power plants, which could reduce hardware requirements by ten-fold.
Researchers have discovered that using information to extract work on a quantum scale is possible, but it comes with a catch: some information may be lost in the process. Quantum backaction allows researchers to measure particles without fully collapsing their superposition states, resulting in negative information.
The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) is funding seven new research units and two new humanities centers focused on pressing issues in various fields. The research units will explore topics such as quantum thermodynamics, sustainability, and pruritus, while the humanities centers will investigate the reciprocal influences of religi...
Linköping University researchers have developed a method to simulate the heart's function using CT scan data, which may revolutionize cardiovascular disease diagnosis. This technique allows for quick and easy investigations, enabling the study of blood flow in individual patients.
A team from Aalto University creates a miniature 'heat valve' in a quantum system, enabling the controlled exchange of energy with external surroundings. This breakthrough aims to improve the efficiency of quantum heat engines and refrigerators.
Graphene's high strength is accompanied by ultra-low bending rigidity, leading to rich morphology control. The scientists review the mechanics of defects in graphene and outline challenges for nanomechanics research.
A team of researchers from the Santa Fe Institute has published a paper on the thermodynamics of computation, which involves elements of statistical physics, computer science, cellular biology, and neurobiology. The study aims to understand how computers process information and reduce energy waste by optimizing computational processes.
At temperatures near absolute zero, systems of atoms violate basic laws of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. A novel non-equilibrium state, coined as dynamical glass phase, is observed where energy is not evenly distributed, leading to a new understanding of complex systems.
Researchers found that the efficiency of information processing cannot be increased indefinitely, with thermodynamic and information theory combining to identify key factors. Better understanding and tailored software can influence the limit.
The study reveals a clear correlation between structural order and dynamics in supercooled liquids, indicating that glass formation is thermodynamic. The researchers found that the link between slow alpha and fast beta modes has a common structural origin, resolving two issues at once.
Physicists Sebastian Deffner and Anthony Bartolotta developed techniques for describing the thermodynamics of very small systems with high energy, which could lead to a better understanding of the birth of the universe. They found that in their model system, the system was more likely to return multiple particles upon sending in just one.
Researchers have found that chaperones actively maintain proteins in a non-equilibrium but transiently stable state, even when thermodynamically unstable. This discovery challenges the long-held view that evolution has optimized protein function for thermodynamic stability.
Narlikar shares personal reminiscences on the evolution of cosmology over six decades, highlighting the increase in confidence in the standard model. However, he also notes that this model lacks independent observational support and an established theoretical base.
Astrophysicists develop model to test hypothesis about supermassive black holes and their impact on galaxy jets. The study suggests that part of the jet's power comes from the rotating black hole, which loses angular momentum as it emits energy. By measuring magnetic fields in jets, scientists can estimate this rotational energy loss.
Researchers at Tohoku University successfully recreated conditions similar to those in space without an electric field-trapping boundary. The study shows the electron gas expands adiabatically when electric fields are removed, demonstrating the extension of classical thermodynamics to out-of-equilibrium systems.
Researchers discovered that heat flow behaves like a viscous fluid when transitioning from metal to substrate, causing temperature spikes in electronic devices. This finding paves the way for better thermal management, improving processor performance and preventing 'hot spots',
Researchers propose 'anomalous moist enthalpy advection mechanism' to explain WNPAC formation. This new theory suggests that atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics drive WNPAC maintenance, rather than local air-sea interactions.
Researchers at Tohoku University have introduced a novel intermolecular surface force that explains the actomyosin driving mechanism. The discovery sheds new light on muscle contraction, highlighting a previously unexplained aspect of the myosin power stroke model.
University of Oregon researchers used computer simulations to study the evolution of proteins and found that basic physical limitations make uncertainty the norm. The team's findings confirm what many people in the field have observed: unpredictability is universal in biological systems.
A study published in Nature Quantum Materials suggests that observing a flow of energy or particles can alter its direction, defying classical thermodynamics. Researchers propose new strategies for designing quantum transport devices with direction control.
A new classification scheme for planetary stages based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics categorizes worlds by energy flow and life's effect. This framework, proposed by researchers, places Earth in Class IV due to its thick biosphere and strong impact from human activities.
A new study applies a maximum entropy theory of ecology to describe natural systems and communities without light-limitation parameters. The model, called MaxEnt, uses coarse information to derive detailed distributions and accurately describes ecological patterns.
Researchers at SISSA shed light on the microscopic origin of thermodynamics by showing that isolated systems exhibit increasing entropy due to entanglement with the rest of the system. This resolves the paradox between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics, providing new insights into the behavior of extended quantum systems.
Nebraska physicist Christian Binek discovered a formula that links magnetism to elasticity and temperature. This finding may enable engineers to design materials with tailored elasticity by manipulating magnetic properties or applying external fields.
A team led by Northwestern University's Erik Luijten and Steve Granick discovered a non-equilibrium system that quantitatively behaves like an equilibrium system. The finding could lead to a set of rules making it possible to predict the properties of non-equilibrium systems.
An international research team has successfully brought Maxwell's Demon to life using superconducting circuits. The team observed the demon gain useful energy from a thermodynamic system, bypassing the second law of thermodynamics, and tracked how information is stored in its memory.
A recent study by ICFO researchers found a hybridization effect at high energies that could manipulate vibrational states and engineer hybrid states with mechanical modes. This discovery has the potential to open up new possibilities for manipulating vibrational states, studying collective motion of highly tunable systems.
A new SBOL repository has been created to optimize metabolic processes and facilitate design of useful synthetic biological systems. The repository contains thousands of chemical compounds, enzyme classes, and metabolic reactions from nearly 4000 organisms.
Researchers at ETH Zurich and IBM Research Zurich have built a tiny redox flow battery that supplies electrical power and cools computer chip stacks simultaneously. The new micro-battery reaches record-high output and has potential applications in lasers, solar cells, and large energy storage systems.
Researchers from OIST Graduate University have developed a new approach to produce uniform iron nanocubes using magnetron-sputtering inert-gas condensation. These nanocubes exhibit high sensitivity and specificity in detecting NO2 gas, with potential applications in diagnosis of asthma patients and environmental pollution detection.
Researchers use simulation tools to analyze and optimize soft robotic systems, increasing their utility through predictive approaches and thermodynamic perspectives. The study highlights the importance of considering machine design and performance in achieving widespread adoption.
A team of researchers at Ohio State University has developed a device that converts waste heat into electricity, producing a voltage output 10 times higher than previous results. The innovation uses a composite material of nickel and platinum to amplify the voltage output through magnetism.
A team of scientists has determined a more precise version of the second law of thermodynamics and applied it to small quantum systems. The study found that violations of the law are rare, but can occur with significant probability in small quantum objects.
Argonne researchers posit way to locally circumvent Second Law of Thermodynamics, predicting conditions under which entropy might decrease on the microscopic level, potentially enabling a local quantum perpetual motion machine.
Researchers at UCLA have found that ions subjected to buffer gas cooling never truly reach the same temperature as the surrounding gas, defying classical thermodynamic principles. The study reveals multiple final temperatures and highlights the need for nuanced understanding of the buffer-gas cooling process.
Biological engineers at Cornell University have discovered a way to ferment carbon monoxide into ethanol using an anaerobic microbe. The process is controlled by thermodynamics rather than enzyme expression, making it a potential solution for producing biofuel from industrial waste gases.
The researchers will examine rapid solidification processes in aluminum alloys associated with laser or electron beam processing technologies. They hope to discover the mechanisms of how alloy microstructures evolve during solidification after laser melting, validating computer models and optimizing manufacturing processes.
Researchers at UCSB have uncovered a link between classical chaos and quantum entanglement using controllable quantum systems. Their findings suggest that thermalization is the driving force behind both chaos and entanglement in quantum systems, with implications for quantum computing.
A new model developed by researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University provides a fuller understanding of supercooled large droplet icing mechanisms. The model identifies a different icing mechanism than previously identified and incorporates heat generated from impact thermodynamics.
Researchers at Florida Atlantic University have developed novel protein inhibitors of MMPs, which could potentially treat cancer and other diseases. The inhibitors were designed to be specific to certain MMP targets, addressing the issue of side effects seen with previous synthetic inhibitors.
A team of physicists has developed a new method to calculate the thermodynamics of black holes, leveraging quantum gravity and holographic principles. The study proposes that a 'condensate' of space quanta can describe homogeneous classical geometries, allowing for a more realistic and robust calculation of black hole entropy.
Scientists have made significant breakthroughs in predicting weather and climate change by studying the fundamental thermodynamics of water droplets. Understanding how water droplets grow and interact with each other can help improve weather forecasts, but also has industrial relevance and applications.
Researchers create single-particle engine that can store and generate energy, operating at 0.3% efficiency with a power output of 10^-22 watts. The device has potential applications in quantum thermodynamics and nano engineering.
Researchers found that electron diffusivity plays a crucial role in harnessing thermoelectric power from waste heat. The study sheds light on the fundamental physical process behind this phenomenon.