Researchers found that precise timing patterns of brain activity distinguish between airflow-driven mechanical signals and those generated by odors. This discovery demonstrates the neural code underlying olfaction, revealing how neurons differentiate between air-flow information and odor information.
Researchers from RIKEN in Japan have discovered a new method to control magnets by manipulating the properties of virtual monopoles. By applying a magnetic field, they can control the behavior of north and south poles in frustrated magnets, leading to a dissipationless current.
Researchers at RIKEN and partner institutions have made the most precise measurement to date of the proton's magnetic moment, achieving a precision of less than one part per billion. The study used a combination of advanced engineering techniques and precise frequency measurements to isolate a single proton in a Penning trap.
Researchers from RIKEN discovered a way to control the properties of north and south poles in frustrated magnets using monopole currents. The system's conductivity can be controlled by applying magnetic fields, enabling efficient magnetism control with minimal energy loss.
Scientists found microcolumns in layer V of the cortex, which are synchronized neural activity units. These units could represent an essential computational unit in the brain, similar to parallel computers.
A new high-throughput system enables rapid and standardized mouse behavior and physiology studies, reducing experimental animal usage and time requirements. The system aims to facilitate reproducibility and data sharing, addressing issues of varying training protocols and data comparison across labs.
Researchers have discovered a cocktail of drugs that effectively eliminate acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by targeting key pathways. By simultaneously blocking two important pathways, the team was able to achieve complete elimination of AML in most cases tested.
Scientists have discovered that T cell activation leads to a depletion of amino acids in the blood, which in turn affects neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine, causing anxiety and fear responses. In mice without PD-1 receptor, they found behavioral changes dominated by anxiety and exacerbated fear responses.
The RIKEN-led BASE collaboration has measured the magnetic moment of the antiproton at unprecedented precision, finding it remarkably close to that of the proton. This result imposes strict limits on the possibility of CPT asymmetry, a key factor in the imbalance between matter and antimatter.
Researchers at RIKEN discovered a way to prevent liver cancer spread by treating with a modified fucose sugar. The treatment disrupts biological pathways, blocking hepatoma cells from invading healthy liver cells and suppressing migration, but not proliferation.
Researchers found that new mutations in iPS cells are concentrated in non-transcriptional regions of the genome, which are sensitive to oxidative stress. This suggests that these mutations may not lead to cancer-related adverse effects.
Researchers used a mathematical model to determine how cone cells in zebrafish arrange themselves into specific patterns. Small defects in the patterns lead to only one of two possible arrangements, emerging from differences in adhesion force between cells.
Researchers from RIKEN and University of Tokyo created ultra-thin photovoltaic devices coated with stretchable and waterproof films. The new device has shown strong energy efficiency, resistance to water, and durability under compression, opening the way for wearable solar cells.
Scientists at RIKEN Brain Science Institute discovered that emotional and flexible learning rely on noradrenaline's division of labor in the brain. Two types of learning - fear learning and extinction - require distinct populations of neurons, with different projections to the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex.
Researchers at RIKEN Brain Science Institute discovered that prenatal lack of DHA and AA fatty acids can lead to offspring developing schizophrenic-like symptoms as adults. The study found epigenetic changes in gene expression, affecting nuclear receptor genes and oligodendrocyte-related genes, which may be traced back to DNA methylation.
Researchers at RIKEN Brain Science Institute identified two separate pathways in the fly brain that process landmark locations and self-motion independently. This discovery sheds light on how animals navigate their environment using cues like landmarks and memories.
The FANTOM5 project has created an extensive atlas of microRNA expression in human primary cells, providing insights into the intricate regulatory network governing cellular function and behavior. The atlas reveals thousands of new genomic loci producing short RNAs, which may constitute a novel class of regulatory short RNAs.
Research finds that a neural stopover in the subiculum is necessary for retrieving episodic memories, but not forming them. Activating or inhibiting this pathway affects memory recall and stress hormone levels related to fear responses.
Researchers used baker's yeast to test natural compounds from soil-based bacteria, discovering diverse agents affecting various cell processes. These compounds may be used to treat conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cancer.
Physicists from Germany and Japan made a precise measurement of the proton's mass, improving it by a factor of three and correcting the existing value. The resulting mass is significantly smaller than current standards, providing insight into fundamental physical theories.
Researchers have developed a method to visualize cancer metastasis in whole organs at the single-cell level, enabling early detection of dormant or resistant cancer cells. This breakthrough uses transparent mice and advanced imaging techniques to create 3-D maps of cancer cells throughout the body and organs.
Researchers discovered a biological pathway that allows plants to produce acetate when water is scarce, increasing drought tolerance. Vinegar treatment increased plant survival rates by over 70% in various crops, offering a promising, non-genetically modified solution.
Researchers have discovered two competing quantum shapes in a neutron-rich krypton isotope, 98Kr, which exhibits a gentle onset of deformation with added neutrons. This finding challenges current understanding of nuclear shapes and provides insight into the limits of quantum phase transition regions.
Researchers found that increasing serotonergic activity in a mouse model of autism improved social behavior and reduced abnormal brain activity. The study suggests that serotonin may be potentially therapeutic for discrete ASD symptoms.
Researchers find strong support for neutrino-driven supernova explosions, where neutrinos power the blast. The study confirms the theory using computer simulations and observations of radioactive elements in Cassiopeia A.
Researchers discovered 'event cells' in the hippocampus that represent sequences of events, facilitating episodic memory. The study found that the brain's theta cycle phase precession plays a crucial role in organizing these event sequences.
Researchers combined data from three spacecraft to show that Jupiter's brightest auroral features are powered by both volcanic moon Io and interaction with the solar wind. The energy is transferred at speeds approaching 400-800 km/s, challenging previous assumptions about magnetic fields' dominance.
Scientists have observed a surprising competition between electromagnetic and neutron decay modes in a tin-133 nucleus. The discovery suggests that nuclear structure effects play a more significant role than previously thought, potentially altering our understanding of nuclear synthesis and the creation of heavy elements.
Researchers have identified a novel adenosine receptor gene, A2c, that mediates the appetizing smell of fish food in zebrafish and other aquatic vertebrates. This receptor is highly sensitive to ATP and related compounds, triggering foraging behaviors.
Researchers found that CA2 maintains inhibition in connected networks, suppressing signaling and preventing hyperexcitability. Without CA2, mice experience epilepsy-like activity and seizures, highlighting the region's role in regulating brain balance.
A study by RIKEN Brain Science Institute found that remembering goal locations in virtual reality requires the same brain parts as in real life, using a mouse model. The researchers used virtual reality to test how mice learned spatial routes, finding that mice with a protein deficiency performed poorly.
Researchers have created a promising mouse model for the devastating genetic disorder NGLY1 deficiency. The double-deletion mice survive and exhibit symptoms analogous to humans with the condition, making them useful for testing potential therapies.
The study provides detailed insights into the function of IP3R, a molecular train station controlling cell functions. The new crystal structure reveals how IP3 signals trigger the opening of the Ca2+ channel, shedding light on long-range communication mechanisms.
Research finds atomic carbon in young star systems' debris disks, indicating minimal hydrogen presence. This suggests the gas is generated through collisions rather than being primordial.
Researchers found evidence of long-lasting engram cells in the frontal part of the brain, which mature as new memories become permanent. These cells were activated naturally only after weeks of conditioning, suggesting a maturation process that requires input from hippocampal engram cells.
A new technique combining machine learning and microfabrication enables researchers to study stem cell differentiation in a controlled environment. By using an agarose gel confinement system, scientists can maintain long-lasting spatial confinement for up to 15 days.
Scientists at RIKEN developed transgenic rice strains that resist drought stress, showing higher yields and increased biomass. The modified rice lines produced more galactinol, a key osmoprotectant, to cope with water loss, leading to improved drought tolerance.
Researchers identified neurons in the amygdala that promote reward-related behaviors and suppress fear responses, finding that appetitive behaviors are driven by the same circuitry as defensive behaviors. The study reveals a push-pull mechanism in the brain regulating emotional states and behaviors.
A comprehensive atlas of human long non-coding RNAs shows that nearly 2,000 have potential involvement in diseases and genetic traits. The research suggests that many long non-coding RNAs are generated from enhancer elements, deepening the understanding of their origins.
Researchers identified sections of DNA associated with altered gene expression in schizophrenia, pointing to alternative splicing as a contributing mechanism. The study found four disease susceptibility genes impacted through splicing regulation, including NEK4 and FXR1.
Researchers observed a protostar and found that gas can shed angular momentum by being cast into the vertical direction, creating a 'traffic jam' near the centrifugal barrier. This behavior aligns with calculations using a ballistic model, shedding light on the dynamics of stellar formation.
Scientists have improved measurements of the antiproton's magnetic moment, finding it extremely close to that of the proton with six-fold higher accuracy. The findings suggest the standard model of particle physics holds up, contradicting theories on baryonic asymmetry.
A new transplant technique has successfully restored vision in mice with inherited retinal degeneration. The technique uses 3D retinal sheets derived from mouse embryonic stem cells, which develop normal structure and connectivity, allowing the growth of functional photoreceptors that connect to host cells and send visual signals.
Bacteriorhodopsin, a key protein in cell membranes, uses light to transport protons and create a charge difference. Researchers used time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography to determine the proton pump mechanism, shedding light on a long-standing debate.
Researchers at RIKEN create genetic knock-out rescue mice to study circadian timekeeping and identify key sites in the CRY1 gene that affect the duration of the circadian period. They find that specific mutations near the p-loop region influence phosphorylation levels, leading to longer or shorter circadian periods.
Researchers developed glycocluster-based diagnostic tools with better selectivity and precision than current tracers. Heterogeneous glycoclusters exhibited special properties, such as rapid transport to the intestine for excretion or selective accumulation in the liver.
Daily torpor, a hibernation-like state, is influenced by reduced sensitivity of the thermoregulatory system. Researchers developed an individualized system to detect periods of daily torpor and found that reduced sensitivity was the major factor contributing to this phenomenon.
A neural circuit in the amygdala processes pain-related signals to set emotional memory strength and expectation levels. Disrupting this circuit can lead to hyper-emotional memories, such as those experienced by individuals with PTSD. The study suggests that similar circuits may perturb expectations in anxious people.
Researchers have decoded the genome of Chinese licorice, a plant crucial in traditional Chinese medicine and natural sweetener. The study reveals the plant's genetic blueprint, which may facilitate the creation of sustainably bred strains with high glycyrrhizin content.
Researchers have discovered that schizophrenia-linked gene deletions alter the brain's ability of stem cells to differentiate into neurons and astrocytes. HiPSCs from patients with schizophrenia exhibit reduced neurogenesis and increased glial cell production compared to healthy controls.