Articles tagged with Randomization
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A cluster randomized factorial trial found that training and support have a lasting impact on primary care clinicians' delivery of screening and advice to heavy drinkers. The study suggests that repeated training and support can lead to an increase in the volume of brief interventions delivered to heavy drinking patients.
A randomized trial of whole genome sequencing in healthy primary care patients reveals that nearly a fifth carry pathogenic variants for rare diseases. While anxiety remains low, participants incur more medical tests and healthcare expenses following disclosure of results.
Researchers at Cleveland Clinic conducted the first randomized controlled trial of DBS for neuropathic pain, targeting brain structures related to emotion and behavior. The study showed significant improvements in indices of depression, anxiety, and quality of life, suggesting a potential shift away from analgesia-based treatments.
A randomized controlled trial found that online pulmonary rehabilitation was non-inferior to in-person classes in improving exercise capacity and symptom control among patients with moderate COPD. The study used the MyPR application, which is free for UK patients with advanced COPD.
The EURO-CTO trial found that PCI had a higher procedural success rate (86.3%) and lower procedural risk compared to optimized medical therapy. Patients treated with PCI also showed significant improvements in clinical symptoms and quality of life, while those on medical therapy experienced less pronounced improvements.
The RICMAC trial found that dose-reduced conditioning followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation improved overall and relapse-free survival for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Engraftment rates were comparable between the two groups, with higher non-relapse mortality after standard conditioning.
A randomized clinical trial found that ivabradine did not improve outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Elevated heart rate is a predictive factor of worse outcomes in these patients, contradicting previous research that suggested benefits for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
A major randomized study by Karolinska Institutet found that the most common combined oral contraceptive pill negatively affects women's quality of life without increasing depressive symptoms. The study involved 340 healthy women who reported lower mood/well-being and self-control after taking the pill compared to those given placebos.
A new study found that adding a third oral antihyperglycemic agent to metformin and sitagliptin can improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients, overcoming 'clinical inertia' and allowing more than 60% of patients to reach the target HbA1c level. The study, which included over 7,800 participants, also found that the addition o...
A recent study found that multivitamin supplements did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older men, regardless of their initial dietary intake or nutritional status. The Physicians' Health Study II, a large-scale randomized clinical trial, investigated this potential benefit over an 11-year period.
A randomized clinical trial will compare surgery and non-operative therapy for patients with rotator cuff tears, considering factors such as age and tear size. The study aims to inform patient care and provide evidence-based information for better health decisions.
A randomized trial found that prenatal DHA supplementation had no effect on cognitive, language, and motor development in children at 7 years of age. The study also revealed a possible negative impact on parent-rated behavior and executive functioning.
A new study aims to identify factors that result in long-term diabetes remission and better blood sugar control after bariatric surgery. Researchers will follow up with approximately 242 patients over five years to analyze hormone secretion, metabolism, and complications.
A telephone-delivered collaborative care program improved health-related quality of life and anxiety symptoms in primary care patients compared to usual care. The intervention also produced significant improvements in mood symptoms, with African-Americans and men reporting the greatest levels of improvement.
A study found that infants with a genetic polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene are more susceptible to a psychosocial intervention promoting maternal-infant attachment. The probability of secure attachment was significantly higher in those with the short allele of the serotonin transporter gene, compared to controls.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that vitamin D supplementation results in a 12% reduction in the proportion of participants experiencing at least one acute respiratory tract infection. Daily or weekly doses show greater benefit, particularly in those with severe vitamin D deficiency.
Researchers compared two suture types for cesarean wound closure and found that poliglecaprone reduces wound complications. The study involved 550 patients and found a significantly lower rate of complications with monocryl suture compared to vicryl suture.
A new study published in the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting found that a weight loss intervention did not improve pregnancy outcomes despite reducing maternal weight gain. The study, MOMFIT, tested an intensive lifestyle behavioral intervention to help overweight and obese women limit gestational weight gain.
Researchers compared skin closure methods using glue (Dermabond) versus sutures in a randomized controlled trial. No significant differences were found in wound complications or scar healing between the two groups, suggesting both methods can be safe and successful for skin closure after cesarean delivery.
A randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial investigated the effects of recombinant antithrombin on gestation duration and neonatal morbidity in expectantly managed patients with early onset preeclampsia. No improvement was found in outcomes, with no reported safety events related to Recombinant Antithrombin.
The use of antimicrobial sutures coated with triclosan has been shown to reduce the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) by 39%. Additionally, economic analysis reveals a significant average cost savings per procedure of £91.25 when using triclosan-coated sutures.
A recent randomized trial compared active monitoring, surgery, and radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. The study's results may be limited by differences in the active monitoring protocol and advances in treatment methods.
A randomized, Phase III study will enroll 600 people with suboptimal diets to evaluate the effects of a specific diet on cognitive abilities and brain health. The MIND diet, which includes foods like fish, berries, nuts, and leafy greens, aims to improve brain health by developing new dietary guidelines.
A new study published in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy found that capsule endoscopy can effectively rule out active upper GI bleeding or high-risk lesions in patients presenting with symptoms of possible UGIB. This reduces unnecessary hospital admissions and improves patient outcomes.
A recent randomized controlled trial found that high-dose baclofen added little to the effect of psychosocial treatment in patients with alcohol dependence. The study, involving 151 patients, showed no significant differences in relapse rates between groups receiving different doses of baclofen or placebo.
A study published in BMJ Open found that many fertility clinics make unsubstantiated claims about treatments beyond standard IVF procedures. The researchers identified a lack of supporting evidence cited by websites and clinics, with only a few interventions having moderate quality evidence to support their benefits.
Shuffler, a new program, continuously scrambles code to prevent hackers from exploiting bugs and carrying out malicious activities. The technique is faster and more user-friendly than existing solutions, making it a promising defense against cyber attacks.
Researchers at Princeton University developed a method called Knockout Sudoku, which quickly and affordably creates whole-genome knockout collections. This allows for the exploration of genetics outside of model organisms, making it a powerful tool for advancing genetic research.
The SENTINEL trial found that the Sentinel device was safe during TAVR but did not meet its primary efficacy endpoint of reducing median new lesion volume on MRI. Despite this, embolic protection resulted in a reduction of new lesion volume after adjusting for confounders.
The EXCEL trial found that drug-eluting stents are a viable alternative to CABG for patients with LMCAD, with fewer MIs and less bleeding within 30 days. However, more repeat revascularization procedures were required at three years.
Researchers from Binghamton University have found a vulnerability in the Haswell CPU component that allows hackers to gain control of individual, company, and government computers. The team identified a weak point in address space layout randomization (ASLR) software that can be exploited by manipulating a CPU's branch predictor.
A recent analysis of the ACTIVE trial results shows that abaloparatide-SC provides consistent protection against bone fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, regardless of baseline bone density or age. The therapy has been found to reduce fractures and increase bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
The AABB has issued updated guidelines for red blood cell storage time and transfusion use, citing analysis of over 5,000 patients across 13 randomized clinical trials. The new recommendations suggest that stored blood is as safe as fresh blood for stable hospitalized patients.
A randomized controlled trial involving over 300 informal health care providers in West Bengal found that training increased correct case management for ailments like angina, diarrhea, and asthma. However, the training did not significantly affect drug prescribing behavior, including antibiotic overprescription.
The Lancet review highlights the importance of statin therapy in preventing cardiovascular disease. Lowering cholesterol by 2 mmol/L with a low-cost statin can prevent major cardiovascular events in patients with pre-existing vascular disease or those at increased risk.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that an implanted nerve stimulator significantly improves symptoms of central sleep apnea, reducing events per hour by half or more for 51% of patients. The device also showed improvement in other sleep measures and overall quality of life, with only minor discomfort reported.
The PRAGUE-18 trial found prasugrel and ticagrelor to be equally safe and effective for treating ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients. The study randomized 1,230 STEMI patients to receive either prasugrel or ticagrelor prior to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).
A pan-European study found that personalized nutrition advice led to significant improvements in diet quality, including reduced red meat consumption and increased folate intake. Participants who received personalized guidance had better health outcomes compared to those receiving generic dietary advice.
A multicenter randomized study of 164 patients with knee osteoarthritis found no significant reduction in pain and function impairment from chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate therapy. The results suggest that additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of this combination for treating knee osteoarthritis.
A large randomized study found that a short period of bed rest after intrauterine insemination has no beneficial effect on pregnancy rates, contrary to previous small studies. The results suggest that immobilization after IUI may even hinder fertility in some cases, rendering recommendations for prolonged bed rest obsolete.
A phase III trial found that chemoradiotherapy after surgery for gastric cancer (GC) does not achieve better outcomes than post-operative chemotherapy. The study, which involved 788 patients, showed equivalent five-year survival rates of 40.8% in both treatment arms.
A new clinical trial shows that modulating brain plasticity can partially restore vision in patients with glaucoma and optic nerve damage after 10 days of noninvasive stimulation. The treatment improved visual acuity, reading, mobility, and orientation, with benefits stable two months later.
Researchers found that exposure to triclosan through household products did not significantly affect the gut or oral microbiome. The study, published in mSphere, suggests that people can safely use triclosan-containing toothpaste without worrying about its impact on their microbiome.
A randomized controlled trial found that additional palliative care support did not reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression, or PTSD in family caregivers. Instead, effective communication by ICU physicians was associated with high family satisfaction and quality of care.
A new long-acting cardioplegia solution has been shown to reduce cardiopulmonary bypass times and aortic cross-clamp durations, leading to faster recovery times and shorter ICU stays. The study found improved postoperative cardiac function and reduced morbidity in pediatric patients undergoing heart surgery.
A randomized study found that motivational interviewing-based health coaching reduced COPD-related readmission rates by 7.5% in the first month and 11% at 3 months post-discharge, leading to improved disease-specific quality of life.
A randomized controlled trial found online computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT) to be an effective treatment for anxiety and depression. The study, led by the University of Pittsburgh, showed that CCBT programs can provide significant improvements in mood and anxiety symptoms, even when used alone or in combination with int...
A randomized study found that chemoradiotherapy did not improve overall survival compared to chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, contradicting prior expectations. The study also showed no significant difference between gemcitabine and gemcitabine plus erlotinib treatments.
A study published in JAMA found that a multifaceted quality improvement intervention involving daily checklists and clinician prompting did not reduce in-hospital mortality among critically ill patients in ICUs. The intervention improved adherence to guidelines, reduced infections, and clinical outcomes, but its impact on mortality was...
The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine recommends the use of antenatal corticosteroids to improve outcomes for babies at risk of preterm birth in the late preterm period. The recommendations are based on a randomized trial that found significant benefits in reducing neonatal respiratory complications and other adverse outcomes.
The American Heart Association recommends a wearable automatic defibrillator as an option for patients at risk of sudden cardiac death due to erratic heart rhythms. This device can provide a short-term alternative to an ICD and is especially suitable for patients who cannot undergo surgery.
A study published in JAMA found that mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and cognitive behavioral therapy resulted in greater improvement in back pain and functional limitations compared to usual care. MBSR focused on increasing awareness of moment-to-moment experiences, including physical discomfort and difficult emotions.
Researchers found that integrating motivational interviewing (MI) with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) improves long-term patient improvement rates for severe generalized anxiety disorder. MI helps patients address ambivalence and resistance, leading to better outcomes over a one-year follow-up period.
A new Canadian guideline recommends fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) every two years or flexible sigmoidoscopy every 10 years for routine screening of colorectal cancer in asymptomatic, low-risk adults aged 50-74. The guideline also recommends against colonoscopy as a primary screening tool, citing lack of direct evidence.
Researchers found a 33% reduction in malnutrition incidence when children were given ready-to-use therapeutic food, compared to control groups. Supplementation with micronutrients showed no significant benefit.
A new study found that Taser shocks can impair cognitive functioning, including memory and processing information. The research suggests that suspects may not be able to waive their Miranda rights after being Tased, leading to questions about the timing of police interrogations.
A University of Missouri researcher found only 10 clinical trials conducted in U.S. hospices since 1985, highlighting a need for more evidence-based care.
A randomized clinical trial found that high-flavanol chocolate improved uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index but did not decrease the risk of preeclampsia or improve placental weight. The results suggest that flavanol content may not be the sole factor behind chocolate's effects during pregnancy.
Researchers found that adding azithromycin to standard antibiotics reduced post-C-section delivery infections and severe adverse events in high-risk women. The study used a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial involving over 17,000 women.
Researchers found that antenatal betamethasone reduced respiratory complications, prolonged ICU stays, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in late-preterm babies. The study enrolled 2,831 women at high risk for preterm delivery and showed a significant decrease in neonatal respiratory morbidities.