Articles tagged with Medical Diagnosis
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Women with frozen eggs and ovarian tissue had more children after breast cancer diagnosis compared to those without fertility preservation. The study highlights the importance of reproductive counseling for young breast cancer patients.
Researchers developed an AI-based prediction model for early diagnosis of opioid use disorder using commercial claim data from 2006-2018. The tool led to average diagnoses 14.4 months earlier than clinical diagnosis.
A study of 214 children found that final diagnoses differ from referral diagnoses in 54% of cases, with asthma being the most common cause. Inhaling medication was prescribed to 91% of children with a final diagnosis of asthma, while physiotherapy was recommended for 50% of those with dysfunctional breathing.
A study analyzing US cancer data reveals patients from rural regions and lower-income households often have advanced liver cancer at diagnosis and face higher mortality rates. This highlights the need for targeted quality improvement interventions to address healthcare disparities affecting these populations.
A team of plant pathologists developed a comprehensive guide for diagnosing cucurbit downy mildew, caused by the obligate pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis. The guide provides written and graphic material to help identify symptoms and diagnose the disease using DNA testing and microscopy.
A new study finds that focal epilepsy, affecting one in 26 American adults, is often overlooked due to subtle symptoms. Early diagnosis can lead to fewer car accidents, with the researchers estimating 1,816 preventable accidents annually worldwide.
A German study found that only 2.6% of asylum seekers received a diagnosis for depression, while 1.4% received a diagnosis for anxiety disorder and 2.9% for PTSD symptoms. Many diagnosed individuals did not receive treatment, highlighting the need for urgent improvements in mental health care.
Researchers found a significant association between prior psychiatric diagnoses and increased mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The study evaluated the link between pre-existing mental health conditions and COVID-19-related deaths, providing new insights into the impact of psychiatric diagnosis on patient outcomes.
A study led by UC Davis Health researchers found that diabetic ketoacidosis is associated with cognitive problems in children, including lower long-term memory and IQ. The study also showed that repeated episodes of DKA can lead to worsening cognitive deficits over time.
A study by University College London researchers found that hospitals in England missed diagnoses for severe mental illnesses in over a quarter of cases. People from ethnic minority groups were more likely to have previously diagnosed mental illnesses go unnoticed by medical staff, but the situation is improving.
Patients with a first-time depression diagnosis have an increased risk of worsening and requiring hospitalisation if they have previously been treated for a physical disease at a hospital. The risk is also influenced by age and the number of physical diseases, with more diseases under 65 increasing the risk.
A National Institutes of Health-funded study found that people with substance use disorders are more susceptible to COVID-19 and its complications. Individuals with a recent SUD diagnosis were more likely to develop COVID-19 and experience worse outcomes than those without an SUD.
A new study suggests that children and adolescents diagnosed with white-coat hypertension may progress to sustained hypertension if not monitored regularly. White-coat hypertension is a condition where blood pressure increases only in a doctor's office, but its impact on kids is unclear.
A Swedish study of 381 patients with low-grade brain tumors found that just 28% returned to full-time employment within a year. Factors associated with lower return rates included advanced age, functional level, and previous sick leave.
Older caregivers of newly diagnosed dementia patients experience a 30% increase in depressive symptoms, which persists over two years. This is significantly higher than those without a partner diagnosis, with an additional 27-33% increase depending on the length of caregiving time.
A nationwide Danish study found that individuals with hospital-diagnosed overweight or obesity have a 60% higher risk of dying compared to the general population. The risk of dying was highest within the first year of diagnosis and remained markedly higher over the whole study period.
Researchers found that quitters had a 30% lower probability of stroke and 16% reduced likelihood of all-cause death compared to current smokers. Quitting smoking significantly lowers the risk of stroke for people with atrial fibrillation, according to a new study.
An international team has successfully mapped the global distribution of the coronal magnetic field for the first time. Using observations from the Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter, they applied a technique called magnetoseismology to infer the average magnitudes of the magnetic field in the corona.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation's Skeletal Rare Diseases Academy Awards recognized five young researchers for their high-quality research on rare disorders of the skeleton. The winners received a certificate and grant, valued at $1000, in recognition of their outstanding contributions.
A new study suggests that standard risk-adjustment methodologies have unfairly penalized rural hospitals, leading to inaccurate comparisons with non-rural hospitals. CAHs submitted significantly fewer hospital diagnosis codes due to differences in Medicare reimbursements.
Researchers found that having two mutated copies of TP53 gene worsens the prognosis of myelodysplastic syndrome, a blood cancer. This study confirms that TP53 mutation status is the most important variable in predicting disease course.
Researchers at Royal Ontario Museum and McMaster University diagnosed osteosarcoma, an aggressive bone cancer, in a Centrosaurus apertus dinosaur fossil. The diagnosis was made possible by advanced imaging techniques and microscopic analysis of the fossil bone.
A Kansas State University study is the first to confirm that SARS-CoV-2 cannot be transmitted to people by mosquitoes, debunking a long-standing theory. The virus was found unable to replicate in three common mosquito species, ruling out human transmission via these vectors.
Emanuela Marasco and her team aim to diagnose COVID-19 through sweat metabolites, leveraging machine learning algorithms and advanced image processing techniques. Their proposed detector will be compared to traditional tampon-based testing methods, potentially revolutionizing non-invasive diagnosis.
A new study published in eLife found that twins who survive the loss of their co-twin are at an elevated risk of psychiatric disorders in both the short and longer term. The risk is highest for identical twins and those who experienced a co-twin's death during childhood or young adulthood.
A new early autism screening system has improved access to evaluations and lowered the age of diagnosis, with a mean age of 30 months compared to national average of 48-plus months. The system was developed in collaboration with healthcare professionals across Indiana, enabling primary care physicians to identify children at risk for ASD.
Researchers found that Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act is associated with improved breast cancer stage at diagnosis. The study also revealed disparities in insurance status, age, and race/ethnicity among patients before and after the expansion.
A new study found COVID-19 has a disproportionate impact on minority and non-English speaking communities, with increased risk of diagnosis and death in rural and urban counties. The study highlights the need for standardized collection of sociodemographic characteristics and targeted interventions to address these disparities.
Researchers propose PANDAS, a type of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder, as a possible cause of sudden childhood OCD cases. The study identifies antibodies binding to interneurons in the brain as a key factor contributing to the disorder.
The USPSTF recommends screening for unhealthy drug use in adults 18 or older to prevent fatal overdoses, injuries, and disability. The recommendation replaces the 2008 statement finding insufficient evidence, citing a significant cause of preventable death in 2017.
Researchers have created a distributed sensor fault diagnosis algorithm to detect and isolate multiple sensor faults in large-scale HVAC systems. The algorithm can be applied to both existing Building Management Systems and plug-in IoT systems, notifying users and operators about faulty measurements and sensor locations.
A new study estimates that approximately one in ten people in the US with symptoms caused by major vascular events, infections, or cancers will be misdiagnosed. The study found that these conditions are among the most frequently misdiagnosed, resulting in significant harm and disability.
A £100,000 project is harnessing Artificial Intelligence to accelerate ADHD diagnosis in UK adults, addressing the growing wait times for treatments. The AI-powered system can identify clear-cut cases, reducing the need for further assessment and enabling clinicians to prioritize those who require additional support.
A new online calculator predicts the risk of death and long-term care admission for patients with dementia based on simple questions at diagnosis. The study found that older age, male sex, and organ failure are key predictors of mortality and institutionalization.
Researchers found signs of autoimmunity in Parkinson's patients years before diagnosis, providing potential for early detection and treatment. The study also showed that immune responses change over time, with more aggressive cells initially causing damage.
A study found that UK healthcare policies restricting access for non-UK born patients may lead to delays in TB diagnosis and treatment. The median time to treatment increased by 20 days after the policy was introduced.
Patients with lung cancer in China who knew their diagnosis survived longer than those who did not, with a median survival time of 18.33 months versus 8.77 months. The study suggests that full disclosure of cancer diagnoses can benefit patients in the long term with proper communication and support.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet and Columbia University finds that celiac disease is associated with increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease. The study examined almost 50,000 patients with celiac disease and found a 21% increase in overall mortality compared to controls.
A literature review suggests that depressive disorders in people with HIV/AIDS are vastly underdiagnosed and untreated. Evidence-based recommendations are available to improve assessment and management of these conditions, focusing on proper diagnosis, treatment, and addressing special challenges such as stigma and adherence.
A study found that the number of US adults at high risk for vision loss increased significantly between 2002 and 2017. The estimated number rose to over 93 million in 2017, with a majority having diabetes or eye problems, highlighting the need for improved awareness of eye care.
A new study finds that machine learning algorithms can accurately diagnose mastitis origin and reduce mastitis levels on dairy farms. The technique achieved a classification accuracy of 98% for environmental vs contagious mastitis and 78% for lactation vs dry period environmental mastitis.
Researchers at Flinders University have developed a new measure for excessive buying problems, the Excessive Buying Rating Scale (EBRS), to assess severity and predict predictors of problematic buying. Strong beliefs about the benefits of buying were significant predictors, while gender and age also played a role.
A smart contact lens has been developed to monitor xerophthalmia and high intraocular pressure disease, providing real-time color changes based on moisture and pressure levels. The device features periodic nanostructures within a biocompatible hydrogel matrix, offering superior biosafety and comfort.
A general framework for automatic diagnosis of manufacturing systems was proposed, using convolutional neural networks to extract hidden degradation features from noisy time-course data. The framework performed well in benchmark applications and can be applied in diverse contexts.
A new study found that less than 5% of children and teenagers who tested positive for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) had been previously diagnosed with the illness. The prevalence of pediatric ME/CFS was found to be higher among African American and Latinx youth.
A new study analyzing the first 1,000 participants in the Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART) identifies key trends in the presentation and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Girls with autism receive a diagnosis, on average, nearly 1.5 years later than boys, likely due to advanced language abilities.
A new study published in JAMA Oncology finds that lack of insurance coverage is a major cause of delayed breast cancer screening and treatment among minority women. The research highlights the need for adequate health insurance to reduce racial outcome disparities in breast cancer.
Developed a patch-based health diagnosis sensor system that collects various health information in real-time by monitoring biosignals and certain movements. The sensor's stable structure mimics snake motions, spider webs, and paper craft, making it durable despite intense body movements.
A new educational outreach training package has shown effectiveness in managing respiratory diseases like COPD and asthma in Brazil. The Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK) provides basic, cost-effective ways to diagnose and treat these common, severe diseases.
A team of scientists from Massachusetts General Hospital has developed an algorithm to estimate dementia risk using EHRs, predicting new diagnoses up to eight years in advance. The tool uses machine learning and NLP to analyze clinical terms and estimate patient risk.
A new tool developed by researchers at Karolinska Institutet and the Netherlands predicts a person's survival probability after dementia diagnosis over three years. The tool provides clear tables for primary care physicians and specialist clinics to estimate post-diagnosis life expectancy based on easily identifiable factors.
A new machine learning app developed by Houston Methodist aims to prevent severe fall-related injuries and death in patients. The AI technology uses clinical parameters and demographics to predict risk and triggers tailored interventions.
A study by Dr. Ingo Helmich and his team found significant differences in non-verbal gestures and behavior between athletes with and without concussion, providing a new tool for improving diagnosis. These findings suggest that motion quality presentation gestures can offer insight into post-concussion motor sensory experience.
Researchers developed two spectral-based techniques to evaluate cervical tissue changes before labor, improving diagnostic capabilities. The study identified one technique as more effective in detecting these changes.
Researchers found that using diet pills and laxatives for weight control increased the odds of receiving a subsequent first eating disorder diagnosis by 80% and 320%, respectively. The study calls for policies to restrict access to these products, including banning their sale to minors.
A new cascade of care model for Rhode Island aims to improve treatment for opioid use disorder by defining five stages of care and estimating gaps in care. The model highlights a significant gap between diagnosis and linkage to treatment, with only half of diagnosed individuals initiating medication-based treatment.
Research reveals that only one LDL subclass causes significant damage, while others are harmless. Accurate diagnosis using LDL subclass composition could improve cardiovascular disease rates.
Researchers at Penn State combined geostationary satellites and traditional weather radar to create a system that produces the best forecasts for severe thunderstorms. The study found that assimilating satellite and radar data simultaneously leads to the most accurate predictions, with warning times increased by up to 40 minutes.
Patients with Down syndrome arthropathy experience a 11.5-month delay in diagnosis from symptom onset, and optimal therapy remains unclear due to medication intolerance and ineffectiveness. The study aims to raise awareness and improve screening for this condition.
An observational study of nearly 16,000 older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) found that higher doses of the muscle relaxant baclofen were associated with a greater risk of hospitalization due to encephalopathy. The study suggests that patients with CKD may need closer monitoring when prescribed baclofen.