Articles tagged with Carcinoma
A new study by Flinders University researchers found that antibiotic use is directly associated with worse survival rates in patients with urothelial carcinoma treated with atezolizumab. The study suggests antibiotics may specifically reduce the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies, highlighting a need for extra caution when using t...
A new study identifies key genes driving fibrolamellar carcinoma, a rare and deadly liver cancer. Researchers developed a cell model to test combination therapy strategies, including inhibitors of genes SLC16A14 and CA12, which showed promising results in killing tumor cells.
A study published in BJS Open found that mortality rates from colorectal cancer surgery are significantly higher in smaller hospitals with lower annual case numbers. Hospitals performing more operations per year have better patient survival rates, likely due to increased access to specialized care and equipment.
A new study from Northwestern Medicine reports the first guidelines for treating sebaceous carcinoma, a cancer of oil glands that can be found on the skin or in the eye. The guidelines provide clear direction for treating these tumors, which may result in fewer deaths.
Researchers have discovered fullerene compounds that can effectively kill non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells without harming healthy cells. The anti-tumor activity of these compounds has great potential for the development of new treatments for this aggressive form of cancer.
Researchers found that Medicare Advantage beneficiaries had higher 30-day risk-adjusted readmission rates than traditional Medicare beneficiaries for three common medical conditions. Despite previous studies suggesting better post-acute care outcomes for Medicare Advantage enrollees, the study found no evidence of improved readmission ...
A combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab demonstrated clinical benefit among patients with high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma in a phase II clinical trial. The therapy showed an overall response rate of 24% and improved progression-free survival, offering new hope for this patient population.
A new diagnostic technique using infrared imaging and proteomics has identified a protein biomarker called AHNAK2 that can accurately distinguish between bladder cancer and benign inflammation. The technique has been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between various stages of bladder cancer.
Pembrolizumab, a new immunotherapy drug, shows lasting tumor control and improved overall survival in advanced Merkel cell carcinoma patients. The study reports generally manageable side effects and supports the use of immunotherapy as an effective treatment option for this aggressive form of skin cancer.
A study led by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab is more effective than traditional chemotherapy for patients with aggressive Merkel cell carcinoma. The treatment showed high response rates and durable progression-free survival in both virus-positive and virus-negative subtypes.
A new BJS study found axillary ultrasound imaging to be less sensitive for detecting axillary metastatic lymph nodes in women with invasive lobular carcinoma compared to invasive ductal carcinoma. Women with invasive lobular carcinoma may benefit from axillary biopsies regardless of ultrasonographic appearance.
Early clinical studies with BET inhibitors and EZH2 inhibitors have shown remarkable activity in patients with lymphoma, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and NUT carcinoma. Tolerability has been generally good, but side effects such as thrombocytopaenia and fatigue have emerged.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic are testing a vaccine that aims to establish lifelong immunity against precancerous breast lesions. The vaccine targets human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2) and has shown promise in a phase I clinical study, eliciting an immune response in all tested individuals.
Researchers found that women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are at a slightly lower risk of dying from any cause compared to the general population. After 10 years, DCIS patients had a 2.5% risk of dying from breast cancer and a 10% lower overall mortality rate.
A new study published in JAMA Oncology found that women with BRCA1 mutations are at increased risk for developing aggressive serous/serous-like endometrial cancer after undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). The risk is estimated to be 2.6% by age 70.
Two drugs, Vismodegib and Sonidegib, target the Hedgehog pathway to treat basal cell carcinoma, a common skin cancer affecting nearly 2.8 million Americans annually. The FDA-approved treatments have shown promise in shrinking tumors and improving response rates.
Lomonosov Moscow State University scientists discovered that skin cancer basal cell carcinoma contains gene mutations linked to other cancer types, including melanoma. The study found that 85% of BCC cases contain Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway gene mutations, which resist anticancer therapy.
A recent study by Allina Health found that most breast cancer patients with invasive lobular carcinoma can be treated with hormones alone, reducing treatment time, cost, and side effects. The study identified a model that predicts recurrence risk using characteristics such as progesterone receptor expression and patient age.
The study found that VivoSight OCT significantly improved diagnostic certainty for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) by a factor of four over clinical examination alone, increasing diagnostic accuracy by 50%. The use of OCT also reduced overall biopsies by 36% and correctly diagnosed BCC cases in 87.8% of cases.
A 20-year follow-up of the EORTC boost no-boost trial found that young age, high-grade invasive tumor, and ductal carcinoma in situ were associated with increased local recurrence rates. The study showed substantial benefits from academic clinical research, enabling long-term follow-up and analysis.
A new study finds that anastrozole significantly reduces breast cancer recurrence in postmenopausal women with non-invasive DCIS, outperforming tamoxifen. The treatment also improves disease-free survival and overall survival rates for patients.
A new biomarker, CLIP2, has been discovered that distinguishes between radiation-induced and sporadic thyroid carcinomas. The marker increases in both genetic activity and protein expression after radiation exposure.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that radiation treatment significantly reduced the risk of Merkel cell carcinoma recurrence, with no impact on survival rates. The study's results also showed associations between immunosuppression and advanced tumors, as well as lymph node evaluation, and worse survival outcomes.
Researchers found CT-guided IRE to be successful in treating locally advanced pancreatic cancer without major complications. The procedure offers a safe alternative to intraoperative IRE ablation, improving life expectancy for some patients.
Researchers found that LIF levels are predictive of NPC patient response to radiation therapy, with patients resistant to treatment having higher serum levels of the cytokine. LIF promotes NPC progression and radioresistance.
Survivors with a history of smoking have poorer survival rates and are more likely to experience disease progression, relapse, or spread. Heavier pack-years smoked correlate with increased risk of death.
Researchers identified a genetic translocation that can precipitate disease in adenoid cystic carcinoma, with many disease-associated mutations occurring in genes modifying DNA. Identifying individual mutations will aid in the development of personalized therapy, according to accompanying commentary.
Researchers identified a genetic translocation that can precipitate disease in adenoid cystic carcinoma patients. They also found that variants in the SIM1 gene are associated with severe obesity, while vitamin B3 blocks cyst formation in a mouse model of polycystic kidney disease.
Sarcomatoid lung carcinomas are rare and aggressive diseases resistant to chemotherapy. Researchers found higher levels of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in these tumors, which may lead to the use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapies. This discovery supports potential novel immunotherapy approaches for this difficult-to-treat disease.
Tomosynthesis surpasses 2D mammography in detecting infiltrating ductal carcinoma, particularly in women at increased risk of breast cancer. The study found that tomosynthesis improved visibility in 41% of cases and identified cancers only visible on tomosynthesis.
A recent study published in BJU International found that smoking significantly increases the risk of developing serious urothelial carcinoma and dying from the disease, particularly in women. Smoking cessation is crucial to safeguard against deadly cancers of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis in females.
A new treatment protocol for kidney cancer uses molecular imaging and radioimmunotherapy to target clear cell renal carcinoma. The study found that the effectiveness of this therapy may be diminished when used after another anti-cancer drug, sorafenib.
Combining bevacizumab with standard chemoradiation therapy prolongs survival and delays disease progression in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The study results show over 90% of patients surviving 2 years without distant metastases.
A Phase 2 trial found that combining bevacizumab with chemoradiation therapy can reduce the spread of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and improve survival rates. The study showed over 90% of patients survived two years without distant metastases.
Researchers have found that thyroid cancers with BRAF mutations are exquisitely dependent on the BRAF signaling pathway for viability. Treatments targeting this pathway can restore radioiodine incorporation, suggesting a new therapeutic approach for patients with BRAF-positive papillary thyroid carcinomas.
A UNC-led study shows that patients with high-risk non-melanoma skin carcinomas of the head and neck may benefit from concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, achieving better outcomes compared to radiation alone. The study provides preliminary data on the feasibility of combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy.
Researchers have discovered how the Merkel cell carcinoma virus operates, offering a potential new approach to treating this rare and aggressive skin cancer. The study found that the virus can cause abnormal cell growth even after removing key interaction sites with heat-shock proteins.
The phase 3 trial shows that zalutumumab treatment is associated with a long-term benefit in progression-free survival, with a 20% PFS rate at 6 months compared to 7.3% in the best supportive care group. However, overall survival was not significantly increased.
Research suggests a connection between vitamin D levels and skin cancer risk in individuals with basal cell nevus syndrome. Patients with this condition are found to be more likely to have low vitamin D levels, even when taking sun protection measures.
A study published in The Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that alcohol consumption is more strongly related to the risk of lobular carcinoma than ductal carcinoma, and more strongly related to hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer than hormone-receptor-negative breast cancer.
A study found that patients with basal cell carcinoma who have multiple lesions are at higher risk of developing more cancers. Red hair and a higher socioeconomic status were associated with an increased risk of multiple lesions.
Rates of cancers affecting skin appendages such as sweat glands and mammary glands are rising in the US. Incidence increased by 150% between 1978-1982 and 2002-2005, with age being a key factor.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology investigated the effectiveness, safety, and outcomes of two popular esophageal metal stents: Ultraflex and Choostent. The results showed that both types of stents provided good palliation of dysphagia in patients with inoperable esophageal carcinoma.
A review of DCIS research highlights the need for accurate identification of patient subsets and modification of treatment guidelines to focus on high-risk lesions. Researchers also emphasize the importance of biomarkers in determining risk status, allowing for targeted aggressive treatment.
A Phase II study found celecoxib effective in reducing basal cell carcinoma development in patients with Gorlin syndrome, a rare genetic disorder. The drug showed promise as a chemoprevention therapy for this population.
A new method using 3D imaging improves preoperative assessment of pancreatic carcinoma resection. The study found that 3D images were better for operation planning and consistently described as useful by surgeons.
A new study has associated Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) with Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare and aggressive skin cancer. The study found that nearly all patients with Merkel cell carcinoma carried antibodies against MCPyV, suggesting a strong link between the virus and the disease.
Researchers found a positive correlation between Yes-associated protein (YAP) and survivin expression in gastric carcinoma, suggesting YAP's role in inducing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. The study suggests potential for YAP as an early diagnostic marker for gastric carcinoma.
Researchers successfully treated basal cell carcinoma with a non-toxic radioactive patch, showing minimal scarring and no toxicity. The treatment delivered beta radiation to the cancer site, effectively eradicating the malignant cells.
A new rabbit rectal VX2 carcinoma model has been successfully established, mimicking human rectal carcinoma in pathological representation, tumor development, and metastasis. The model's ease of establishment, short growth period, and high stability make it an ideal major animal model for studying rectal carcinoma.
The study found that PPAR-gamma activation inhibits pancreatic carcinoma growth by suppressing tumor angiogenesis. In a xenograft model, Rosiglitazone reduced microvascular density and VEGF expression, leading to significant tumor growth inhibition.
Researchers found that serum CA19-9 levels correlate with TNM staging and tumor size in patients with pancreatic cancer. The study used ROC curve analysis to evaluate the clinical value of serum CA19-9 levels in predicting respectability, revealing a high accuracy of 93.1% sensitivity and 78.3% specificity.
Researchers found that family history, high CEA levels, cancerous perforation, tumor differentiation, and vessel cancerous emboli are significant risk factors for local recurrence. Patients with positive circumferential resection margins had a higher rate of local recurrence compared to those with negative margins.
Researchers investigated using gene therapy to inhibit NHE1 in human gastric carcinoma cells, leading to apoptosis of tumor cells. The study found that inhibition of NHE1 reduced malignant phenotypes and restrained tumor cell survival.
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology found that CT scans and MRI scans are equally accurate in detecting paraaortic lymph node metastasis in patients with pancreatico-biliary carcinoma. The results support the current clinical practice of using both imaging modalities for evaluating this condition.
A rare case of extrahepatic bile duct cancer producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been reported, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and treatment. The discovery raises concerns about the potential impact on prognosis and treatment options.
A recent study found that CT scans are highly effective in diagnosing patients with large bowel obstruction, identifying the site and cause of obstruction. The study showed a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 100%, respectively.
A novel hMSH2 gene mutation was found in a Chinese HNPCC kindred, associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in four successive generations. The mutation resulted in Asp 603 Gly of hMSH2 and was present in four out of ten family members.
A 12-year study found a significant increase in differentiated thyroid cancer cases, with small subclinical tumours accounting for the rise. Advances in medical imaging are thought to be responsible for the increased detection rate, rather than a change in disease patterns.
Researchers identified kisspeptin and GPR54 as independent prognostic biomarkers specific for ovarian clear cell carcinoma. These molecular markers are associated with a favourable prognosis and could potentially be used to monitor disease activity or as therapeutic agents in women with this subtype of ovarian cancer.