Articles tagged with Colorectal Cancer
Researchers discover that chemotherapy triggers the secretion of mucins in colorectal cancer cells, forming a physical barrier that prevents drugs from reaching their intended target. The study found potential new biomarkers for disease prognosis and a promising treatment strategy using NCX blockers like SN-6.
A culturally tailored patient navigation program improved the rate of colorectal cancer screening among Hispanic adults, reducing historical gender disparities. The program's colonoscopy completion rate was 85%, with no difference between males and females.
A new study finds that weight loss is associated with a 46% reduced risk of developing colorectal adenoma. Adults who are initially overweight or obese may be able to reduce their risk by losing weight, while weight gain increases the chance of developing adenoma.
A new polygenic risk score is made from genetic variants and lifestyle factors to identify younger adults at risk of colorectal cancer. The study found those with the highest risk scores were four times more likely to develop colorectal cancers than those with lower scores.
USC researchers will use $18.5 million funding to study colorectal cancer in Hispanic patients, aiming to close the gap in understanding the disease and developing effective treatments. The project aims to improve patient engagement in genomic research and develop culturally relevant educational materials.
A study analyzing US SEER data from 2000-2016 found that younger age groups experienced the steepest increase in distant-stage early-onset colorectal adenocarcinoma incidence. Younger non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic populations showed greater proportions of distant-stage disease.
Researchers outline a comprehensive framework to tackle early-onset colorectal cancer, addressing epidemiology, molecular landscape, and treatment options. The framework emphasizes the need for tailored support, including peer support, educational counseling, and financial guidance.
Ovarian cancer death rates are predicted to decrease by 17% in the UK and 7% in EU countries in 2022. The main contributor is the long-term use of oral contraceptives, reducing the risk by 40%. Other factors include improved diagnosis, treatment, and advancements in treatments for other cancers.
Researchers discovered a bacterial toxin that can accelerate colon cancer in mice, sharing similarities with human tumors. The study's findings suggest a potential link between transient food poisoning and colorectal cancer development, highlighting the need for further epidemiological studies.
Researchers have revealed mechanisms by which polyps develop into colorectal cancer, setting the stage for improved surveillance utilizing precision medicine. The study found that serrated polyps derive from metaplasia, an abnormal change of cells into non-native tissue.
A Phase 2 clinical trial showed sotorasib can shrink tumors and achieve disease control in heavily pretreated patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The study results exceeded the historic benefits linked to approved therapies, offering new hope for a population with limited treatment options.
A study found that primary care clinicians prefer noninvasive options for patients who are unwilling to undergo invasive procedures, concerned about work time, or unconvinced of the need for screening. The researchers suggest tailoring recommendations to patient preferences to improve adherence to colorectal cancer screening.
Researchers have discovered that a common class of targeted therapies can help more colorectal cancer patients than previously thought. By analyzing cell studies and computer modeling, the team identified 10 distinct RAS mutations that do not preclude the use of EGFR inhibitors, which are already approved for other uses.
A study found that rural women are less likely to get screened for colorectal cancer compared to urban counterparts, despite similar breast cancer screening rates. The disparity may be attributed to limited access to testing and financial constraints, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions.
A new study found that bowel cancer patients are at high risk of clinical levels of depression, with over a third experiencing symptoms up to five years after surgery. The study identified risk factors such as pre-existing depression and anxiety, low social support, and poor health.
A new AI model has been developed to classify colorectal polyps, demonstrating accuracy and sensitivity at a level comparable to practicing pathologists. The model was tested in a clinical trial involving 15 pathologists, showing significant improvements in accuracy compared to traditional methods.
This study reveals cellular composition changes in colon organoids exposed to smoking and red/processed meat carcinogens, suggesting an overlap between inherited and environmental CRC risk. The findings provide novel insights into CRC etiology and reveal potential avenues for future research.
A recent study found that Black patients in the US between 40-49 years old have lower incidence rates of colorectal cancer compared to their white counterparts. Rectal cancer rates were also significantly lower among Black individuals, highlighting a disparity in disease prevalence.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy screening significantly reduces colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, with a substantial protective effect maintained up to 19 years. The study's findings confirm the safety and effectiveness of flexible sigmoidoscopy as a preventive measure.
A team of scientists developed a drug-like molecule that can counteract the effects of mutated epigenetic regulators, which are known to drive certain types of cancer. The molecule targets the 'reader' CBX8, which is critical for the proliferation of cancer cells, but more dispensable in healthy cells.
A new study by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found that younger patients with metastatic colorectal cancer have a similar overall survival time as older patients, defying expectations. The study included data from the CALGB/SWOG 80405 clinical trial and compared survival times in 514 younger patients under 50 with 1,812 older patients.
Researchers developed two model systems to study peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer patients. Biomarkers were identified, including severe mutations of the BRCA2 gene, which predict therapy response. These findings offer new hope for treating advanced cases.
A survey of adults shows low colonoscopy rates during the pandemic, but home-based fecal occult blood testing increased by 30% among respondents. The study highlights the need for tailored screening options to address patient concerns and improve colorectal cancer screening rates.
A study published in Oncotarget identified four genetic variants linked to an increased risk of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma in the Kazakhstani population. The findings suggest that these variants, including rs10506868, may contribute to CRC development and highlight the importance of understanding genetic factors in this disease.
New research reveals that boosting numbers of immune cells called dendritic cells may be key to overcoming colorectal cancers' immunotherapy resistance. By augmenting dendritic cells in liver metastases, treatment led to increased cytotoxic T lymphocytes and made tumors sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Researchers have discovered a way to bring cancer-killing T cells to bear against a specific type of colorectal cancer, showing promising results. The findings may represent a therapeutic strategy to target other types of cancers, and the next step is to further explore how T cells become activated in the tumor environment.
A peptide-drug conjugate called CBX-12 has been shown to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in preclinical cancer models by targeting the acidic environment of cancer cells. The treatment exhibited significantly delayed tumor growth, improved survival, and complete tumor regressions compared to immunotherapy alone.
A new study reveals a small molecule, RGX-202, that targets and prevents metastasis in colorectal cancer by blocking the uptake of phosphocreatine into cancer cells. The findings have led to a clinical trial in humans and may eventually increase survival rates for multiple gastrointestinal cancers.
Researchers developed novel scoring tools to predict colon cancer risk in average-risk individuals, especially useful in low-screening countries. The tools consider factors like age, smoking history, and aspirin use to determine personalized risk.
A recent study found that colorectal cancer diagnoses fell dramatically by 40% in a year during the COVID-19 pandemic. This decline was attributed to the suspension of screening programs and postponed non-urgent colonoscopy investigations.
Researchers mapped cancer through protein interactions, revealing biomarkers and potential new treatments for breast and head and neck cancers. The study provides a new definition of biomarkers based on large, multi-protein complexes, offering a more precise way to explain mutation effects.
Patients with certain gene mutations are at high risk of fatal chemotherapy toxicity, with a 25-times increased risk detected in those with uncommon DPYD variants. The study suggests that adding pre-treatment screening may help prevent avoidable deaths without interrupting standard care.
Researchers have developed a new type of red meat that replaces nitrite with natural alternatives from plants and fruits, including Japanese Knotweed. The results showed significantly lower levels of nitrite content in participants' faeces compared to conventionally processed red meat.
A new trial run by UCL researchers shows promise in slowing the regrowth of tumors among some bowel cancer patients. The drug adavosertib was found to delay tumour growth by about two months on average and had relatively few side effects, particularly in left-sided/rectal tumours.
A new study published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology found that computer-aided detection can improve colonoscopy quality by reducing the miss rate, with a relative reduction of nearly a third when used in conjunction with standard-of-care colonoscopy. The study suggests that artificial intelligence may be an important tool...
Breast and colorectal cancer screening rates increased following the introduction of national quality indicators, with greater reductions in socioeconomic disparities. Cervical cancer screening rates remained unchanged due to its exclusion from initial quality indicators.
The article highlights the need for financial and technological support to enable effective interprofessional teams in primary care. The authors suggest training community members to serve their communities and exploring how diversity impacts patient care outcomes. They also advocate for innovative payment models that allow primary car...
A study by researchers from the University at Buffalo and the University of Utah found that second- and third-degree relatives are at a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. The study, which reviewed over 1,500 cases, suggests that early colonoscopy screening may be beneficial for these relatives as well.
Researchers developed a method to overlay a virtual scale on acquired endoscope images in real-time, allowing accurate estimation of colorectal polyp sizes. The approach uses triangulation principles and minimal image processing, enabling cost-effective diagnosis without adding extra instrumentation.
MUSC Hollings Cancer Center researchers discovered a novel mechanism showing how a certain gene mutation can allow tumors to evade detection by the immune system in colorectal cancer patients. The study found that APC mutations lead to increased levels of PD-L1, which allows tumors to evade T-cell function and increase immunosuppression.
Research at UTHealth School of Public Health in Houston found that infants born to obese mothers have a heightened risk of developing colorectal cancer later in life. The study also linked timing and magnitude of maternal weight gain during pregnancy, as well as birth weight, to increased risk of the disease.
Researchers from Okayama University conducted a randomized trial to assess the benefits of interventions for early cancer screening in patients with schizophrenia. The study found that 47.1% of counseled patients underwent colorectal cancer screening, compared to 11.8% of those receiving only usual treatment.
A novel approach to improve fitness for surgery, known as 'prehabilitation', has been shown to reduce cancer patients' hospital stay by 1.8 days compared to standard care. This study suggests that prehabilitation can benefit patient outcomes and potentially confer a survival advantage.
A large retrospective analysis of 14,000 patients with colorectal cancer found that common blood-pressure drugs like ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers were associated with decreased mortality. Patients who took their blood-pressure drugs consistently were less likely to die from their cancer.
A study found that total vitamin D intake of 300 IU per day or more was associated with a 50% lower risk of developing young-onset colorectal cancer. Higher dietary vitamin D intake was linked to a reduced risk of colon polyps detected before age 50.
Researchers developed a nanotherapeutic platform that combines camptothecin with immune checkpoint inhibitors to increase effectiveness against aggressive tumors. The approach showed promising results in eliminating difficult-to-treat late-stage metastatic colorectal cancer and melanoma tumors.
A multicenter cohort study found that incomplete polyp removal is strongly associated with postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer. Researchers analyzed medical records for 233 participants and found that patients with incompletely removed polyps were more likely to develop metachronous neoplasia, including advanced tumors.
Researchers at City of Hope found that advanced colorectal cancer patients with no liver metastases respond to checkpoint inhibitors, achieving a major response in 20% of cases. In contrast, patients with liver metastases showed no positive response to immunotherapy.
Prokineticin-1 is a lymphangiogenic factor involved in human colorectal cancer's lymph node metastasis and lymph vessel formation. High PROK1 expression was found to significantly increase the rate of lymph node metastasis.
The study describes the three-dimensional structure of the MUTYH protein and its interaction with PCNA, a key player in DNA replication. The researchers found that mutations in the MUTYH gene reduce its binding affinity to DNA and destabilize its structure, leading to decreased DNA repair activity.
Researchers from Nagoya University have successfully measured the shape distributions of cell-derived nanoparticles, or extracellular vesicles, in body fluids. This study may help identify types of cancer with a painless and non-invasive method.
Research found a significant correlation between lower UVB light exposure and higher rates of colorectal cancer across all age groups. Vitamin D deficiency may play a role in this association, particularly for people over 45, who may reduce their risk by correcting deficiencies in vitamin D.
A study using data from 186 countries found a significant correlation between lower UVB exposure and higher rates of colorectal cancer across all age groups. Lower UVB exposure may reduce levels of vitamin D, which has been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
A meta-analysis found that obese patients with colorectal cancer receive lower cumulative doses of adjuvant chemotherapy relative to their body surface area than non-obese patients. This may explain the poorer survival rates observed in obese patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. The study suggests that obese ...
A study by the American Cancer Society found a 10.2% decline in real-time electronic pathology reports from population-based cancer registries in 2020 compared to 2019. The study suggests substantial delays in diagnosis and treatment services for cancers during the pandemic.
The 2021 ESMO World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer presented new concepts in clinical trials, advances in surgery and transplant, and novel immuno-oncology mechanisms. Researchers shared findings on the effects of drug interactions in GI oncology and strategies to improve outcomes for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
A recent study found a direct molecular link between red meat consumption and colorectal cancer development, revealing genetic mutations indicative of DNA damage. High red meat intake was associated with increased cancer-related mortality and poorer patient survival.
Researchers found that 14-3-3sigma acts as a tumor suppressor in the gastrointestinal tract, inhibiting cell division and DNA damage repair. Its expression is downregulated in metastatic tumors and low levels correlate with worse prognosis.
A recent study found that adults with early-onset colorectal cancer (diagnosed before age 50) have significantly better survival rates than those diagnosed later in life. The research used data from the National Cancer Database and found a significant difference in survival rates between the two groups.
A convolutional neural network-based algorithm predicts tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) colorectal cancer response to immunotherapy. The model uses histopathological characteristics, particularly tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, from hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides.