Articles tagged with Infectious Diseases
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A Saint Louis University study found no link between cash settlements for work-related back injuries and future impairment. Disability ratings didn't strongly correlate with day-to-day function levels, raising questions about the validity and fairness of current disability determination programs.
Restricting travel can significantly reduce the spread of infections like SARS, with a 50% decrease in infected individuals and over 80% reduction in affected municipalities. A ban on trips longer than 20 km would have an even greater impact, reducing the spread even if compliance is as low as 70%
A review of Clostridium sordellii infections suggests that the connection between mifepristone and misoprostol in medically induced abortions is unclear. Despite four reported deaths, nearly 2 million European women have used mifepristone without C. sordellii infections. Further research is needed to identify factors that predispose to...
A recent study published in Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health found that never-married individuals are 58% more likely to die between 1989 and 1997 compared to their married peers. The 'never married penalty' is higher for those in excellent health, but not among the poor or elderly.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins University and the University of New Mexico have forecast an increased risk of hantavirus outbreaks in the US southwest in 2006. The study used satellite imagery to analyze ecological conditions and predict disease spread, with moderate risk levels similar to those in previous years.
Researchers found infectious misfolded prion protein in heart muscle, decreasing the heart's ability to pump blood. High levels of scrapie infectivity were also identified in the blood of mice used in the study.
Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch have developed a potential test to estimate how many people are infected with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), which can take up to 40 years to manifest. The test could also help prevent transmission through blood transfusions and organ transplants by detecting prions in th...
The Lancet and Mexican Ministry of Health are hosting a meeting to report on Mexico's experience with health-system reform over the past 6 years. The conference aims to provide scientifically-based policy options for middle-to-low income governments facing similar challenges.
Researchers tested genetic resistance in sheep and found PrP absorption is not blocked by gut, but rather by villi. The study suggests alternative mechanisms may exist, leading scientists to reconsider the prion hypothesis for vCJD.
The Lancet highlights efforts to eliminate infectious diseases and promote healthy change in the Middle East. Global interest in health can be used to forge partnerships and depoliticize the region, catalyzing a renaissance of medicine.
The Middle East and North Africa region is experiencing a rapid shift in health trends, with increasing rates of non-infectious diseases and obesity. Health systems must adapt to address these emerging challenges, prioritizing disease prevention and promotion.
The program offers primary health care and enables MCG students to practice under faculty supervision. Common ailments among migrant workers include infectious diseases, gastritis, allergies, skin rashes, and musculoskeletal pain.
Researchers found that survivors of generations with rampant childhood infection were shorter and died sooner than those from less infected generations. Childhood diseases like respiratory infections and diarrhea reduced growth rates. Improved public health practices led to increased height and longevity.
A novel partnership between Indian institutions and the government aims to document the causes of death in rural and urban areas. The Verbal Autopsy method has already demonstrated reliable measurement of deaths in young and middle-aged individuals, and will be expanded to collect physical measurements and blood samples.
Elderly people in developing countries face significant health challenges, including infectious and non-communicable diseases. Nutritional interventions such as supplementation, food fortification, or development of nutrient-rich crops may help reduce the disease burden.
George Orwell's struggles with tuberculosis and possible infertility contributed to the dark tone of 1984, but also gave him a unique perspective on human suffering. His writing became more universal as he drew from his own experiences with illness.
A recent study found that HIV therapy success rates are similar between developed and non-developed countries, with a general success rate of 60% after 12-18 months on treatment. People in developing countries who received free ART drugs showed a 30% higher rate of success than those who had to pay for their medication.
A panel of experts judged the relevance of 15 quality indicators, which combined evidence and expert opinion to assess care aspects. The final list included recommendations such as timely initiation of antibiotic therapy and switching to focused antibiotics.
A new study found that diabetic patients are at higher risk for developing respiratory tract, skin and mucous membrane, and urinary tract infections. The odds were significantly higher for both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic controls.
The University of Manchester's Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine is conducting a three-month study on infectious diseases. The project will examine the evolving risk of diseases, changing detection requirements, and cutting-edge science to inform future research and management policies.
The invention uses protein-DNA chimeras to detect and count small numbers of molecules, offering exquisite sensitivity and dynamic range. Methods based on these molecules are designed to work with existing PCR machines, making them useful for human disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and pathogen detection.
Researchers found that infectious prions can survive digestive juices and cross the human intestinal barrier by linking with ferritin, an iron-storing protein. This breakthrough discovery provides insight into the mechanisms of prion transmission and may lead to the development of methods to block prion uptake.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a gene family involved in determining the potential for acquiring lupus, a debilitating autoimmune disease that affects more than one million Americans. The study found that genetic susceptibility to lupus results from an imbalance between genes that increase and suppress th...
Macroalgae, particularly Halimeda opuntia, triggers a virulent white plague type II disease in corals. The alga is also found to be a reservoir for the causative agent Aurantimonas coralicida.
A new UCSD study found that general pediatricians and specialists frequently miss diagnosing Kawasaki disease in children under six months and over eight years old, leading to preventable coronary artery damage. The study aims to raise awareness and provide recommendations to improve diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Researchers found that exposure to bovine material alone cannot explain the young age of vCJD cases in the UK; an additional age-dependent susceptibility factor is required. The study suggests that permeability of the intestinal barrier changes with age, but further research is needed.
Researchers found that shortness of breath and impaired gag reflex without diarrhea are key predictors of death in foodborne botulism. Accurate diagnosis and rapid treatment are crucial, with antitoxin and intensive care necessary for survival.
The project aims to advance scientific research against bioterrorism agents and emerging infectious diseases through a unified proteomics data management system. The system will store proteomics information from six Proteomics Research Centers, providing free public access and enabling direct queries.
The EU's new eastern border raises concerns about the growth of communicable diseases in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Public health systems have struggled to respond to these challenges, and a global response is needed to strengthen health systems and prevent disease spread.
The Wistar Institute has selected two journalists, Ambrose and Gibbs, for the 2004 Science Journalism Award for their outstanding coverage of epigenetics. The award honors excellent science journalism that communicates progress in biomedicine to the public.
A recent USGS review of scientific literature reveals increased reports of disease outbreaks in turtles, corals, mollusks, mammals, and urchins since 1970. However, no significant trends were detected for seagrasses, decapods, or sharks/rays, with even a decrease in disease reports among fish.
The study highlights the need for greater support and educational intervention during infectious disease outbreaks. Front-line health care workers are at real danger of becoming infected, as seen in SARS cases where 20% of infected individuals were healthcare workers.
A recent survey found that most Americans remain confident in the safety of their beef supply following a confirmed case of mad cow disease in Washington State. The study suggests that consumer confidence has been boosted by government actions and trust in food regulators, but some have expressed concerns about the risk of transmission.
Researchers developed a framework to account for mutations in models assessing emerging infectious disease emergence, highlighting the potential for long transmission chains and disease adaptation. The model suggests that even low reproductive numbers can lead to dramatic outbreaks as new strains evolve.
Researchers estimated that only one further case of vCJD in Ireland is likely, based on exposure to BSE-infected beef. The study used data from the UK to calculate the future risk to the Irish population.
A recent investigation found that a Texas salvage store was the source of a foodborne botulism outbreak. Food safety experts advise customers to inspect packaging for signs of decay and spoilage, as well as to maintain standards of health when shopping at any facility.
A six-year study of MRSA in California jails found that two dominant S. aureus clonal groups, ST30:Z and ST8:S, drove the expansion in resistance, gaining multi-drug resistance over time. The study highlights the need to track the spread of individual strains using techniques like PFGE and MLST.
A Dartmouth study has found that RNA molecules can catalyze the transformation of normal prion proteins into disease-causing counterparts, potentially leading to early detection and treatment of prion diseases. The discovery opens new avenues for exploration in diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have found that prions, infectious proteins linked to diseases like mad cow and scrapie, can stick to certain soil types. This suggests that the environment may play a role in the spread of these diseases.
New predictions suggest vCJD epidemic will decline with a comparable worst-case scenario of 540 UK cases between now and 2080. The researchers estimated the incubation time of vCJD to be 12.6 years, similar to Kuru, and calculated that only 40 future cases are expected within the next five years.
A study found that conventional explanations of consent forms were insufficient to ensure understanding among research participants in Haiti. In contrast, in-depth explanations with visual material resulted in high pass rates on an oral test, highlighting the need for new techniques to improve informed consent processes.
The U-M Bioterrorism Preparedness Initiative has received a $1 million grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to develop web-based training for over 9,000 public health workers in Michigan. The initiative aims to improve the state's public health system's ability to prevent and respond to infectious disease outbreaks.
As bodies age, B cells lose potency due to accumulation of antigen-experienced cells. These cells, which were initially effective against previous infections, become less responsive and bind weakly to new pathogens.
A rare form of meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae was contracted in a Jamaican restaurant outbreak linked to contaminated romaine lettuce. The lettuce, imported from the US, was the likely source of the infection, which affected 12 individuals and hospitalized nine.
A Yale gastroenterologist has received a $1 million grant to study infectious diseases in developing countries. The grant will support collaborative research on improved oral rehydration solutions for diarrheal diseases, which are common causes of death among children worldwide.
Researchers have identified the RMRP gene responsible for cartilage-hair hypoplasia, a rare syndrome causing dwarfism. The discovery may lead to better understanding and treatment of the disease, which affects worldwide but is prevalent in Finnish and Amish populations.
A nationwide study found that etanercept significantly slows or stops rheumatoid arthritis progression in nearly three-quarters of patients, with fewer side effects than methotrexate. The new use of etanercept as an early treatment offers a promising alternative for patients with advanced RA.
Researchers have identified a genetic cause for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide. The gene, located on chromosome 6, is linked to the disease in about 60% of families studied.
Research finds that rheumatoid arthritis patients experience longer hospital stays and higher total charges due to complications, with a notable impact on quality of life. The disease also results in increased healthcare utilization for general symptoms beyond musculoskeletal complaints.
A study suggests that dietary fat is unlikely to cause breast cancer, but rather depletes the body of an essential nutrient that protects against the disease. The research concludes that age and oestrogen also play a role in breast cancer development.
The University of North Carolina School of Medicine has received a $5 million federal grant to investigate ANCA vasculitis, a disease causing small blood vessel inflammation. Researchers will explore the cause of the disease and develop better treatments.
The COPERNICUS trial demonstrates a significant survival benefit of carvedilol in patients with advanced heart failure, reducing mortality rates by 35%. The study involved over 2,200 patients and showed that carvedilol decreased mortality rates compared to placebo.
A study by Penn State researcher Dr. Mark D. Hayward found that people with childhood illness are more likely to develop cancer, lung disease, and arthritis in adulthood, regardless of their socioeconomic status. Investing in children's health could lead to significant benefits for adult healthcare.
Researchers have found a genetic link between IKK-gamma gene and the rare human disease incontinentia pigmenti, which affects skin and its derivatives. The discovery provides a nearly perfect mouse model of the disease, enabling thorough study and development of diagnostic and screening tests.
The Immune Tolerance Network will fund a multicenter clinical trial of the Edmonton Protocol, aiming to assess its effectiveness and long-term risks in treating type 1 diabetes. The trial will involve up to 32 new transplants at eight clinical centers across North America and Europe.
A recent study published in the Journal of Periodontology found that smoking is responsible for more than half of periodontal disease cases among adults in the US. Quitting smoking can gradually erase the harmful effects on periodontal health.
A recent Mayo Clinic study found that patients with CMV disease used significantly more resources and had higher charges than those without infection. Preventive treatment of CMV in high-risk patients can significantly reduce these costs.
Researchers at Emory University have uncovered a significant connection between mast cells and the development of multiple sclerosis. Mast cells, previously only studied in respiratory tract diseases like hay fever and asthma, are now linked to nerve damage in MS.
Researchers establish direct link between prions causing mad cow disease and new-variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, challenging the species barrier theory. The study used transgenic mice to demonstrate that the strain of prion responsible for mad cow disease also causes new-variant CJD.
Abgenix is initiating a Phase III clinical trial comparing its antibody, ABX-CBL, to standard therapy for patients with steroid-resistant graft-versus-host disease (srGVHD). The trial aims to assess the survival rate of patients receiving higher doses of ABX-CBL.