Articles tagged with Infectious Diseases
A cohort study investigated olfactory dysfunction in US adults with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study found a significant association between prior infection and persistent olfactory dysfunction. High variability was observed among individuals, highlighting the need for individualized assessment and treatment strategies.
Scientists introduce a new way to control when drugs are active or inactive in the body, potentially developing safer medicines. The technology was applied to create improved molecular sensors, including a rapid coronavirus sensor that responds about 70 times faster than previous protein-based tests.
Dr. Langlois and his team will support large-scale scientific research, protect vulnerable communities, and strengthen Canada's ability to face future health emergencies. The High-Throughput Facility infrastructure will rapidly detect and track new infectious disease threats while protecting people and communities.
The Gladstone Infectious Disease Institute is broadening its research scope to tackle pressing health challenges beyond viruses. Scientists are discovering new ways to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria and explore the interconnectedness of viruses and bacteria in causing chronic diseases.
A new study from the University of Illinois shows that severe flu infection in pregnant mice leads to a breakdown in placental and brain barriers, allowing potentially harmful molecules to accumulate in the fetal brain. Fibrinogen accumulation has also been linked to neuroinflammatory conditions, and researchers found it accumulated in...
Researchers discovered onnamides, a family of compounds from Okinawan marine sponges, showing remarkable potential against Leishmania major. These compounds demonstrate potency and safety exceeding current treatments, offering new approaches to overcome drug resistance.
Researchers used computer modeling and large datasets to understand how COVID-19 was transmitted in one community in South Africa. The study found that population density and household size significantly affected transmission patterns during lockdowns and government restrictions.
Researchers linked Foshan's epidemic to climate extremes, urban growth, and sanitation gaps, highlighting the need for a One Health approach. Long-term health security requires aligning urban planning, climate resilience, and public health measures to prevent future outbreaks.
A new international study found that 35% of respondents couldn't define cystitis correctly, highlighting the need for public education on UTIs amid rising antibiotic resistance. Women are significantly more affected by UTIs, but awareness is lower among men and younger adults.
Researchers conducted a survey of published studies on the transmission risk of 39 pathogens and diseases, finding that only 7.4% consider hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. The study recommends integrating these components for reliable models and guiding public policies.
Researchers at Tulane University have developed an enhanced CRISPR-based tuberculosis test that works with a simple tongue swab, detecting TB in samples with very low levels of bacteria. The new test shows high sensitivity and accuracy, offering a significant step forward toward effective diagnoses via a variety of samples.
A new open-source AI tool, ProRNA3D-single, has significantly increased accuracy in predicting and visualizing protein-RNA complex structures. This method can generate finely detailed images of molecules in 3D, enabling drug developers to design treatments by analyzing where viruses attach to human proteins.
Researchers develop a framework for biologging-based surveillance to detect disease outbreaks in wildlife, providing insights into the spread of zoonotic diseases like avian flu and COVID-19. The approach aims to revolutionize public health interventions by enabling early detection and proactive prevention.
Researchers have found a way to use antibodies to direct T cells to kill Cytomegalovirus-infected cells, offering an alternative treatment for life-threatening infections without expensive and side-effect-prone drugs.
A new study finds that postpartum mothers with hepatitis C who received treatment while still in the hospital were twice as likely to be cured compared to those referred for outpatient follow-up appointments. The 'Meds to Beds' model dramatically improves cure rates by bringing treatment to bedside before discharge.
Researchers have identified a key immunoregulatory mechanism in aspergillosis, where the dendritic cell receptor limits the host's response to fungal infections. Neutrophils play a crucial role in clearing fungal hyphae, and Dcir regulates their degranulation activity, which is essential for killing pathogens.
Even modest reductions in PrEP coverage result in thousands of avoidable HIV infections. The study estimates billions of dollars in increases in net health care costs due to these reductions.
A rat discovered on a flight from Miami to Berlin revealed hidden global health risks, including the presence of a methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strain nearly identical to human variants. The study highlights the importance of standardized pathogen screening for animal stowaways and rats as indicators of ecosystem health.
Researchers developed an unusual therapy using a cocktail of antibodies that protected mice from nearly every strain of influenza, including avian and swine variants. The therapy did not allow viral escape, even after repeated exposure in animals.
A recent study provides insights into the true impact of chikungunya on pediatric health, revealing diagnostic challenges and limited public health responses. Infants are especially susceptible to severe complications, emphasizing the need for improved research, diagnostics, surveillance, and policy.
A study examined the interactive effects of meteorological factors and air pollution on influenza cases in Huaian, China. The main findings showed that increasing PM2.5 levels decreased risk at low concentrations but increased risk at high concentrations.
A comprehensive registry study in Sweden found that healthy, full-term babies under three months old are at risk of severe illness from RSV. The study highlights several risk factors, including birth weight and sibling age, which increase the risk of needing intensive care or dying.
Researchers found that frail patients with residual intra-abdominal bacteria or fungi are at a higher risk of developing postoperative ileus and infections. The study suggests that incorporating frailty assessment and prehabilitation programs into surgical planning may help reduce complications.
Researchers found that dengue infection can reprogram the body's immune system, leaving a lasting genetic imprint that influences future infections. This effect is not seen with vaccination, but rather with gene activity patterns in specific types of immune cells that the dengue virus infects.
Researchers at UAB have published a study suggesting one dose of benzathine penicillin G is as effective as the three-injection regimen at treating early syphilis. The study found that one dose is sufficient to treat patients, reducing time and inconvenience associated with multiple injections.
Researchers discover how heme bound proteins catalyze hydrogen sulfide signaling in bacteria, leading to stress tolerance and antibiotic resistance. Disrupting this mechanism could inspire new antibiotic strategies against drug-resistant infections.
Researchers developed a high-volume method to rapidly build and test large numbers of antibodies at once, accelerating antibody research and treatment development. The oPool+ display platform has potential applications in influenza vaccination research, infectious disease treatment, and cancer research.
Researchers from academia and industry join forces to improve outbreak modelling readiness and inform policy decisions during disease outbreaks. The initiative provides datasets simulating real-time outbreak scenarios, enhancing global preparedness against HPAI's significant threat to animal and human health.
Researchers at Institute of Science Tokyo found that basophils suppress lung inflammation during ARDS recovery, suggesting potential treatment strategies. Basophils release interleukin-4, which helps immune cells coordinate responses and alleviate lung inflammation.
A new study finds that a specific mutation in the human APOL1 gene arose more frequently where it was needed to prevent disease, supporting a non-random pattern. This challenges the long-held notion of evolution driven by random mutations and introduces a new theory on how mutations arise.
Researchers discovered that atherosclerotic plaques contain gelatinous biofilms formed by bacteria, which can trigger inflammation and rupture of the plaque leading to myocardial infarction. The study also validated an antibody targeting these bacteria, suggesting new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for myocardial infarction.
A new study uses generative AI to quickly scan notes in electronic medical records and identify high-risk patients with potential H5N1 avian influenza exposure. The model detected 76 patients with high-risk exposures, including 14 confirmed cases of recent bird flu exposure.
Researchers discovered that mitochondria use folate to prevent infection by competing with invading pathogens. In a study on Toxoplasma gondii, scientists found that the parasite grew more slowly when mitochondrial metabolism consumed folate, a critical nutrient for its survival.
Despite federal law requiring some form of sexual education, a patchwork of state-level provisions mandate inaccurate or outdated curricula. Only 19 states require medically accurate instruction, while many states prioritize abstinence over comprehensive sex education.
A global systematic review and meta-analysis of hepatitis B care found significant drop-offs in diagnosis, treatment initiation, and long-term retention across 50 countries. Decentralized, integrated models are needed to improve patient engagement and meet the WHO's 2030 elimination goals.
A new study finds reported conflicts of interest on CDC vaccine panels had been at historic lows for years before Kennedy's dismissal. The type of conflict typically considered most concerning, income from vaccine makers, was virtually eliminated among panel members.
The Mount Sinai Hospital has launched the country's first clinical manual for treating infection-associated chronic illnesses (IACIs), a comprehensive guide for diagnosis and care. The manual covers extensive learnings from the Cohen Center and provides practical strategies for clinicians to support patients with conditions such as lon...
Researchers at McMaster University have discovered a new class of antifungal molecules called coniotins, which show potent activity against Candida auris and other fungal pathogens. The discovery responds to a growing clinical need for new antifungal medicines.
Researchers identify key symptom categories and biomarkers for anti-NMDAR encephalitis, a rare autoimmune brain condition. Clinical manifestations suggest the presence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis through NMDA antibody checks, uric acid levels, C-reactive protein, and thyroid-related hormones.
A multi-year clinical research study in US children documents the rebound of endemic respiratory viruses after the COVID-19 pandemic. The study shows that non-pharmaceutical interventions decreased circulation rates of common respiratory pathogens in children, enabling more accurate predictions for future outbreaks.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology examine how genetics, sex hormones, and environmental factors shape the immune system. Women have a stronger immune response due to their XX chromosomes and estrogen, but also face an increased risk of autoimmune diseases.
A new study found that most air cleaning technologies have not been tested on humans and their potential risks are not yet fully understood. Researchers recommend choosing technologies independently tested in real-world environments to reduce illness in homes, schools, or workplaces.
A national study finds that the percentage of patients who wait four or more hours for a hospital bed has increased significantly, with even lower rates during non-peak months. The issue, known as 'boarding,' has become a major concern, putting patient safety at risk and straining emergency departments.
A study published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases has shown that combining country-level information with individual-level variables can improve the identification of soil-transmitted helminth infections among migrant populations. Researchers found that country-level indicators are stronger predictors than individual-level variable...
Researchers conducted a randomized clinical trial to compare low- and high-dose methylprednisolone with azithromycin for treating severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. The study found that lower dose regimen of glucocorticoids is sufficient, equally effective, and safer than the high dose regimen.
A UK study monitored antimicrobial resistance and influenza viruses in water bodies frequented by wild birds, finding widespread AMR genes in 92% of samples. Influenza virus was detected in just 3.4% of samples, highlighting the need for more sensitive detection methods.
A nationwide study found that financial hardship, food insecurity, lack of healthcare access, and other social risk factors increase the risk of long COVID. The RECOVER-Adult cohort study analyzed 3,700 participants and found significant associations between individual-level social risk factors and increased risk of developing long COVID.
A new study has identified genetic changes in the parasite responsible for trichomoniasis that may have helped it adapt to human hosts. The research found dozens of genes associated with key functions such as phagocytosis and exosomes, which could be exploited for future treatments.
A nationwide study in Ukraine found substantial lifetime exposure to hepatitis B and C viruses, with significant ongoing circulation among the population. The study emphasizes the need for hepatitis B vaccination among infants and risk groups, as well as regular screening, treatment, and awareness-raising efforts.
A team of researchers led by Simona Stäger identified IRF-5 as a guardian of T cell metabolism and mitochondrial function. The discovery provides new strategies for boosting immunity to chronic infections or cancers, where T cell exhaustion is observed. IRF-5's role in preserving immune cell energy could play a key role in this approach.
Researchers find that albumin triggers a shift in fungal behavior, causing previously non-harmful Candida strains to grow strongly and release toxic compounds.
A study published in PLOS One found a clear link between low vitamin D levels and an increased risk of being hospitalized by COVID-19. However, no association was found between low vitamin D and the risk of catching COVID-19.
Researchers have discovered ancestral evolutionary links of Aspergillus latus strains through genome sequencing analyses, revealing potential for reduced susceptibility to antifungal medications. The study highlights the need for improved molecular diagnostic tools to accurately identify A. latus strains and manage aspergillosis.
This study uses an analytical model to examine the effects of influenza vaccination on both vaccinated and unvaccinated populations. The results show that vaccination provides significant reductions in disease burden, even when vaccine effectiveness is low, but these benefits are limited in high transmission situations.
A new study from Cornell University researchers found that avian flu causes severe mastitis and decreased milk production in dairy cows. The economic loss is estimated to be around $950 per clinically affected cow, totaling approximately $737,500 for a single herd.
The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation predicts a 8% decline in development assistance for health by 2030, following a 51% decrease since 2021. This could compromise global health progress, particularly for vulnerable populations and infectious disease treatment.
A UK clinical trial found that almost nine in ten patients with a penicillin allergy label were not truly allergic after testing, and had their allergy label safely removed. This could help patients access more effective antibiotics and combat antibiotic resistance.
Researchers from University of Zurich and Basel decode historical specimen to understand how 1918-1920 influenza pandemic evolved in Europe. The Swiss genome reveals three key adaptations that made the virus more resistant to human immunity and more infectious.
Researchers identified over 250 proteins that change during malaria infection, enabling patients to be grouped according to severity. This allows for quicker identification of high-risk patients and more effective treatment.
Researchers used an optogenetic platform to discover dozens of molecules that can act as pan-antivirals, including two chemical scaffolds that could serve as development candidates. The compounds were tested on Zika, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and herpes, showing promising results.