Articles tagged with Lung Cancer
Researchers found that smokers' lungs have a different inflammatory environment, leading to a specific subset of T cells that evade the body's immune response. This knowledge could lead to new treatments tailored to patients based on their smoking history.
The National Cancer Centre Singapore has strengthened its position as a leader in shaping local and international clinical trials targeted at improving outcomes for Asian cancers. A pivotal phase III trial co-chaired by a NCCS clinician scientist delivered positive results, increasing recurrence-free survival of patients with hepatocel...
Researchers discuss rapamycin's potential to delay cancer onset by slowing cell proliferation and tumor progression. The mTOR pathway is involved in both cancer and aging, making rapamycin a promising chemopreventive agent.
Researchers found that remnants of ancient retroviruses in the human genome can be targeted by antibodies to improve lung cancer treatment. The study suggests that boosting antibody responses could help predict patient response to immunotherapy and lead to improved outcomes.
Tumors with low PD-L1 levels use genetic strategies like MYC activation to avoid immune attack, but this can be predicted by monitoring for MYC status. The study's findings could lead to new clinical trials assessing MYC status as a marker for selecting patients for immunotherapy.
The S2302 Pragmatica-Lung trial is designed to be inclusive and easy to conduct, with few limits on eligibility. The study aims to answer whether a combination of ramucirumab and pembrolizumab helps patients with stage 4 non-small cell lung cancer live longer than usual treatments.
Enoblituzumab, a monoclonal antibody, is safe in men with aggressive prostate cancer and may induce clinical activity against cancer throughout the body. The drug targets B7-H3 protein overexpressed on prostate cancer cells, blocking immune system inhibition and triggering tumor cell destruction by activating immune cells.
A team of scientists from City University of Hong Kong and HKUST discovered novel, tridimensional compounds with high anticancer activity and low toxicity. These compounds can overcome drug resistance in cancer cells by inducing a different cell death pathway.
The LSU Health New Orleans Louisiana Tumor Registry released the sixth report of statewide cancer incidence rates by census tract, finding that 81% of tracts met criteria for all cancers combined. Census tracts with statistically higher incidence rates were found in parishes including Orleans, Lafourche, and St. Bernard.
Researchers found that neutrophils can be pro- or anti-tumour depending on their surface markers, and those fighting tumours share cytotoxic power with neutrophils in bacterial infections. Blocking these anti-tumour neutrophils eliminates treatment benefits.
The study found that downregulation of angulin-1/LSR leads to increased claudin-2 expression and altered cell metabolism in human lung adenocarcinoma cells, promoting malignancy. Researchers identified AG1478 and EW-7197 as potential therapeutic agents.
Seer researchers identified four structurally distinct protein isoforms that were differentially expressed in non-small cell lung cancer patients. These findings suggest that these protein isoforms may play a role in NSCLC disease pathogenesis, potentially leading to the development of new diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets.
Researchers found significant decreases in the levels of KRAS, RHOA, RAC1, and CDC42 after PCAI treatment, implicating their role in cancer progression and metastasis. These findings support the potential of PCAIs as potent agents for developing new anticancer therapeutics.
Cancer cells have been found to employ a strategy to evade the immune system's killer T cells by interacting with myeloid cells and suppressing type 1 interferon production. This natural pathway is crucial for recruiting killer T cells to combat cancer spread. Researchers hope to develop new therapeutic approaches, such as forcing tumo...
A proactive patient education/recruitment program, administered with a nurse navigator, identified 37.3% more eligible patients for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screenings for lung cancer. The program led to a 42% increase in LDCT prescriptions among willing and eligible patients.
Researchers developed a 3D cell culture system to test fibroblast inhibitors with anti-cancer drugs. Combining nintedanib with cisplatin increased the latter's efficacy in suppressing cancer growth and invasion. The study provides a promising tool for preclinical drug testing.
Researchers found that select patients with early-stage disease who undergo a less invasive procedure have comparable outcomes to traditional lobectomy. The study adds evidence supporting the preservation of functional lung tissue in cancer patients whenever possible.
Researchers studied how tumors adapt to Sotorasib and found that gene amplification and transcriptional programs lead to resistance. This knowledge can help develop targeted treatments for patients with KRAS mutations, potentially increasing survival rates.
Researchers at the Salk Institute discovered that combining two therapeutic drugs, entinostat and trametinib, can significantly reduce tumor volume and number in mice with LKB1-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. The findings could lead to clinical trials in humans and potentially transform treatment for cancers beyond NSCLC.
A Phase II trial led by researchers from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center demonstrated that adding ipilimumab to a neoadjuvant combination of nivolumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy resulted in a major pathologic response in half of all treated patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. The treatment also...
A study of US newspaper articles found that lung cancer screening was generally positively covered between 2010 and 2022. However, crucial aspects such as enrollment criteria and cost issues were frequently omitted, highlighting a need for radiologists to take an active role in media coverage.
Researchers used PET and electron microscopy to create detailed maps of mitochondrial networks in lung tumors. They found distinct subpopulations of mitochondria organizing with organelles to support tumor cell metabolism.
Researchers at Garvan Institute of Medical Research found that introducing bacteria to a tumor's microenvironment triggers an immune response, activating neutrophils to destroy tumors in animal models. This breakthrough therapy targets neutrophils to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
The March issue of CHEST journal features 44 articles on topics such as asthma, critical care, and sleep medicine. The journal also includes complementary web resources, including visual abstracts.
The HALP score, a novel immune-nutritional marker, has been linked to prognostic ability in different cancer types. It integrates indicators of immune status and nutritional status, showing promise as a cost-effective biomarker.
Lung cancer patients with moderate to severe depression are 2-3 times more likely to have inflammation levels that predict poor survival rates, according to a new study. The results suggest depression may be as important or even more important than other factors in determining lung cancer outcomes.
Lung cancer death rates are projected to decrease overall in the EU and UK in 2023, however, a concerning trend is observed among women in France, Italy, and Spain. Meanwhile, pancreatic cancer death rates are forecasted to rise among women due to continued smoking habits.
A large new study found that hormone therapy does not increase the risk of lung cancer development in postmenopausal women and may even reduce it. The study, based on data from over 38,000 women, suggests that higher cumulative dosages of hormone therapy are associated with a lower risk of developing lung cancer.
A new study finds that rising temperatures will increase harmful plant emissions and dust, leading to a 14% boost in air pollution. The degradation in future air quality from natural sources is predicted to be significant, with two-thirds of the pollution coming from plants.
Researchers discovered a metabolic difference in lung tumor cells between humans and mice, explaining previous study results. The finding suggests targeting the LKB1-controlled metabolic pathway for lung adenocarcinoma treatment.
Scientists mapped DNA damage caused by a compound found in cigarette smoke and industrial air. The study provides insight into how this compound damages DNA and can help predict genetic mutations related to human cancers. The technique could aid in forecasting exposures that lead to cancers.
Researchers examined three epigenetic age acceleration measurements and found inverse associations with lung cancer risk in men and younger participants. However, these findings did not support a positive association between epigenetic age measures and lung cancer risk in the study.
Researchers at NUS Cancer Science Institute discover FAM3C in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles promotes distant lung tumour colonization. FAM3C enhances cellular transformation and stimulates metastasis potential, offering new therapeutic strategy targets.
Patients with resectable NSCLC treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab show improved five-year recurrence-free and overall survival rates compared to historical outcomes. Major pathological responses after neoadjuvant nivolumab may be associated with lower risk of disease recurrence and death.
A smart necklace called SmokeMon tracks a user's every puff and provides valuable insights into their smoking behavior. By analyzing heat signatures, the device can detect when a cigarette is being lit, how much smoke is inhaled, and when the person holds it to their mouth, helping to prevent relapse and improve quit rates.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute discovered a new way to activate dendritic cells, which can produce strong anti-tumor immunity. The approach uses an oncolytic virus expressing CD40 ligand and IFNβ, reducing tumor size and activating immune cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center have identified CD70 as a novel therapeutic target for eliminating drug-resistant cancer cells in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. CD70 targeting strategies showed significant anti-tumor activity, eliminating resistant cells in laboratory models.
The February issue of the CHEST journal features 37 articles exploring various topics in chest medicine, including asthma, COPD, and pulmonary vascular disease. The journal also highlights its equity topic collection, focusing on conditions that affect women, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and sarcoidosis.
A phase 3 clinical trial of nearly 700 patients with early-stage lung cancer found that sublobar resection surgery, removing part of the affected lobe, was as effective as traditional lobectomy in terms of disease-free and overall survival. Patients who underwent sublobar resection also showed modestly better lung function.
Researchers found that AI significantly improved the detection of lung nodules on chest X-rays, detecting actionable nodules at a rate of 0.59% compared to 0.25% without AI assistance. The study suggests that AI may work consistently across different populations.
A systematic review found that higher vitamin D intake was associated with a 15% decreased likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes in adults with prediabetes. Inexpensive vitamin D supplementation could delay the development of diabetes in over 10 million people worldwide.
Cancer screening rates for breast and lung cancers persisted despite initial pandemic surges, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The study found that successful strategies to improve screening rates must address pandemic-related barriers.
A new study reveals that the immune system mounts a weak response to lung cancer due to an environment created by bacteria in the lymph nodes near the lungs. T-cell responses are suppressed by regulatory T cells and interferon gamma produced in response to commensal bacterial presence.
A team of experts discovered a recruitment mechanism for cancer-associated fibroblasts in lung adenocarcinoma, the most frequent type of lung cancer. This finding could lead to the development of new treatments targeting these cells' migratory advantage, which contributes to tumor progression and metastasis.
A research team led by Professor Kwang-Hyun Cho at KAIST has developed a fundamental technology to revert metastatic lung cancer cells to a non-metastatic state. This breakthrough could lead to the elimination of drug resistance and metastatic potential in cancer cells, while increasing their responsiveness to chemotherapy.
A study found that nearly half of Medicare patients with non-small cell lung cancer do not receive the recommended FDG PET/CT imaging prior to radiation therapy, leading to decreased overall and cancer-specific survival rates. This lack of adherence is linked to greater mortality rates.
Researchers found poor adherence to surgical quality metrics in lung cancer patients, with only 40% receiving minimally invasive surgery and one-third receiving adequate lymph node sampling. Adherence to guidelines was associated with improved overall survival rates.
The January issue of the CHEST journal features a range of clinically relevant research on COPD, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary vascular disease. The journal's education portal offers continuing medical education (CME) credit for select articles.
A new biopsy procedure is developed with a multispectral confocal endomicroscope to aid in lung tissue imaging. The system allows for simultaneous imaging of multiple fluorescent dyes, enabling unique identification and spectral unmixing.
Researchers at Australian National University and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre found that targeting the Menin protein can reactivate dormant genes, making cancer cells visible to the immune system. This discovery could lead to more effective treatments for lymphoma and lung cancer by combining Menin inhibitors with existing therapies.
A new AI tool called Sybil has been developed to predict the risk of lung cancer for individuals with or without a significant smoking history. It uses deep-learning models to analyze low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) scans and provides accurate predictions for up to six years.
Ringlike peripheral high iodine concentration maps from dual-energy CT can help guide management in patients with known lung cancer and an indeterminate solitary nodule. This finding showed excellent interobserver agreement, high specificity, and independently predicted pulmonary metastasis.
Researchers found that a protein called XBP1s enhances tumor survival by suppressing the anti-cancer activity of neighboring immune cells. This discovery could lead to new treatments that overcome this tumor defense mechanism and improve outcomes for lung cancer patients.
Researchers developed predictive models using serum microRNAs to identify patients at risk of requiring early palliative care. The study used serum samples from 178 patients with various types of cancer and found that miRNA-based models had higher accuracy than clinical models in predicting referral to a palliative care unit.
Researchers from Okayama University found that Actinidia arguta (Sarunashi) juice and its component isoquercetin inhibit lung cancer development in mice, accelerating DNA repair and suppressing Akt-mediated growth signaling. The study suggests Sarunashi juice as an attractive candidate for chemoprevention.
A new AI tool developed by Brigham and Women's Hospital improves the accuracy of time-critical pathology diagnostics during surgery. The tool, which leverages deep-learning technology, translates frozen tissue samples into high-quality images, increasing diagnostic accuracy and reducing the need for lengthy laboratory tests.
Researchers at Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science have developed a preclinical evaluation pipeline for characterization of bacterial therapies in lung cancer models. They combined bacterial therapies with other modalities of treatment to improve treatment efficacy without any additional toxicity.
Researchers investigate how lung cancers evade the immune system to develop more effective immunotherapy treatments. The study aims to uncover a new way lung cancers disguise themselves from the immune system, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes.
A study from the University of Colorado Cancer Center highlights the need for more data on pregnancy and targeted therapy in women with oncogene-driven lung cancer. The authors share their experience with pregnancies and surrogacy, emphasizing the importance of informed decision-making.
Researchers found that muscle wasting severity is related to the type, size and location of tumors in mice, with different tumors causing varying levels of wasting. The study's findings have crucial implications for understanding how different cancers affect muscle mass and developing effective treatments.