Articles tagged with Thyroid Cancer
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A study of 992 patients with asymptomatic benign thyroid nodules found that most exhibited no significant growth over a 5-year period, and diagnoses of thyroid cancer were rare. The study suggests that current guidelines for follow-up may be overly aggressive and that individualized surveillance strategies could be more efficient.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have identified Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 as an oncogenic enzyme crucial to the survival of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Inhibiting this molecule has been shown to effectively shut down ATC cell growth and induce cell death.
In a Phase III study, lenvatinib showed dramatic improvement in progression-free survival for patients with advanced radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. The therapy significantly improved overall response rate and survival rates compared to placebo.
A study of nearly 12,000 people in Belarus found that higher radiation doses were associated with more aggressive tumor features, such as spread to lymphatic vessels. The findings have implications for those exposed to radioactive iodine fallout from the Fukushima nuclear reactor incidents.
A comprehensive analysis of nearly 500 papillary thyroid carcinomas has provided new insights into the roles of frequently mutated cancer genes. The study identified molecular subtypes that can help clinicians determine tumor aggressiveness and potential responses to treatments.
A comprehensive analysis of thyroid cancer has identified markers of aggressive tumors, which could lead to better targeting of treatments. The study suggests the potential to reclassify the disease based on genetic markers and moves thyroid cancer into a position to benefit from precision medicine.
A new biomarker, CLIP2, has been discovered that distinguishes between radiation-induced and sporadic thyroid carcinomas. The marker increases in both genetic activity and protein expression after radiation exposure.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute identified two previously unknown mutations in a cancer patient's DNA that led to an extraordinary response to the drug everolimus. The study highlights the potential of personalized medicine and may help develop new therapeutic strategies for other patients with similar mutations.
The new guidelines emphasize the effectiveness of levothyroxine in most patients with hypothyroidism, but note that some individuals may not regain optimal health. Alternative treatments are also discussed, but no consistently strong evidence supports their superiority.
Pennsylvania is experiencing a higher rise in thyroid cancer incidence compared to the rest of the US, with significant increases seen in white women and black women. The study suggests that actual disease increase contributes to the rising rates, not just increased detection.
A molecular testing panel developed at UPMC has improved the chances of correct initial surgery for thyroid cancer patients by 30 percent. The test, available at the UPMC/UPCI Multidisciplinary Thyroid Center, bypasses initial surgeries and allows for more efficient removal of cancerous tissue.
A new analysis found certain cancers are more concentrated in areas with high poverty, while others arise in wealthy regions. Areas with higher poverty have lower cancer incidence and higher mortality than those with lower poverty.
Researchers at TGen identified the ALK-EML4 gene fusion as the genetic driver of an aggressive type of thyroid cancer. The study's findings suggest that this fusion can be targeted with existing drug crizotinib, offering a new treatment option for patients with radioiodine-resistant aggressive papillary thyroid cancer.
Secondary thyroid cancer is more deadly for young individuals compared to primary thyroid cancer. This study highlights the importance of screening young cancer survivors to detect potentially life-threatening tumors.
Researchers from NUS have discovered laminin-5 gamma-2 as a potential target for treating anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), a highly aggressive and untreatable form of cancer. The protein's silencing inhibited tumour growth, cell migration, and invasion in ATC cells.
Researchers have discovered a potential cure for triple negative breast cancer using a vaccinia virus engineered to make cancer cells produce radioiodine. The discovery, published in The FASEB Journal, has shown promising results in laboratory experiments and offers new hope for treating deadly and resistant forms of cancer.
A recent study by UCLA researchers found that minority patients and those of lower socioeconomic status are more likely to have advanced thyroid cancer at diagnosis. Black patients faced the worst outcomes, while Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander patients surprisingly survived longer despite having later-stage disease.
The American Thyroid Association has developed new ethics guidelines specific to the field of thyroidology, addressing ethical dilemmas and questions that arise in patient care. The guidelines provide clear guidance on disclosure of conflicts of interest and professional integrity, offering timely recommendations for endocrine practice.
Researchers have discovered that tumors with specific microRNA segments are more likely to recur after surgery. Elevated blood levels of these genetic markers may also indicate a higher risk of recurrence. The findings suggest a potential for using microRNA profiles to classify thyroid tumors and monitor cancer progression.
Researchers identified chromosomal rearrangements that result in fusion oncogenes in post-Chernobyl radiation-induced thyroid cancers. These events promote upregulation of MAPK signaling, a common cancer-associated pathway. The study offers new understanding into how ionizing radiation exposure contributes to cancer development.
A study led by a CU School of Medicine researcher has confirmed the Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) test can accurately identify benign thyroid nodules, significantly reducing the need for unnecessary surgeries. The test was found to have a very high negative predictive value, with only one nodule out of 71 identified as cancerous.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered that the Cdk5 protein is overexpressed in medullary thyroid cancer cells and can fuel their growth. This finding has implications for neuroendocrine cancers, including lung and pancreatic cancer, and could lead to new treatments.
Researchers have identified a protein called Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) that may predict which patients with thyroid cancer are most likely to experience recurrence. High levels of PD-L1 were associated with a higher likelihood of cancer spreading and recurrence.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in treating advanced thyroid cancer, demonstrating the effectiveness of kinase inhibitors that target tumor cell division and blood vessels. Clinical trials showcase improved progression-free survival rates for patients with BRAF and RAS mutations.
The National Cancer Institute has renewed a five-year, $11.3 million grant to support research on thyroid cancer at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center. The study focuses on four integrated projects to better understand genetic pathways and signaling in epithelial thyroid cancer.
Mayo Clinic researchers found that high-tech imaging technologies are leading to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of low-risk papillary thyroid cancer. This is exposing patients to unnecessary treatments with potential complications such as nerve injury. The study calls for more research on care for these patients.
Patients with low-risk papillary thyroid cancer are being overtreated with surgeries and radioactive iodine, despite stable death rates. The US has seen a significant increase in thyroidectomies and radioactive iodine use between 1973 and 2009.
Researchers found three ultrasound nodule characteristics associated with thyroid cancer risk: microcalcifications, size >2cm, and solid composition. Adopting a stringent approach requiring two abnormal nodule characteristics could reduce unnecessary biopsies while maintaining low cancer risk.
A team of researchers from UCSF analyzed medical records and found that most thyroid nodules are benign, not malignant cancers. They suggest biopsying only patients with microcalcifications or large solid nodules over two centimeters in diameter to reduce unnecessary procedures.
A study found that access to healthcare is a key driver in the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer. Insured individuals are more likely to be diagnosed with thyroid cancer than those without insurance, highlighting the need for targeted measures to prevent overdiagnosis.
A new genetic test can accurately identify benign thyroid nodules in nearly all cases, potentially saving thousands of surgeries and eliminating the need for permanent hormone supplementation. This breakthrough test could have a major impact on healthcare costs and complications related to unnecessary medical procedures.
A randomized phase III trial found sorafenib stops tumor growth and provides effective treatment for thyroid cancer patients who progress following standard therapies. The therapy also thwarts disease progression even among those whose tumors do not regress, with median progression-free survival of 10.8 months.
A recent study found that nearly all children and teenagers with differentiated thyroid cancer due to radiation have responded favorably to treatment, with 64% in complete remission. The findings suggest victims of recent nuclear accidents like Fukushima may face a lower risk of developing advanced-stage thyroid cancer.
A study found that patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) who have the BRAF V600E genetic mutation are at higher risk of death. However, overall mortality rates for PTC are low, and the association between the mutation and mortality was not independent of tumor characteristics.
Researchers found that selumetinib increased iodine uptake in tumors resistant to radioiodine therapy, allowing some patients to undergo treatment. The study shows promise for RAS-mutant disease and paves the way for a larger clinical trial.
Researchers discovered two new genes, PIK3CA and AKT1, linked to Cowden syndrome, a condition carrying high cancer risks. The findings promote diagnosis, clinical management, and genetic counseling, aiding predictive testing.
Researchers found that doses from mammography scatter radiation are negligible and do not increase cancer risk. The use of thyroid shields is unnecessary due to the extremely low dose received by the gland.
Researchers at Cleveland Clinic have found that vitamin E may reduce cancer risk in individuals with Cowden Syndrome, a genetic disorder that increases the risk of breast and thyroid cancers. Vitamin E's antioxidant properties may help prevent cellular damage caused by mutations in succinate dehydrogenase genes.
Researchers developed a Bayesian Artificial Neural Network model to analyze gene expression levels from over 90 FNA samples. The model identified eight biomarkers capable of distinguishing between malignant and benign tumours with high accuracy. This approach could potentially reduce the number of people with benign nodules undergoing ...
A phase 2 trial shows vandetanib significantly improves progression-free survival and disease control rate for patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer, particularly those with papillary thyroid cancer. However, increased toxicities were observed.
A molecule believed to suppress tumor growth is found to accelerate anaplastic thyroid cancer cell growth when active. Researchers discovered a potential therapeutic target by identifying a gene promoting growth in cancer cells.
A study by the Society of Nuclear Medicine found that most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer have excellent survival rates, similar to those without the disease. The majority of patients with early-stage thyroid cancer can live a long and healthy life, thanks to advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
A review of medical records suggests that obese patients present with more advanced stage and aggressive forms of papillary thyroid cancer. The study found that higher BMI was associated with more advanced disease stage at presentation, particularly in the obese and morbidly obese categories.
SPECT/CT scans have been shown to change clinical management in thyroid cancer patients by improving staging and risk stratification. The technology has been used both post-operatively and pre-ablation to identify metastatic lesions and adjust treatment approaches, leading to avoidance of unnecessary therapy.
Researchers found three genes linked to an increased risk of thyroid cancer, including PTEN, which is a tumor suppressor gene. The study recommends increased surveillance for children with PTEN mutation-causing Cowden syndrome-related disease.
Researchers found that routine removal of neck lymph nodes during initial thyroid surgery for papillary thyroid cancer may lead to lower disease recurrence rates and lower levels of thyroglobulin, a thyroid tumor marker. This procedure may reduce the need for further surgeries in the critical central area of the neck.
Researchers identify a new way to boost the aged immune response to flu viruses by inhibiting PGD2. They also discover that targeting BRAF in thyroid cancers could restore the efficacy of RAI therapy. Additionally, exploring EGFR as a therapeutic target for Cushing disease may provide new treatment options.
Researchers have found that thyroid cancers with BRAF mutations are exquisitely dependent on the BRAF signaling pathway for viability. Treatments targeting this pathway can restore radioiodine incorporation, suggesting a new therapeutic approach for patients with BRAF-positive papillary thyroid carcinomas.
Thyroid dysfunction is a common side effect of antineoplastic agents in 20-50% of cancer patients, causing fatigue, weakness, and depression. Researchers recommend screening for thyroid disease and monitoring of thyroid function tests to improve patient quality of life.
A study aims to utilize Galectin-3 and HBME-1 proteins as biomarkers for thyroid cancer diagnosis, enabling earlier detection and reducing surgical interventions. The research has the potential to improve patient outcomes by accurately identifying patients at risk of cancer.
A study published in The Lancet found that World Trade Center-exposed New York City male firefighters are 19% more likely to have cancer compared to their non-exposed colleagues, as well as a comparable sample of the general population. The study analyzed data from 9853 male firefighters and found increased cancer incidence rates in WT...
A study found a significant increase in use of radioactive iodine after surgery for well-differentiated thyroid cancer, with variation in practice patterns among hospitals. The use was more common in younger patients without comorbidities and those with lower tumor stages.
A new study from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center found that thyroid cancer treatment varies greatly depending on where patients receive care. Radioactive iodine treatment is being used more frequently overall, but hospital factors play a significant role in its use, accounting for 29% of variation.
A Mayo Clinic study has found that a mutant gene thought to accelerate tumor growth actually inhibits the spread of malignant cells, showing promise for novel cancer therapies. The PAX8/PPARγ fusion protein functions as a tumor suppressor by upregulating anti-tumor agents.
Georgia Health Sciences University surgeons developed a robotic facelift incision technique for removing diseased thyroid tissue, reducing the risk of neck scars and other complications. The procedure is considered safe for some patients, particularly those with larger thyroids or known cancers.
New studies on Fukushima's aftermath might uncover more accurate estimates of health consequences of nuclear power plant accidents, including thyroid cancer risks for children and young adults. The authors also highlight the psychological burden of nuclear disasters on those affected.
A long-term study found that children exposed to head and neck radiation have a lifelong increased risk of developing thyroid cancer. The study, published in Radiation Research, indicates that even low doses of radiation can increase the risk, and that this risk continues for at least 57 years.
The AAO-HNSF miniseminars discussed presbycusis, a growing concern for older adults with hearing loss. The researchers also presented new medullary thyroid cancer guidelines, highlighting the need for familiarity with unique diagnostic and treatment paradigms. Additionally, safety concerns in pediatric ambulatory surgery were emphasized.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic found that pazopanib significantly decreased progression rate in patients with metastatic, rapidly progressive differentiated thyroid cancers. The median progression-free survival time was 11.7 months, with an overall survival rate of 81 percent at one year.
A phase 2 trial found that pazopanib, an antiangiogenetic drug, significantly improved outcomes for patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancers. Approximately 49% of patients experienced a partial response, with two-thirds likely to have a lasting response over 1 year.