Articles tagged with Immune System
Researchers discovered a novel molecular mechanism by which HCV interferes with the host's immune system, leading to chronic infection. The study found that HCV core protein is degraded via SPP and MHC class I proteins, impairing proper immune response and allowing infection to become chronic.
A recent study has discovered a subtype of immune cells called dendritic cells, which become activated in the liver and promote the progression of non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH). Manipulating these cells may lead to new treatments for NASH, a condition that can lead to life-threatening cirrhosis and liver cancer.
A new study by University of Tsukuba researchers reveals how two receptors, DNAM-1 and TIGIT, maintain the necessary balance between immune activation and suppression to prevent autoimmune diseases. The findings suggest that an imbalance in this mechanism may contribute to autoimmunity, providing potential targets for treatment.
Scientists at Medical College of Georgia are working on a synthetic version of the HLA-G molecule to protect transplanted kidneys from rejection. They hope this therapy will enable dose reduction of standard immunosuppressive drugs, reducing the risk of infections and other medical problems.
A new study found that artificial food colorants like Red 40 and Yellow 6 can cause disease in mice with dysregulated immune systems, specifically colitis. Researchers are now investigating the potential impact on humans, given that similar cytokine IL-23 dysregulation is a factor in human inflammatory bowel disease.
SARS-CoV-2 employs a three-pronged strategy to outsmart the immune system, including reducing gene translation, degrading messenger RNAs, and preventing mRNA export. This 'host shutoff' tactic delays and muddles the immune response, resulting in severe symptoms of COVID-19.
A new stem cell-based vaccine has demonstrated 75% protection against pancreatic cancer in a mouse study. The vaccine targets multiple antigens found on pancreatic cancer cells, potentially leading to a more durable immune response.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet discovered a mechanism allowing meningitis-causing bacteria to evade the immune system by sensing temperature changes. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae produce safeguards in response to rising temperatures, boosting their defenses against immune attacks.
A new study found that counties with more green spaces have lower racial disparities in coronavirus infection rates, possibly due to equal access to health benefits. Green spaces are associated with improved cognitive performance, reduced stress and increased social cohesion.
A study by University of Copenhagen researchers reveals how sugar molecules bind to cell receptors, activating the immune system in autoimmune diseases. The discovery also sheds light on the development of Alzheimer's disease, identifying a potential natural sugar that binds to the Siglec-3 receptor.
A study published in eLife found that an overgrowth of yeast in the gut within the first few months of life may increase the risk of asthma later on. The period after birth is critical for immune system development and gut microbiome health, and disruptions to gut bacteria can lead to asthma.
A University of Minnesota Medical School study found that organ tissues develop immunity to viruses over time, leading to a broader understanding of the immune system's role in surveillance. The research reveals that up to 25% of cells in organs are immune cells, significantly contributing to the body's cellular makeup.
Research identifies SARS-CoV-2 variants emerging from immunocompromised hosts, leading to increased frequency of mutations. The study highlights the importance of monitoring genetic changes in SARS-CoV-2 to design effective vaccines and diagnostics.
A new study has found that inhibiting a protein called SELP can block the spread of Glioblastoma cancer cells in the brain. By doing so, the treatment may be able to slow down or even halt the progression of this deadly type of brain cancer.
Early life antibiotic exposure disrupts beneficial gut bacteria, leading to reduced regulatory T-cells and increased allergic responses. The study found that this disruption occurred as early as six months after birth, persisting into adulthood.
A new clinical study, SINT1A, is underway to prevent type 1 diabetes in children by administering a probiotic containing Bifidobacterium Infantis. The study aims to promote a healthy intestinal flora and reduce the risk of autoimmunity against insulin.
Researchers at Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute discover WAVE2's crucial role in regulating immune system balance. Disabling WAVE2 in mice leads to severe autoimmunity and inflammation, highlighting its importance in maintaining a balanced immune response.
University of Cincinnati assistant professor Ashley Ross is developing tools to detect and study chemical signals between the brain and immune system using a federal grant. Her research aims to understand how neurons regulate inflammation and develop new therapies.
Scientists have discovered that sugars called mannoses play a crucial role in the immune system's response to malaria and sickle cell disease. This breakthrough could lead to new therapeutic approaches for treating these diseases.
Scientists have identified a promising antibody that can effectively fight HIV-1 by tracing new pathways for vaccine development. The study found that the binding strength of the antibody is directly correlated to its ability to neutralize HIV-1, and researchers discovered genetic mutations that enhance the antibody's potency against d...
A phase 2 trial led by La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) shows a promising combination therapeutic candidate for adults with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. The treatment combines anti-IL-21 antibody with liraglutide and has been found to increase endogenous insulin secretion without safety concerns.
A long-term study found that bottlenose dolphins in Louisiana's Barataria Bay, exposed to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, show abnormal immune responses and are more susceptible to pathogens. The researchers observed dysfunctional T-reg cells, which may be irreversible, raising concerns for the long-term recovery of these dolphins.
Research reveals how glycans on SARS-CoV-2's surface facilitate activation of the virus by altering spike protein structure. This finding holds potential for identifying treatments to block or prevent viral activation.
A new study published in Nature Communications found that high fructose diets can cause the immune system to become inflamed, leading to damage and increasing the risk of disease. The research also suggests a link between fructose consumption and obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Scientists visualized anti-CD20 antibody effects in tumors using innovative imaging, finding macrophages play a crucial role in therapy efficacy. The study suggests increasing macrophage presence could boost therapeutic antibody effectiveness.
A team of researchers from Aarhus University successfully understood why a very extended structure is crucial for an essential protein from the human immune system. The study offers new opportunities to adjust the immune system's activity both up and down, with potential applications in cancer treatment and autoimmune disease therapy.
A new study by the University of Limerick reveals that a person's immune system directly affects their long-term risk of death, with conscientious individuals showing lower levels of interleukin-6 leading to increased longevity. The research provides insight into the biological mechanisms underlying personality traits and mortality risk.
Researchers at Cardiff University have discovered a unique way to target human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a master at hiding from the immune system. A new type of antibody marks infected cells, allowing the immune system to see and kill them.
Scientists have discovered genes involved in autoimmune Addison's disease, a life-threatening hormonal deficiency caused by immune system destruction. The discovery could lead to personalized treatment options and may determine the molecular repercussions of predisposing genetic variations.
A traditional Tanzanian diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables has been shown to have a beneficial effect on inflammation and immune system functioning. In contrast, an urban Western-style diet with more saturated fats and processed foods led to increased inflammatory proteins.
A large-scale genetic study found that variants of nine genes increase the risk of developing Addison's disease, a rare autoimmune disorder. The study identified specific gene variants associated with the disease, including the AIRE gene, which plays a crucial role in immune system function.
Long-COVID symptoms persist for over 12 weeks in many patients, causing health problems like cough, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties. Researchers explore potential pathways and propose strategies to manage symptoms using insights from studies of chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and depression.
Inherited genetic variation plays a role in who responds best to checkpoint inhibitors, which release the immune system's brakes. The study identified 22 regions or genes with significant effects on the immune system's response to cancer.
Researchers at KU Leuven and Seoul National University create method to stimulate immune system cells to repair damaged tissues, offering new potential treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. The technique involves targeting specific macrophage cells with liposomes containing a substance that triggers tissue regeneration.
Researchers found that common fungi in the gut teach the immune system to respond to more dangerous relatives, priming immunity against infection. The discovery offers a potential new therapy to combat deadly fungal infections.
The immune system surveils the brain from a distance and only enters when it finds a problem. This finding explains why the brain was thought to be immunoprivileged. Targeting immune cells at surveillance sites may lead to new treatments for conditions driven by brain inflammation, such as multiple sclerosis.
Researchers at Monash University have discovered two novel molecules that provide profound protection in experimental models of asthma and reduce the severity of asthma attacks. These molecules, including one commercially available as a dietary supplement, also show promise in treating respiratory illness associated with COVID-19.
Researchers suggest that an exaggerated activation of the food quality control system, triggered by environmental changes such as processed food and hygiene products, contributes to food allergies. The study's findings could lay the groundwork for future treatment or prevention strategies.
University of Missouri scientists have discovered a genetically modified strain of salmonella that can target and kill prostate cancer cells, while leaving normal tissue intact. This breakthrough could lead to the development of personalized treatments tailored to individual patients' unique cancer characteristics.
Researchers update current research focus from 'immune-centric-only' view to better understand autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. The study identifies common gene expression changes at target tissues, highlighting the importance of studying both immune system and target tissues.
Researchers found that red algae polysaccharides can suppress the activity of immune cells in lab mice, reducing leukocyte count and congenital immunity cell activity. However, it is unclear whether this effect is beneficial or detrimental, and further study is needed to understand its potential as a pharmacological substance.
Researchers at Tohoku University found that a protein called Toll-1 plays a key role in regulating cell adhesion and sorting during fruit fly development. This process helps maintain the boundaries between different cell populations and ensures proper tissue formation.
A recent study published in Nutrients suggests that mothers who consume more cow's milk during breastfeeding have children with lower rates of food allergies. The researchers found a clear connection between the mother's intake of milk and dairy products and the smaller incidence of food allergy in their children.
Scientists at the Ragon Institute found that neutralizing antibody potency is significantly reduced in patients with severe or fatal COVID-19 compared to those with milder infections. The study suggests measuring antibody potency could predict patient outcomes and guide treatment options.
Tumor cells produce excess complement protein iC3b to mask abnormal proteins, evading immune cell attack. The immune system relies on a flexible receptor CR3 to distinguish between 'I belong' and 'I don't belong' tags.
Researchers identified a rare case where COVID-19 triggered a recurrence of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in a 54-year-old man with prior episodes, highlighting the need for closer observation in patients with autoimmune disorders. The study provides new insights into treating COVID-19 patients with nerve-targeting autoimmune disorders.
A study by RUDN University found that adding fern leaves powder to the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) improves their immune system and supports healthy growth. The experiment, published in Fish & Shellfish Immunology journal, showed no side effects from the natural additive.
Scientists at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have found elongated neutrophil-derived structures (ENDS) in the blood of septic patients, which break off from immune cells and change shape as they course through the body. ENDS are 100-fold more detectable in sepsis patients than healthy individuals.
A study by St. Petersburg University found that vaccination against tuberculosis with the BCG vaccine can slow down the spread of COVID-19 and reduce its course. The analysis showed a correlation between BCG vaccination and lower mortality rates in countries where national immunization programs are well-established.
Researchers at City of Hope developed a cancer-killing virus called CF33 that targets hard-to-treat tumors and stimulates an immune response. The oncolytic virus demonstrates increased PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and causes them to die, leading to lasting anti-tumor immunity.
A team of scientists from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore discovered that the protein NLRP1 detects the human rhinovirus (HRV) and triggers an immune response leading to inflammation in the lungs.
A Memorial Sloan Kettering study is the first to link gut microbiota to changes in the human immune system. The research used over 10 years of data from more than 2,000 patients undergoing blood stem cell transplants, revealing a unique relationship between microbiota and immune cell concentrations.
Researchers at Aarhus University have discovered that a part of the CRISPR-Cas system originated from toxin genes in bacteria and archaea, providing new insights into its evolutionary process. The study reveals an ongoing battle between microorganisms and viruses, with the discovery of anti-CRISPR proteins blocking the immune system.
Researchers find that Staphylococcus aureus thrives in glucose-rich diabetic conditions, triggering virulent features and unchecked infection. Understanding this mechanism could lead to treatments targeting the bacteria's glucose hunger.
A study published in Clinical and Translational Immunology found that individuals with severe COVID-19 responses exhibit increased levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10), a suppressor of cell inflammation. This discovery could provide a warning light for disease progression, but larger-scale studies are needed to confirm the findings.
Researchers have discovered a key enzyme SphK2 that suppresses the immune system's response to viral infections. The study found that inhibiting this enzyme can clear persistent viral infections and treat some types of cancer by promoting activation of the immune system.
Researchers discovered that the gut's local immune system creates antibodies tailored to specific microbiota, challenging the long-held assumption of a non-specific approach. This finding has significant implications for understanding the relationship between the immune system and the composition of our microbiomes.
Research suggests ancient parasites have co-opted mammalian hosts for evolutionary gain, influencing cognition, reproduction, immune response. Endogenous retroviruses also play a key role in placental development and the interferon response.
Researchers studied COVID-19 patients' immune systems, discovering potent biomarkers and patterns in T-cell and B-cell receptor proteins. The study aims to develop treatments inspired by the immune system, with potential clinical applications including prognostic tests and antibody therapies.
Severe COVID-19 cases linked to hyperactivated T cells in lungs, suggesting brake mechanism failure. Protein Foxp3 inhibition may lead to new treatment options.