Articles tagged with Innate Immune System
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) form tight anatomical associations with sensory, autonomic, and enteric nerve fibers, receiving neural regulation through activating and inhibitory pathways. ILC2s also secrete cytokines that can act back on neurons, forming positive feedback loops that modulate allergic and anti-infective immunity.
Researchers have developed a nondestructive imaging technique to measure single-cell immune metabolism in real patient blood samples, providing a higher level of information than current clinical techniques. This breakthrough could improve disease diagnosis and treatment for conditions like blood cancers, lupus, and sepsis.
Scientists at La Trobe University discovered lipid droplets play a critical role in the body's early detection and defence against viruses. The study found these fatty structures can stop viruses from spreading by changing their structure and signalling to the immune system.
Scientists have identified a unique chimeric RNA called UBA1-CDK16 that plays important roles in women's blood cell development and disease severity. The findings suggest the chimeric RNA may serve as a natural brake to protect women from excessive autoimmune activity.
Researchers found a protein called RAB5c that helps white blood cells kill Aspergillus fumigatus, a common airborne fungus. Without this protein, immune cells are disarmed despite attacking at full force. The discovery could lead to new treatments for patients with weakened immune systems.
The review outlines how vascular-immune crosstalk affects various diseases, revealing novel therapeutic opportunities. It highlights the shared embryonic origin of blood vessel cells and immune cells, as well as coordinated immune cell trafficking mechanisms.
Researchers from the Stowers Institute for Medical Research have identified a common process that powers the creation of protein formations that assemble like a 3D puzzle, triggering inflammation and cell death. This 'Catch-22' mechanism may be one of the fundamental reasons why we age.
A study led by Dr. Eliza McElwee finds that inflammation triggered by infection can lead to fetal brain inflammation and preterm birth. By administering a complement inhibitor, pregnant mice showed reduced inflammation and increased viability of offspring, suggesting a potential new therapeutic approach.
Scientists at Trinity College Dublin discovered that electrically stimulating macrophages can shift them into an anti-inflammatory state, promoting faster tissue repair. This breakthrough offers a potentially powerful new therapeutic option for treating inflammation-driven diseases and injuries.
A team of researchers identified a complex network of regulatory proteins responsible for triggering the most appropriate immune response in macrophages. This study offers new insights into macrophage biology and sheds light on how these cells coordinate their responses to various pathogens.
A USC Stem Cell mouse study identifies a small subset of blood stem cells as the primary driver of immune aging. The researchers found that this subset overproduces innate immune cells, leading to an age-associated imbalance and increased disease risk. By targeting this subset, the study suggests a potential therapy to delay immune agi...
Two proteins, viperins and argonautes, play important roles in human immunity, originating from Asgard archaea. These defense systems have been passed down for billions of years, providing a crucial line of defense against viruses.
Researchers at LMU University Hospital have discovered that plasmacytoid dendritic cells control the formation of new megakaryocytes from progenitor cells in bone marrow, regulating platelet production and potentially treating Covid-19. The study found pDCs precisely adjust MK quantities to meet bodily needs.
Researchers at Chiba University have discovered a new mechanism of ILC2 immune cell development, which may exacerbate allergic diseases. The study found that the induction of GATA3 expression by an ILC2-specific super-enhancer is essential for ILC2 differentiation.
ISB researchers identify NKG2A-biased immune responses as protective against decreased inflammation and increased survival rates in various disease contexts. The study suggests potential therapeutic targets for modifying immune responses across diseases.
A new study from EPFL reveals how the CRL5–SPSB3 ubiquitin ligase targets and degrades nuclear cGAS, preventing it from mistakenly attacking the body's own tissues. This regulation ensures a sophisticated balance between immune readiness and protecting the integrity of the cell's genome.
A new study by UCL researchers found that financial stress is detrimental to biological health, disrupting the communication between immune and neuroendocrine systems. This can lead to disease, including cardiovascular disease, depression, and schizophrenia.
Researchers found that the complement system remains activated in Long Covid patients, causing cell damage and tissue destruction. This abnormal activity can lead to thromboinflammation and other symptoms of the condition.
Researchers have found that the BCG vaccine can enhance innate immunity in individuals with dormant immune cells, predicting a positive response to vaccination. Trained immunity responders exhibited increased production of inflammatory mediators after vaccination.
Researchers found that cancer cells with multiple mutations alter cell competition, allowing them to infiltrate and form highly invasive tumors. The study identified a key mechanism, MMP21, which promotes the production of diffusely invasive cancer cells.
Researchers developed a ceria nanoparticle-immobilized mesenchymal stem cell nanovesicle hybrid system to treat rheumatoid arthritis. This approach provides both immediate pain relief through ROS scavenging and long-term immune tolerance by delivering immunomodulatory cytokines.
Researchers identified PUCH, a novel enzyme that produces small molecules called piRNAs to detect and prevent parasitic DNA from replicating in our genomes. This discovery sheds light on how our immune system works and may have implications for understanding innate immunity.
Researchers at Aarhus University have discovered a new method to activate the complement system using bispecific single-domain antibodies, termed BiCEs. These molecules can specifically target cancer cells and activate the complement system, leading to the killing of targeted cancer cells.
A Phase I/II clinical trial combining intratumoral delivery of an engineered oncolytic virus with subsequent immunotherapy improved survival outcomes in a subset of patients with recurrent glioblastoma. The study demonstrated the combination was well-tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities.
A new study at Umeå University reveals that tick-borne encephalitis virus infects distinct brain cell types and regions depending on the immune system's activation status. The researchers mapped the virus's behavior in the brain, identifying specific areas and cells infected by TBE virus.
A new study published in Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases demonstrates that the serum of white-tailed deer blood is lethal to the Lyme disease bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi. The researchers hope this discovery may lead to new strategies for preventing and treating Lyme disease.
Researchers have discovered that Shigella bacteria can infect humans but not mice due to differences in the shape of a key protein, gasdermin-B. The protein has six different forms, and some isoforms cause cell death while others do not, explaining why Shigella is unable to infect mice.
Researchers discovered that lipid deposition on medical implant surfaces can signal to the immune system whether to attack or ignore the implant. This knowledge could help develop biomaterials that deflect host immune aggression, reducing malfunction rates for devices like pacemakers and surgical mesh.
Researchers at University of Bonn discover a backup mechanism in immune cells that ensures efficient antiviral responses despite TBK1 enzyme mutations or complete loss. This mechanism relies on the stability of IKKepsilon protein, which compensates for TBK1 deficiency.
A large Dutch study found that the BCG vaccine does not protect elderly people with co-morbidities against COVID-19 symptoms. The study analyzed 6,112 participants and showed no difference in disease manifestations or hospitalizations between those who received the vaccine and those who received a placebo.
Researchers at Linköping University discovered that COVID-19 patients experience negative impacts on their immune cells six months after infection. The study highlights a connection between disease severity and immune cell dysfunction, suggesting the need for early antiviral treatment to prevent prolonged inflammation.
A team of researchers discovered that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in driving granulopoiesis, a process formation of granulocytes, in mice models. The study found that alterations in the gut microbiome composition induced by neutropenia stimulate reactive granulopoiesis via interleukin 17A secreted by T cells, promoting neu...
Researchers have discovered how a new class of drugs can inhibit the complement system, which causes damage to the body in some cases. These findings pave the way for further optimization of such inhibitors, potentially leading to novel therapeutic strategies for treating autoimmune diseases.
A study published in Frontiers in Immunology found that Japanese herbal medicine DKT reduces colitis severity by preventing gut bacteria loss and increasing immune cells. It restores Lactobacillus levels and promotes type 3 innate lymphoid cells, alleviating inflammatory responses.
The study found that gut microbiota releases membrane vesicles containing bacterial DNA, which triggers the cytosolic cGAS-STING-IFN-I axis to protect distal organs against viral infections. Antibiotic treatment impairs this ability, making mice more susceptible to viral infections.
Researchers found that normal-appearing lupus skin contains the same inflammatory signals as skin with rashes, suggesting a primed state for inflammation. The study's findings provide new insights into how UV light triggers rashes in lupus patients and highlight the potential for precision medicine in treating the disease.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet study how the immune system protects against malaria, finding that people who have contracted the disease before develop a tolerance that prevents severe disease. This knowledge can aid in the development of more effective vaccines.
A new study by Karolinska Institutet reveals that natural killer cells respond to a specific peptide on the surface of infected cells. This peptide triggers an activation response in NK cells carrying the NKG2A receptor, allowing them to kill virus-infected cells.
Scientists at Washington State University have discovered a novel theory that the innate immune system can respond differently to specific pathogens. This quality, known as immunological specificity, is driven by the nervous system and could provide a basis for finetuning an experimental treatment to fight infection.
Researchers discovered that SARS-CoV-2 causes an early release of the immune-dampening TGFβ messenger, disrupting the innate immune response. This disruption impairs natural killer cells' ability to eliminate virus-infected cells, leading to severe disease.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden found that COVID-19 disease severity is linked to the characteristics of white blood cells called granulocytes. Combined measurements of granulocyte characteristics and widely used biomarkers can predict key clinical features such as respiratory function and multiorgan failure.
Researchers found that the innate immune system overreacts in patients with severe COVID-19, leading to blood clots and oxygen saturation issues. The study suggests that this overreaction may be driven by extensive tissue damage, and may be treatable with existing drugs for hereditary angioedema.
Researchers at CNIC found that neutrophils acquire new characteristics when they arrive in a tissue and aid in maintaining organ health. This discovery suggests possible new treatments for diseases, including cancer, by leveraging the immune system's plasticity.
The hepatitis C virus exploits an immune protein called cyclophilin A to evade the immune system's defenses. Blocking this protein can impair the virus's ability to replicate and boost the immune response.
Researchers discovered that human lymphocytes release extracellular mtDNA web structures in response to CpG and non-CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, rapidly signaling the presence of a threat. These findings suggest a previously unreported role for mtDNA in innate immune system signaling.
Scientists have found that a social amoeba uses both phagocytosis and DNA nets to defend against bacteria, similar to the human immune system. This discovery could lead to new treatments for chronic granulomatous disease and other immune disorders.
Researchers demonstrate that the innate immune system recognizes weaker cells and activates programmed cell death, eliminating them in a process called cell competition. This phenomenon has implications for cancer research and early disease detection.
Researchers at Oregon State University found that resveratrol in red grapes and pterostilbene in blueberries can boost the innate immune system by increasing CAMP gene expression. This synergy is significant and has been shown to increase CAMP expression by several times.
The measles virus uses a hairpin-like structure to bind to the MDA5 receptor, preventing it from forming filaments and signaling viral RNA. This interaction allows the virus to evade the immune system's defense mechanisms.
Researchers identify key protein CFH that blocks inflammatory immune response to oxidative stress, found in conditions like atherosclerosis and AMD. The study reveals potential therapeutic target for treating chronic inflammatory diseases.
The innate immune system deploys two effective strategies to deal with invasive bacterial infections, including an emergency backup plan involving interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which stimulates white blood cell production. However, this backup system can also lead to chronic inflammation and organ damage if not managed properly.
Researchers have identified a key inhibitory role for the IL-1 signaling pathway in the human innate immune system, revealing its impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. The study suggests that certain drugs used to treat conditions like rheumatoid arthritis may be harmful to IBD patients.
Research suggests that amyloid-beta protein, a primary component of Alzheimer's plaques, is an antimicrobial peptide part of the innate immune system. A-beta inhibits the growth of certain pathogens and its accumulation may be triggered by chronic activation of the innate immune system.
Studies in mice reveal that ozone exposure enhances lung injury in response to bacterial toxins and boosts programmed cell death in innate immune system cells. This can lead to an overactive immune response, killing key immune cells and potentially making the lung more vulnerable to subsequent invaders.
Researchers studying a lancelet, a tiny primitive fish found in Tampa Bay waters, have identified key immune system proteins that share similarities with those found in humans. The study's findings could lead to improved biodefense and biotechnology for cancer treatment and disorders like rheumatoid arthritis.
Pattern recognition receptors on mast cells play a crucial role in triggering an immune response and modulating inflammation. This receptor activation leads to the release of histamine and other pro-inflammatory mediators, contributing to various diseases such as allergic reactions and asthma.
Myocarditis is an inflammatory condition that can trigger an autoimmune response, leading to heart failure. Researchers have identified complement and its receptors as key players in this process, shedding light on potential therapeutic approaches for treatment of human autoimmune diseases.