Articles tagged with Oncology
A qualitative study by City of Hope highlights the importance of proper patient preparation for unanticipated, inheritable genetic findings prior to tumor sequencing. The research emphasizes the need for scalable educational interventions that facilitate informed consent, such as online tools and applications.
A new AI method combines satellite imaging and ecological analysis techniques to interpret large amounts of data from tumor tissue, providing insights into how cancer works. This approach aims to tailor cancer treatments to individual needs and avoid unnecessary side effects.
A recent analysis of the Golden Retriever Lifetime Study data notes a potential correlation between canine sterilization and hemangiosarcoma development. Intact females consistently have lower diagnosis rates, while spayed females show an increasing risk beyond 8 years old.
A new study reveals a reversal in the trend of early-onset lung cancer, now affecting younger women and middle-aged adults. The increased incidence in women is attributed to rising rates among those born in the 1960s, without higher smoking prevalence.
Researchers classify UGDH as a molecular indicator of tumor progression in multiple cancer types, describing its involvement in key canonical cancer signaling pathways. Methods to inhibit UGDH and its downstream products are also identified.
A panel discussion at ASTRO 2023 sheds light on physician burnout, highlighting the prevalence of the issue in radiation oncology. Expert strategies for achieving work-life balance are presented as crucial to preventing burnout among practicing physicians.
Veterinary researchers used 3D organoids to investigate lung cancer in dogs, finding that canine primary lung cancer organoids faithfully mirrored tumor tissues. The study identified correlations between organoid cell viability and specific target molecules, paving the way for personalized treatment approaches.
A Rice University-led team of researchers has been awarded $45 million to develop a new sense-and-respond implant technology that could improve immunotherapy outcomes for patients with difficult-to-treat cancers. The technology, called THOR, aims to provide real-time data from the tumor environment to guide more effective therapies.
Researchers have successfully developed a robot that can autonomously navigate through living lung tissue, avoiding vital structures such as airways and blood vessels. This innovation enables surgeons to reach previously inaccessible small tumors, improving treatment outcomes for patients with lung cancer.
The September issue of the CHEST journal features research on long COVID, including a review on exercise pathophysiology in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2. Original studies also explore asthma treatment with albuterol-budesonide inhalers and sleep therapy using oronasal masks.
A large national study found that people with breast, ovarian, skin, and uterine cancers have higher levels of endocrine-disrupting chemicals like PFAS and phenols. The study suggests a link between these exposures and increased cancer risk in women. Researchers emphasize the need for EPA regulation to reduce PFAS exposure.
CityU and AFCR have signed a MoU to promote cutting-edge cancer-related innovative inventions and commercialization. The partnership aims to foster the development of biomedicine and related innovation, with world-leading scholars from Harvard Medical School attending the inaugural 'Innovation Series in Biomedicine' forum.
A team of Chinese and UK researchers has identified superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) as a potential target for reversing drug resistance in ovarian cancer. By using nanoparticles to deliver siRNA that reduces SOD1 levels, the study showed reduced growth and decreased resistance to cisplatin in female mice.
Researchers found that antioxidants activate a mechanism forming new blood vessels in tumor cells, which can help them grow and spread. The study suggests that dietary supplements containing antioxidants may accelerate tumour growth and metastasis in cancer patients.
Patients with cancer had disparate COVID-19 mortality rates during the winter Omicron wave compared to the general US population. The study suggests that immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants pose a significant threat, requiring prioritized efforts to prevent transmission.
Scientists engineer bacteria to target cancer cells, utilizing NIR fluorescence and photothermal conversion to selectively eliminate malignant cells. The study demonstrates effective optical and immunological functions in a mouse model of colon cancer.
A new imaging technique called quantitative photoacoustic tomography (QPAT) has the potential to provide high-quality images of cancerous tissues. By combining ultrasound and optical tomography, QPAT can help doctors make more accurate diagnoses in shorter time frames.
Researchers found AI chatbot responses to top cancer queries are generally accurate but lack actionable information. These limitations suggest relying on chatbots for supplementary purposes rather than primary medical information.
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital evaluated ChatGPT's recommendations for cancer treatment aligned with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. They found that approximately one-third of the chatbot's responses were non-concordant, highlighting its limitations in clinical decision-making.
A new US study shows that e-cigarettes can help people quit smoking by reducing cravings and the number of cigarettes smoked. The naturalistic approach used in this study provides evidence that e-cigarettes are a valuable tool for adult smokers who have failed previous attempts to quit.
The August issue of CHEST journal features a new clinical practice guideline for managing patients with neuromuscular weakness and a multisociety evidence review on the effect of race and ethnicity on pulmonary function testing interpretation. This is complemented by other research and reviews covering various aspects of chest medicine.
A multidisciplinary team at Hollings Cancer Center has launched a trial to reduce delays in starting radiation therapy after surgery, which can worsen outcomes. The ENDURE approach addresses organizational, team, and patient-level barriers to care, with promising preliminary results.
A study of 15,000 adults found that alcohol consumption and risky drinking behaviors were prevalent among cancer survivors. The findings highlight the need for additional research to address the emerging concern of alcohol consumption in cancer patients.
A meta-analysis of multiple studies found no association between depression and anxiety and most types of cancer. However, the study found a link between depression and anxiety with a 6% higher risk of developing lung cancer and smoking-related cancers.
A roundtable consensus emphasizes the importance of collecting long-term patient-reported outcome data in oncology trials to assess treatment effects and disease progression. Stakeholders agree that this information is vital for regulators, payers, physicians, and patients making decisions after treatment discontinuation.
A new Harvard-led research suggests that the thymus, often considered expendable in adults, actually plays a crucial role in maintaining adult immune health and preventing cancer. The study found that patients who had their thymus removed had a nearly threefold higher risk of death from various causes, including cancer.
A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial found that exercise can significantly reduce symptoms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in ovarian cancer survivors. Incorporating exercise programs into standard oncology care may improve quality of life for these patients.
Conventional psychotherapeutic approaches for women with late-stage gynaecological cancers take too long and require too much stamina. Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy has shown promise in treating anxiety, depression, and end-of-life distress with rapid and sustained effects.
A study of 800 Dutch children found that modified treatment protocols increased the five-year survival rate for all children with acute lymphatic leukemia to 94%. The modifications resulted in a three times lower risk of disease recurrence, especially in children with an aggressive form of leukemia.
Researchers have discovered a way to identify pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia by examining lipids in their blood during pregnancy. The approach worked regardless of whether the women were on aspirin therapy, and could predict the risk of preeclampsia with significant accuracy.
A new study by researchers at Dartmouth Cancer Center shows that a combination of estrogen and PARP inhibitors can effectively treat advanced ER+ breast cancer by damaging cancer cells and preventing DNA repair. The treatment strategy has been shown to be effective regardless of BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic mutations.
Studies showed mRNA vaccines provided long-term immunity against severe COVID-19 outcomes in cancer patients. The study found waning immunity after up to 4 mRNA vaccine doses, highlighting the need for booster shots.
Researchers at Nanyang Technological University discover ponatinib, an existing cancer drug, can block key steps in alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. This could lead to new treatment options for ALT cancers, which currently lack targeted therapies.
Researchers discovered that Nerofe and Doxorubicin can downregulate KRAS signaling, leading to enhanced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. The combination also activates the immune system against tumor cells, increasing immunostimulatory cytokines and recruiting NK cells and M1 macrophages.
A new study from Aarhus University found that people with mental health issues are less likely to accept offers of colorectal cancer screening. The research showed that those with severe mental disorders had a 13.8 percentage point lower participation rate compared to those without mental illness.
The study investigates the effects of DPDT on human colon cancer HCT116 cells and non-tumorigenic MRC5 fibroblasts. The results show that DPDT preferentially targets HCT116 cells, inducing apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest, likely through DNA topoisomerase I poisoning.
A systematic review found that cancer survivors experience a higher risk of psychological symptoms compared to healthy siblings and controls. Psycho-oncological intervention is recommended for early detection and prevention.
Rice University engineers developed a low-cost, point-of-care DNA test for HPV infections that can be used to screen for cervical cancer. The test, which requires just two pieces of equipment and delivers results in 45 minutes, has the potential to make cervical cancer screening more accessible in low- and middle-income countries.
Research suggests that aromatase inhibitors can limit the effectiveness of weight loss medications in breast cancer survivors. Studies have shown that these medications are less effective in women taking aromatase inhibitors, leading to reduced weight loss and increased risk of health complications.
Researchers at UC San Diego have discovered that shattered DNA fragments are tethered together during cell division, allowing them to be reassembled in a different order. Destroying the tether may help prevent cancerous mutations and is now being explored as a therapeutic target.
Researchers developed CrossDome, a tool that uses genetic and biochemical information to predict T-cell immunotherapy's impact on healthy cells. The tool identified high-risk candidates in cases where treatments mistakenly attacked heart cells.
A study has identified a potential treatment target for prostate cancer that is resistant to hormone therapy, a protein modification involving TRAF4. The researchers found that TRAF4 promotes the spread of cancer and may be associated with a new treatment option for patients.
A study published in JAMA Oncology suggests that stopping immunotherapy after two years for patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer who remain responsive may be a reasonable strategy, providing sustained clinical benefit. The findings provide reassurance for patients and their healthcare providers.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have identified how memory killer cells are formed and found a correlation between their presence in cancer tissue and improved survival rates in people with melanoma. The study suggests that harnessing the potential of these cells could lead to more effective immunotherapy.
ComboMATCH initiates patient enrollment to test new cancer drug combinations guided by tumor biology, exploring precision medicine and targeting proteins that control cancer growth. The project aims to identify beneficial therapies for patients with rare malignancies and/or rare molecular abnormalities.
A team of researchers from CSI Singapore has identified a transcription factor, TOX2, as a potential target for treating Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma (NKTL), an Epstein-Barr virus-associated cancer with poor treatment outcomes. The study found that TOX2 is overexpressed in NKTL patients and negatively associated with patient survival.
A new study published by LSU Health New Orleans found that a diet high in fruits, dark-green vegetables, and beans can significantly lower the risk of genital high-risk-HPV infection, which is associated with cervical cancer. The research also showed that women who eat healthily tend to practice other healthy behaviors.
Researchers found mailing HPV self-collection tests and offering assistance improved cervical cancer screening nearly two-fold among low-income women. Screening uptake increased to 72% among women who received mailed HPV kits, compared to 37% for those with scheduling assistance alone.
The number of US cancer survivors with self-reported functional limitations has more than doubled since 2000, according to the study. Cancer survivors without functional limitations have seen relatively little growth over the same period.
Researchers have identified three types of bacteria associated with natural purple photosynthetic bacteria that show strong anticancer efficacy. The bacteria can thrive in hypoxic tumor environments and trigger the immune system to kill tumor cells.
Researchers found that T cells can self-activate by puckering their cell membrane, boosting function and slowing tumor growth in a mouse model. This discovery could inspire new anti-tumor therapeutics and provide insights into treating autoimmune diseases.
A large-scale study of patient experiences with telemedicine and in-person visits found that telemedicine consistently outperformed in-person visits in terms of access to care and provider engagement. The study analyzed survey responses from over 39,000 patients across more than 50,000 visits.
Blinatumomab immunotherapy significantly improves the survival rate of babies with aggressive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), from 66% to 93%, while reducing side effects. The treatment is now standard for babies worldwide.
An international study of 1,044 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma found that combining radiotherapy with chemotherapy significantly improves survival rates compared to radiotherapy alone. The benefit was particularly notable in patients between 65-79 years old with good general health.
A retrospective study found that elevated CA 19-9 and CEA levels were associated with worsened outcomes in duodenal adenocarcinoma patients. The study, which included 68 patients, suggests that these tumor markers may show promise as prognostic tools for this rare malignancy.
Jeong Min Lee, KSR President and professor at Seoul National University Hospital, is honored with ARRS membership. He has published over 470 scientific articles and serves on the editorial board of several publications.
The CHEST journal April issue features cutting-edge research on asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and sarcoidosis. Key findings include the potential of efzofitimod as a treatment for managing sarcoidosis. The journal also showcases innovative approaches to clinical practice and education in chest medicine.
A randomized clinical trial found that using smartphone apps for home monitoring after oncologic surgery leads to improved quality of recovery and equal patient satisfaction. The study compared this approach with conventional in-person follow-up, revealing no significant differences in these outcomes.
Researchers found that a protein associated with liver cancer, ATF4, protects the liver by promoting the expression of SLC7A11, which suppresses ferroptosis and slows liver cancer progression. This unexpected result could inspire new treatments for preventing liver disease and cancer.
A team of scientists created a new, fast, and precise method for analyzing cells in tissue samples from cancer patients without the need for a trained pathologist. The method uses artificial intelligence to evaluate data produced by a technique called real-time deformability cytometry.