Articles tagged with Transfer Rna
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Researchers discovered a subcellular environment within the giant virus Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus that enables efficient translation of viral mRNAs despite mismatched codon usage with its host. This specialized environment alleviates the unfavorable translation condition, allowing for optimal viral replication.
A research team led by the University of Minnesota Medical School will investigate alternative genetic decoding in single-celled organisms and identify readthrough-inducing drugs to treat genetic disorders caused by premature termination codons. The goal is to restore normal function of genes and proteins in cells, potentially helping ...
Scientists have created a novel method to synthesize all 21 types of transfer RNA (tRNA) simultaneously in a test tube using the tRNA array method. This breakthrough allows for precise control over protein synthesis and has significant implications for the development of artificial molecular systems with self-reproducing capabilities.
Researchers identify OsRqc1 gene as crucial for temperature threshold in TGMS lines. The OsRqc1–OsVms1 module helps recruit ribosomal subunits and raises the critical sterility-inducing temperature.
Researchers at SMART Alliance for Research and Technology developed a powerful tool to scan thousands of biological samples and detect transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) modifications, which help control cell growth and response to diseases. The tool opens up new possibilities for disease research, diagnostics, and treatment development.
Researchers identified a protective RNA molecule that regulates autophagic flux and protects against cellular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in kidney cells. Boosting this tRNA-Asp-GTC-3'tDR increases kidney protection with less scarring, inflammation, and injury.
Boston College researchers create MapID-tRNA-seq, a method to map chemical modifications and expression of human transfer RNA. The study reveals that tRNA expressions are largely dysregulated in cancerous cells compared to benign cells.
Two previously unknown ribosome-arresting peptides (RAPs), PepNL and NanCL, were identified in E. coli, inducing translation arrest through a unique mini-hairpin conformation in the exit tunnel of the ribosome. This discovery provides valuable insights into deciphering the hidden genetic codes within polypeptide sequences.
Researchers at MIT have discovered that a genetic variant can lead to defects in transfer RNA molecules, causing embryonic face cells to fail to fuse properly. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying cleft lip and cleft palate formation.
A novel mechanism linking fetal anemia to disrupted intracellular iron distribution has been identified due to impaired mitochondrial protein synthesis. Mitochondrial tRNA modification enzyme Mto1 plays a crucial role in efficient protein synthesis and maintaining proper iron homeostasis.
High IARS2 expression in PDAC tissues correlates with poor prognosis, promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via upregulation of EMT transcription factors. IARS2 stabilizes β-catenin and activates the WNT/β-catenin pathway, creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment.
A new RNA barcoding method allows researchers to track gene transfer in bacterial communities without disrupting their natural environment. The technique has potential applications in predicting antibiotic resistance outbreaks, engineering microbiomes for pollution cleanup, and programming microbes for specific tasks like producing bio...
Researchers discovered a novel mechanism of intercellular communication through mRNA transfer between stem cells, allowing for biologically significant effects such as cell fate conversion and pluripotent state maintenance.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that certain tRNA introns suppress gene expression, helping cells respond to oxidative stress. The discovery sheds light on the potential importance of these previously thought-to-be-junk RNA segments in maintaining cellular evolutionary survival.
Researchers at the University of Maryland discovered multiple pathways for dsRNA molecules to enter cells, challenging previous assumptions about RNA transport. They found that a protein called SID-1 plays a key role in regulating genes across generations, which could lead to better targeted treatments for human diseases.
Researchers discovered that RNA modifications enable fungi to evade drug treatment and become temporarily resistant. This finding could lead to better treatment options against fungal infections by targeting specific RNA modification mechanisms.
Researchers at Chung-Ang University have identified a crucial role for specific tRNA fragments in cancer progression, revealing their ability to regulate gene expression and influence tumor growth. The study suggests that these fragments could serve as biomarkers for early-stage cancer detection and targets for therapeutic interventions.
Researchers capture dynamic interplay between RNA polymerase and ribosome, revealing emergent behaviors and communication between the two molecular machines. The study offers new insights into how transcription and translation work together, potentially leading to new ways to fight bacterial pathogens.
A groundbreaking study reveals how TRMT10A deficiency disrupts protein synthesis, synaptic structure, and function in the brain, leading to impaired cognitive abilities. Researchers found a significant decrease in specific tRNA levels, particularly those essential for initiating protein synthesis.
Researchers create a novel paradigm for adding non-canonical amino acids to proteins by using four RNA nucleotides instead of the traditional three. This approach allows for efficient and targeted incorporation of new building blocks into specific sites in target proteins, enabling the creation of tailored proteins with unique functions.
Researchers at Montana State University have published a study in Nature describing the discovery of the PARIS immune system, which uses tRNA to neutralize viral infections. The team used advanced microscopy techniques to visualize the system's structure and function.
Researchers discovered that enzyme METTL6 interacts with tRNA synthetase to recognize specific tRNAs, enabling precise modification and potential application in cancer treatment. This discovery provides new insights into the molecular machinery of protein production.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have discovered that the protein SRSF1 can bind and unfold complex RNA Guanine-quadruplexes. This finding could provide new avenues for treating illnesses such as cancer, which is often linked to misfunctioning splicing processes.
A recent study reveals that a cellular process called transfer Ribonucleic acid (tRNA) modification influences the malaria parasite’s ability to develop resistance. This breakthrough discovery could help researchers develop new drugs to combat resistance and better tools for studying RNA modifications.
A study published by USTC reveals that age-dependent accumulation of Glu-5’tsRNA-CTC impairs mitochondrial protein translation, accelerating brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease. This abnormal accumulation disrupts cristae structure, resulting in reduced synaptic glutamate levels.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science discovered a new ribozyme, R3C ligase, that catalyzes the formation of a 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage between two RNA molecules. This finding sheds light on the molecular evolution of RNA and its potential applications in nanobiotechnology.
Researchers discovered a crucial amino acid exchange that enables PsiM to carry out double methylation during evolution. The enzyme plays a key role in psilocybin production, with implications for biotechnological production of the active ingredient.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus have discovered a mechanism by which a bacterial virus limits Salmonella's ability to cause infection. By compromising protein synthesis, the virus can allow the host to rehabilitate and potentially treat resistant cases.
Researchers have found that antibody sequences contain an unusual number of codons without corresponding tRNAs, which can be bridged by the inosine wobble modification. This modification allows for more efficient production of antibodies, with implications for vaccine efficacy and rationally designed vaccines.
Researchers have engineered a chromosome entirely from scratch, contributing to the production of the world's first synthetic yeast. The tRNA Neochromosome forms part of a wider project that has successfully synthesised all 16 native chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, common baker's yeast.
Researchers have identified an essential stage in the takeover of rice cells by a fungus, which could accelerate treatment or prevention of rice blast disease. The discovery involves a modification in tRNA molecules that aid in protein construction, and its absence leads to reduced virulence.
Researchers have successfully visualized the three-dimensional structure of human tRNA splicing endonuclease TSEN, a crucial enzyme in tRNA maturation. The study reveals how TSEN recognizes and excises introns from precursor tRNAs, shedding light on its role in neurodegenerative disorders like pontocerebellar hypoplasia.
A Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute researcher used high hydrostatic pressure to examine conformational dynamics of human tRNA, finding excited states that play a role in both normal function and HIV infection. The study suggests new insights into RNA function and potential targets for therapeutics.
Researchers have made significant progress in reprogramming cells to supply the ribosome with building blocks other than alpha-amino acids. The ultimate goal is to make the translation system fully programmable, allowing for the production of an unlimited variety of new molecular chains with unique properties.
Researchers have developed a new method called Nano-tRNAseq to measure both the abundance and modification of tRNA molecules in a single step. This technology has significant advantages over conventional techniques, offering rapid, cost-effective, and high-throughput analysis with single-molecule resolution.
James Chappell, a Rice University bioscientist, has won a National Science Foundation CAREER Award to create RNA programming methods for microbial communities in natural habitats. His research aims to improve human health and the environment by genetically manipulating microbial communities.
Scientists create modified E. coli bacteria that cannot be infected by viruses while minimizing gene escape into the wild. This breakthrough technology has implications for reducing viral contamination in biotechnology production, such as insulin production and biofuel manufacturing.
TrafikGene, led by Prof. Javier Montenegro, develops a peptide-based technology for efficient delivery of nucleic acids with potential therapeutic application. The project aims to create vehicles that facilitate selective and non-toxic delivery of nucleic acids for applications in cancer immunotherapy.
A team of scientists from Tokyo Institute of Technology developed PETEOS to capture 'snapshots' of translation in the cell. The non-labeling methodology enriches and rapidly captures pep-tRNAs, enabling analyses that current methods cannot, with potential applications to any organism.
Researchers at UIC have developed a new method to study ribosome function by attaching peptides to tRNAs, providing high-resolution structures of the ribosome and its interactions with nascent chains. This breakthrough sheds light on protein synthesis and antibiotic resistance.
A team from the University of Tsukuba has developed a mouse model carrying a disease-associated mitochondrial mutation, which reveals that faulty RNA processing is responsible for metabolic disorders. The study provides new avenues for scientific discovery in understanding mitochondria and multiple diseases.
Researchers discovered a novel form of gene regulation altered in bladder cancer, which boosts the unfolded protein response pathway to help cancer cells survive during rapid growth. Elevated TRMT6/61A enzyme levels prevent tRF-3bs from silencing genes in this pathway.
Researchers studied peptide bond formation between tRNA molecules and a ribosomal RNA segment, revealing the potential for minihelices to bind to the primordial peptidyl transferase center. The study suggests that functional interactions between tRNA and PTC could have been 'revised' in evolution.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have discovered that certain RNA molecules called tDRs released by cells in response to stress can serve as markers of cellular stress in different diseases. The study created an atlas of stress signatures for tDRs, which can be used to diagnose and understand various conditions.
Researchers at Toyohashi University of Technology have developed DNA stamper injections using nanoscale-tipped wire arrays to deliver biomolecules into live neuronal cells within brain tissues ex vivo and in vivo. This technique allows for the efficient genetic modification of brain cells, making it a powerful tool for neuronal research.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati found that female mosquitoes have a higher abundance of tRNA modifications than males, which could underlie factors associated with female reproduction. This study aims to develop new methods of control for mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria and yellow fever.
Scientists discover that small RNAs recruit RNA Polymerase V to initiate DNA methylation, enabling crop breeders to avoid silencing from the start. This finding has substantial implications for reducing the cost and effort of producing transgenic crops.
Researchers at Penn State have imaged a protein facilitating RNA modification, allowing them to reconstruct the process. The study reveals how a chemical tag is added to tRNA, improving its ability to translate messenger RNA into proteins.
Recent genomic analyses reveal that bird genomes contain fewer tRNA genes compared to other vertebrates, yet exhibit similar usage patterns. The authors found that the contraction in tRNA genes is balanced by preferences for certain isoacceptor families, ensuring optimal translational efficiencies.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory found that a protein called Asterix/Gtf1 suppresses small specific regions of mobile genetic elements by binding to tRNA molecules. This discovery could lead to understanding how cells protect themselves against these elements and potentially tame an overly restless genome.
Researchers have developed a method to quantify transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in cells, which can reveal insights into tRNA regulation in health and disease. The mim-tRNAseq approach accurately measures tRNA abundance and modification status, enabling the study of tRNA dynamics in different tissues and during development.
Researchers at the University of Münster developed a strategy to switch DNA functions on and off using light. This allows for better understanding and control of cellular processes, such as epigenetics. The method involves transferring photocaging groups to DNA using protein engineering.
A recent study by an international team of researchers has discovered a novel link between tRNA fragments and the immune response following stroke. The findings suggest that tRNA fragments may replace microRNAs in monocytes, regulating homeostasis and potentially working in synergy.
Scientists identified contact pairs of magnesium ions and phosphate groups as a structural element for stabilizing tRNA's tertiary structure. The presence of magnesium ions reduces the electrostatic energy and orient water molecules, contributing to the molecule's stability.
Researchers found that a mutation in a tRNA gene can disrupt brain function and behavior, leading to imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. This imbalance has been implicated in numerous neurological diseases, including epilepsies and autism spectrum disorders.
Scientists at Tokyo University of Science discovered a primitive protein synthesis system in Nanoarchaeum equitans, which may have inspired the development of modern aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The study found that an ancient enzyme can add alanine to tRNA and minihelix regions independently of a specific base pair.
Researchers have successfully determined the three-dimensional structure of a vaccinia virus RNA polymerase at atomic resolution, providing key findings on virus multiplication. The complex is composed of various subunits and relies on host tRNA molecules to function, enabling an essential step in the pathogen's life cycle.
A Belgian-American research team has uncovered a new mechanism of neurodegeneration in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, revealing that tRNA synthetases can interfere with gene transcription in the nucleus. This discovery could lead to new therapeutic approaches for CMT patients.
Researchers at Cornell University have discovered a unique bacterial regulatory mechanism called T-boxes, which facilitate basic functioning in bacteria. Understanding the structure of these elements could lead to designing targeted antibiotics, offering hope against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
The study reveals that Trm7-Trm734 preferentially methylates specific tRNA transcript variants, and that Trm734 is required for the positioning of tRNA for methylation. This breakthrough contributes to understanding genetic defects and developing new treatments for nosyndromic X-linked intellectual disability.