Articles tagged with T Cell Responses
Researchers from Karolinska Institutet challenge the hygiene hypothesis by showing that mice with high infectious exposures have a similar ability to develop allergic immune responses as laboratory mice. Despite this, they developed strong signs of pathological inflammation and allergic responses when exposed to allergens.
Research finds that immune cells in older adults are similar to those in newborns and children, but less effective at recognizing infected cells. The study, published in Nature Immunology, suggests that tailored vaccines and therapies could be developed for different age groups based on the unique characteristics of killer T cells.
A study has identified key T cell subsets that track closely with successful vaccination and are responsible for early protection against SARS-CoV-2. The research found distinct CD8+ T cells that proliferate and attack key proteins of the pandemic virus, particularly those lacking surface protein KLRG1.
A team of scientists has developed a method to detect thousands of lipid molecules displayed to T cells in the human immune system. The study reveals rules about lipid size, shape, and chemical content that influence T cell responses.
Researchers found that tumors with metastasis to the brain respond better to immunotherapy due to effective priming outside the brain. Glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer, does not respond well due to impaired priming step.
Researchers discuss the essential role of macrophages in metastatic growth of lung colonies in melanoma, highlighting their importance in clearing challenges to tissue integrity and promoting growth-related processes. The authors emphasize the need for targeted therapies against macrophages to combat untreatable metastasis.
A new study found that high-stress caregivers had higher klotho levels and longer telomeres in specific immune cells, which may provide protection against aging. In contrast, low-stress caregivers showed no significant associations between klotho levels and telomere length.
Researchers examine translational studies on peripheral surrogates of tumor burden, including circulating tumor DNA, miRNA, and HPV-specific antibodies, to inform chemotherapy and immunotherapy strategies. These biomarkers show promise as prognostic and predictive markers of response to treatment.
Scientists at UAB identify a cell-surface marker that distinguishes PD-1+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells destined to become GC-Tfh cells from those becoming long-lived memory CXCR5+CD4+ T cells. The study reveals the critical role of c-Maf in the transition step from pre-Tfh to GC-Tfh cell differentiation.
Researchers found all hallmarks of T cell exhaustion within six to 12 hours of tumor exposure, including dramatic changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility. The study challenges existing ideas about how T cells become exhausted and has implications for cancer immunotherapies.
The Phase 2a trial of OVX836 showed a notable signal of protection against influenza symptoms with an 84% level of protection compared to placebo. The vaccine candidate elicited significant humoral and cellular immune responses, highlighting its potential as a universal influenza vaccine.
A new study found that individuals vaccinated with the newer pertussis vaccine show similar immune responses to antigens present and absent from the vaccine, suggesting that asymptomatic infections drive T cell response. This could lead to the spread of the bacteria to vulnerable populations.
Researchers found that CD4+ T cells initiate fat wasting, while CD8+ T cells induce muscle wasting, which surprisingly helps the mice fight infection and survive. The study sheds light on the complex relationship between immune cells and wasting responses.
The IBS-KAI Conference will focus on viral diseases and immunology, featuring over 20 international experts. The conference aims to prepare for responses to future infectious diseases, including those with pandemic potentials.
Scientists found that CXCL13-mediated recruitment of B cells helps predict response to immunotherapy treatment. This cooperation between T cells and B cells is associated with improved survival in patients treated with immunotherapy.
Scientists from Institut Pasteur and Inserm discovered that CD4 T cells can remotely neutralize tumor cells by producing interferon gamma, offering new hopes for patients with incomplete responses to CAR T cell therapy. This study raises the possibility of personalized treatment approaches using larger quantities of CD4 CAR T cells.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine discovered that human T cells can independently control RSV replication in lung tissue, suggesting a new approach to developing vaccines. The study's findings support the development of RSV vaccines that elicit effective T cell responses to improve vaccine efficacy.
The study, published in Science Translational Medicine, shows robust T-cell responses in volunteers participating in a phase 1 clinical trial of a self-assembling nanoparticle HIV vaccine. The antigen used stimulates VRC01-class B cells, an immune response considered promising for boosting in further studies.
Researchers at USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center have identified a biomarker, CX3CR1, that can predict which patients with non-small cell lung cancer will respond well to chemoimmunotherapy. Elevated levels of the biomarker in T-cells after six to nine weeks of treatment indicate long-term benefits from the combination therapy.
University of Pittsburgh researchers created a universal receptor system allowing T cells to recognize any cell surface target. This enables highly customizable CAR T cell and other immunotherapies for treating cancer and diseases, with potential applications in solid tumors.
A new study finds that rare helper T cells called Th9 can drive allergic disease and may hold the key to precision medicine approaches for treating severe allergies. Th9 cells are activated by specific transcription factors and can produce inflammatory cytokines without antigen stimulation.
A new AI-generated vaccine targeting T-cells provides broad coverage against future COVID-19 variants, potentially lasting longer than current antibody-based vaccines. This innovation has the potential to be used for seasonal flu and other vaccines, offering a long-lasting solution to emerging viral diseases.
Researchers found that immune checkpoint inhibitors increase the mobilization of overlapping tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells, leading to antitumor effects. The diverse subset of T-cell clones plays a key role in this response, with polyclonal clones exhibiting more proliferative potential and contributing to effective treatment outcomes.
Researchers found that COVID-19 vaccination generates robust T cell responses in haematology patients, on par with healthy individuals. The study provides key insights for future immunisation strategies and shows that mRNA vaccines can elicit strong T cell immunity in patients with co-morbidities.
A new study has found that SARS-CoV-2 infection damages the CD8+ T cell response, which is crucial for fighting the virus. Vaccination after infection can still provide protection, but booster shots may be needed to boost immune-cell responses.
Researchers discovered that targeting two inflammatory regulators simultaneously can boost T cell expansion and increase antitumor immune activity in models. The findings showed at least 10 times greater T cell expansion when both regulators were knocked out, resulting in improved durability.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet discovered that children's memory T cells react to SARS-CoV-2, providing immunity against COVID-19. The study found strong cross-reactivity between coronaviruses causing common colds and SARS-CoV-2.
A new study found that antibiotic treatment and certain types of microorganisms in the gut can impact CAR T-cell therapy outcomes. Patients with higher levels of Bifidobacterium longum had improved overall survival rates, while those with other bacteria were associated with poorer responses.
Researchers found that severe herpesvirus infections can strongly activate host cellular immunity, leading to a therapeutic effect on refractory adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. This activation may play an important role in the survival of patients with this intractable disease.
A phase 2 trial found that talimogene laherparepvec combined with chemotherapy provided strong responses and immune cell activation in 45.9% of patients with early stage triple-negative breast cancer. Tumor samples showed high levels of tumor-fighting T cells, indicating a potential for improved outcomes.
A new study reveals that the immune system mounts a weak response to lung cancer due to an environment created by bacteria in the lymph nodes near the lungs. T-cell responses are suppressed by regulatory T cells and interferon gamma produced in response to commensal bacterial presence.
Researchers at Saint Louis University found that COVID-19 vaccination does not interfere with cancer immunotherapy in previously vaccinated patients. The study supports recommending vaccination to patients with cancer, including those receiving systemic therapies.
A research team from HKUMed identified chronic Type I Interferon signalling as a driver of CD8+ T cell exhaustion and therapy resistance. The study highlights the harmful effect of IFN-I on tumour-killing CD8+ T cells, providing new insights into immunotherapy improvement.
New research reveals that children's immune systems have a strong initial reaction to coronavirus but don't develop long-lasting memory T cells like adults do. This means they are at risk of getting sick when reinfected and may experience an immune over-reaction, leading to severe symptoms.
Researchers analyzed how immunological memory gets generated and maintained to understand its role in cancer and inflammatory diseases. They found that increased inflammation can actually reduce immunological memory, highlighting the need for regulation.
A recent study found that people with a specific genetic variation have a lower risk of developing infectious mononucleosis after initial Epstein-Barr virus infection. The researchers identified an EBV-specific immune response as the cause and suggest it could be a target for vaccine development.
Researchers identified 17 clusters of single cells in peripheral blood, showing upregulation of antigen processing and presentation pathways and downregulation of genes involved in ribosome pathways with age. The study also found senescent T cells resistant to apoptosis, potentially targeted for treatment.
Researchers have discovered a new biomarker that predicts the response to CAR-T cell therapy in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The biomarker identifies differentiated T cells, which can be removed from leukemia products to improve therapy success rates.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center have discovered a novel triple immunotherapy combination targeting checkpoints in T cells and myeloid suppressor cells, improving anti-tumor responses and survival rates in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. The study found that neutralizing specific immunosuppressive mechanisms dramatical...
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh discovered that exhausted cancer-fighting T cells can become immunosuppressive when working in low-oxygen tumor environments. Targeting these conditions can reinvigorate these cells, improving response to immune-based cancer therapies.
Scientists conducted whole-body PET scans using a radioactively labeled antibody tracer against CD8+ T-cells before and after starting immune checkpoint inhibitors. The results showed heterogeneous and dynamic responses among patients, revealing the complexity of the immunotherapy response.
Researchers at Scripps Research developed nanoparticles that target only the immune cells driving an autoimmune reaction, delaying or preventing severe disease in a mouse model of arthritis. The treatment boosts regulatory T cell populations and reduces anti-self-antigen antibody production.
Research found that while broad T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is currently protective, recognition of seven out of ten T-cell targets mutated in COVID-19 variants is impaired. The study suggests ongoing mutation could lead to decreased overall immune system protection.
The study found that protein kinase CK2 plays a key role in regulating CD8+ T cell activation, metabolic reprogramming and differentiation during infection by the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. In mouse models, deletion of the CK2α catalytic subunit impaired CD8+ T cell function.
A new study led by Duke-NUS Medical School scientists found that inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicit a broad immune response against different proteins on the virus, while mRNA vaccines stimulate a single spike protein response. This broader T-cell response may be beneficial in preventing severe COVID-19 disease.
Researchers found that immune checkpoint blockade therapy may be beneficial for certain cases of severe COVID-19. In pre-clinical trials, treatment with a PD-1 inhibitor restored T cell functionality and reduced inflammation in mice infected by MHV-A59, another betacoronavirus.
Researchers will investigate immune system differences between men and women to better understand neurodegenerative diseases. The study aims to identify why certain neurological diseases primarily affect males or females, and how this difference impacts disease progression.
Researchers found that two-dose CoronaVac vaccination schedules, spaced 2 or 4 weeks apart, elicit similar immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants. The study suggests that either schedule can provide equal protection against COVID-19.
Researchers have designed a potential therapeutic that dampens the activity of regulatory T cells, which can prevent the immune system from unleashing its full potential against tumor cells. The molecule, known as FOX3P, acts as a transcription factor for many Treg genes but isn't vital for other types of T cells.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered a rare T cell defect tied to the risk of developing MAC disease. People with this defect have fewer specialized Th1* cells, which robs them of an effective immune response to MAC bacteria.
Researchers at Universidad de Navarra identified a biomarker that predicts CAR T cell therapeutic capacity, which could improve treatment outcomes for patients. The study found that high CAR density in CAR T cells is associated with a worse clinical response in hematological tumors.
In a new study, researchers found that immune T cells lacking the key transcription factor Satb1 are more susceptible to suppression by regulatory T cells, leading to transplant tolerance. The study provides insight into the mechanism behind transplantation tolerance and may lead to the development of new immunosuppression regimens.
Researchers at UNSW Sydney discovered that T cells use mechanical forces to propel lytic granules towards cancer cell membranes. The study found that the shape of the target membrane plays a crucial role in T cell-mediated cancer cell killing, with a bias towards outwardly curved membranes.
Researchers discovered a telomere transfer reaction between immune cells that extends their lifespan and confers long-term protection. This 'anti-ageing' mechanism has potential clinical applications for diseases like cancer and dementia, and may enable people to live healthier and longer.
A study led by University of Pennsylvania scientists reveals how tumor-derived factors stimulate trogocytosis, a process that can help cancer cells evade detection and grow unchecked. Blocking this process improved the effectiveness of CAR T cell therapy in mice.
Researchers found that patients with longer progression-free survival after BCMA-targeted CAR T-cell therapy had more diverse baseline T-cell repertoires, fewer markers of immune exhaustion, and distinct changes to immune cell populations. These factors were associated with improved responses to the treatment.
Researchers at LSU Health New Orleans have identified a critical immunosuppressive pathway and developed an experimental inhibitor to protect T-cells from weakening. The CBL-B inhibitors show great potential in enhancing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, making patients' T-cells more effective in killing cancer cells.
Scientists at UC San Francisco and Gladstone Institutes use CRISPR-based edit to render therapeutic T cells more resilient, overcoming a major factor limiting cancer immunotherapies' success. The discovery may help improve treatment of both solid and liquid tumors.
A research team led by Professor Wolfgang Kastenmüller has discovered that unconventional T cells play a crucial role in triggering site-specific immunity in distinct lymph nodes. The study reveals that different subtypes of unconventional T cells migrate to specific lymph nodes, influencing the immune responses there.
Boosting with either Janssen or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine boosts humoral and cellular immune responses. Boosting with Janssen vaccine provides durable antibody and T-cell responses for at least four months.